REVITALIZATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH THEIR FUNCTIONAL REORGANIZATION (original) (raw)
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GEOGRAPHIES, PLANNING AND TOURISM STUDIOS
Refunctioning (adaptive reuse) has an important place in the preservation of historical and cultural values. It is aimed to ensure the sustainability of the registered structure with its original components as much as possible by registering some of the structures that need to be conserved. There is an important gap to be filled between the balance of conservation and use; In closing this gap, branding processes in tourism, competing cities etc. conceptualizations enable cultural values and identity components to come to the fore. In new conservation approaches, registered buildings are very important for the cultural development and promotion of the city. It is an agreed issue that all of these assets should be converted into museums or efforts in this direction are unsustainable and that they should be focused on adaptive reuse and using them, while preserving and transferring the city's history and culture to future generations. This study is based on the discussion that finds it right to establish the relationship between the cultural continuity and the use of re-functionalized historical buildings in the context of tourism, especially cultural tourism. Thus, it is aimed to gain the necessary momentum from the unity of culture, conservation, sustainability and tourism and to create content that contributes to the urban economy. In this context, the existing structural problems of Ferit Köşk (Mansion), which is one of the historical buildings of Diyarbakir, were examined, and suggestions were presented for the sustainability of the mansion, its refunctioning (adaptive reuse), the provision of conservation-use balance and its bringing into cultural tourism.It is aimed to create an agenda for the mansion structure and conservation policy in line with the suggestions presented with this study, which is prepared for the use and transfer of the building to the future by refunctioning (adaptive reuse), which is not used today and is in danger of collapsing. Historical buildings are cultural heritages that carry the culture, history and memory of the past to the present. The conservation, sustainability and tourism of cultural heritage are important for the development of cities. For this reason, every work done to ensure the survival and continuity of cultural heritage by putting these concepts into practice is valuable. The efforts of societies that conserve their cultural values to build the future provide cultural and historical continuity. In recent years, the development of conservation awareness for historical buildings, the high economic return, and the increase in nostalgia and search for the past are some of the reasons that increase the orientation to the historical and cultural environment. For this reason, the cultural tourism movement, the conservation and rearrangement of historical buildings in cities contributed to the development of the understanding of sustainability. Urban conservation can be realized by preventing the disappearance or destruction of structures bearing the traces of historical and cultural values in today's conditions. Conservation the historical environment and buildings against all kinds of external influences in order to transfer them to the future is one of the main elements of urban conservation (Keleş-Hamamcı, 1997, p.120).
Transformation and revitalization approach of cultural heritage in Prizren in the 20th century
2019
It is well known that cultural heritage is said to have never reached to now its source state. Over time they have undergone changes depending on the circumstances of the time. Changes and modifications that affect the monuments can be divided into two main groups. The first group comprises mainly privately owned buildings, especially residential buildings where the owners have made various arbitrary modifications depending on their needs. The second group includes state-owned public buildings or various religious-social communities that have served the general public. Interventions in this group (second) were mainly carried out by the competent institutions that were obliged to preserve and promote cultural heritage. So there are times when monuments, ensembles or entire complexes have been demolished to pave the way for new urban planning with new buildings "for the general good of the population". Monuments that have survived new urban adjustments, conflicts and wars, a...
Statement of the problem. Nowadays tourism is a multi-faceted social phenomenon and its influence on the architecture includes both positive and negative aspects that must be investigated. While studying different historical stages of tourism in the city structure, we seek for a causal link of the phenomenon of reorientation of dominant recreational functions of the territory, and try to define optimal functional organization of a tourist center. In order to do so, cutting-edge overseas experiences in the development of tourist and recreational institutions from the start of mass tourism up to this day. Results and conclusions. The major historical periods of forming a tourist system were studied: types of tourist activities and of tourist and recreational objects which were classed according to their level of influence on the organization of tourism. The ways of the formation of tourist establishments and complexