Lightswitch-2002: a model for manual and automated control of electric lighting and blinds (original) (raw)
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421: Lighting control system: energy efficiency and users' behaviour in office buildings
Efficient daylight-responsive systems for illumination of buildings, including installation of automatic lighting control systems, can provide a significant contribution in order to set up design and intervention strategies towards energy saving and environmental protection. Moreover it is becoming increasingly important to establish a realistic baseline of the actual lighting energy consumption in buildings for the different scenarios nowadays used (both manually and automatically operated) which incorporates occupant's behaviour. Analysis of energy saving potential of automated lighting scenarios have been carried out in real use conditions instead in controlled laboratory environment, in order to test the automation systems efficiency in operating time. The analyzed building is a 6 floors office block each with almost 35 units. Different automation scenarios (for number, typology and location of installed devices) have been implemented in 2007during the renovation activity.....
Proceedings of the IBPSA …, 2005
Behavioural models derived from ongoing field studies can provide the basis for predicting personal action taken to adjust lighting levels or remedy direct glare in response to physical conditions. SHOCC, a sub-hourly occupancy-based control model, provides building energy simulation programs, such as ESP-r, access to advanced behavioural models, such as the Lightswitch2002 algorithms intended for manual and automated lighting systems. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through annual energy simulations aiming at quantifying the total energy impact of manual control over lights and window blinds. Results show that by enabling manual control, as opposed to using predefined lighting profiles for core zones, total primary energy expenditure is reduced by as much as 62%. This underlines the importance of defining suitable reference cases for benchmarking the performance of automated lighting controls. Results also show that reduced lighting use through automated control may not always produce anticipated savings in primary energy for indoor climate control; in some cases, reduced lighting use is shown to even increase primary energy expenditure for indoor climate control, trimming down initial primary energy savings in lighting alone. This supports the use of integrated approaches rather than simple guidelines in designing lighting solutions.
Lighting control system : energy efficiency and users ’ behaviour in office buildings
2014
Due to new European standards and requirements regarding energy performance in non-residential buildings, it is strategic to explore and quantify the benefits of typical energy saving design measures (automatic systems) compared with traditional operation systems (manual system) considering appropriate reference case studies so to benchmark the performance of automatic control systems. In order to set up design and intervention strategies towards energy saving and environmental protection, efficient daylight-responsive systems for illumination of buildings, including installation of automatic lighting control systems, can provide a significant contribution. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly important to establish a realistic baseline of the actual lighting energy consumption in buildings for the different scenarios nowadays used (both manually and automatically operated), which incorporates occupants’ behaviour. The analysis of the energy-saving potential of automated lighting s...
Impact of occupant behaviour on lighting energy use
Artificial lighting contributes for a large part to the primary energy use of an office building. Lighting control systems can help reduce the lighting energy use. When calculating the potential energy savings, neglecting the occupant behaviour leads to an overestimation. This research shows that the energy saving performance of a daylight dimming system in an individual office decreases by about 10% when user behaviour is accounted for. A parameter analysis shows that this result is fairly independent of boundary conditions.
Light switch behaviour: occupant behaviour stochastic models in office buildings
2014
It is common knowledge that occupants' behaviour on building control systems plays a significant role to achieve comfortable indoor environmental conditions. Moreover, different research studies have shown how occupants' behaviour also has a huge influence on energy consumption. Consequently, since the building sector still consumes nearly half of the total amount of energy used in Europe and because occupants' comfort should be one of the major aim of a building construction, this influential factor should be further investigated. Reliable information concerning occupants' behaviours in a building could help to better evaluate building energy performances and design robustness, as well as, it could help supporting the development of occupants' education to energy awareness. Concerning occupant behaviour related to indoor lighting systems, many studies have been made regarding occupants' feelings and performances to certain visual stimuli due to different light systems. Nevertheless, occupants' interactions with lighting control systems needs further investigation also because few models to predict switching operations have been implemented in energy simulation programmes. This study proposes probabilistic models to describe occupants' switching on-off control over lighting. They have been developed using a multivariate logistic regression based on measurements of indoor climate parameters, outdoor environmental conditions and artificial lights "switch on/off" actions. Measurements were made over eleven months for three different office rooms. Two predictive light-switch behaviour models were inferred in relation to the number of actions carried out by the users (active or passive). The models are presented and critically discussed in this paper. The study extends the information on environmental parameters influencing occupants' manual control of the lighting system in offices and energy consumption.
Lighting energy savings in offices using different control systems and their real consumption
Energy and Buildings, 2008
This paper compares the potential of lighting energy savings in office rooms by using different control systems, for three locations in Europe and the four main orientations. The method is based on DAYSIM simulations to perform daylight calculations, on laboratory measurement to evaluate precise system energy consumptions and on the implementation of a new algorithm to simulate a close-loop daylight dimming system. It appears that the control of the electrical power in function of daylight leads to very high savings; they slightly depend on the room orientation and the location. Savings vary from 45 to 61%. The performances of an occupancy sensor are also tested. Threshold values of occupancy rate for which daylight dimming leads to higher gains than an occupancy control system vary between 27 and 44% depending on location and orientation. The measurements of the energy consumption of the sensors and detectors also permit to conclude that systems with embedded DALI-compatible ballast controllers should be abandoned in favour of a centralized DALI-compatible ballast controller or embedded analogue systems.
Lightswitch: a model for manual control of lighting and blinds
A simulation algorithm and its implementation into three building simulation programs are presented. The algorithm predicts the lighting energy performance of manually and automatically controlled electric lighting and blind systems in perimeter daylit offices. Algorithm inputs are annual profiles of user occupancy and work plane illuminances. These two inputs are combined with probabilistic switching patterns, which have been derived from field data, in order to predict the status of the electric lighting and blinds throughout the year. Assumptions underlying the model are currently being validated and refined through a series of field studies which are carried out within the International Energy Agency's Task 31, Daylighting Buildings in the 21 st Century. The algorithm has been linked to three simulation programs:-Lightswitch Wizard: An online design support service (www.buildwiz.com) for daylighting and lighting control related design decisions in perimeter offices.-Daysim: An advanced, Radiance-based version of the Lightswitch wizard that allows to model arbitrary building geometries (http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ie/light/daysim.html).-Esp-r: In order to yield more holistic energy predictions, the integration of the model into the Esp-r whole building simulation engine is currently underway. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ein neuer Simulationsalgorithmus (Lightswitch) wird beschrieben, der das manuelle Schaltverhalten von Büronutzern für das Kunstlicht und einen Blendschutz beschreibt. Eingabegrößen sind Nutzeranwesenheit und minimale Beleuchtungsstärke am Arbeitsplatz. Diese Größen werden mit in Feldstudien beobachteten Verhaltensmustern verknüpft, um den Status des Kunstlichtes und Blendschutzes zu jedem Zeitpunkt des Jahres vorauszusagen. Diese Verhaltensmustern werden im Rahmen der International Energy Agency Task 31, Daylighting Buildings in the 21 st Century, validiert und erweitert werden. Bisher wurde der Algorithmus in drei Simulationswerkzeuge implementiert:
Energy and Cost savings by Using Lighting Controls in offices
2013
In 2005, the International Energy Agency published that electricity consumption for lighting was about 19% of the total global electricity consumption, being about 48% of the total electricity consumption for lighting of the sector service. Around two thirds of the lighting systems nowadays are based on technologies developed before 1970, and they have lower performance that the current technology. A complete change of the lighting system and the implementation of control and regulation systems can provide relevant energy savings. This work presents a comparison about the energy efficiency of different control lighting systems applied to office spaces located in Spain. The work is based on DAYSIM and DIALUX calculations to perform daylighting, lighting systems and energy consumption derived from the use of lighting control systems. Different types of lighting systems and lighting controls are compared using fluorescent lamps to determinate what is the potential energy saving maintai...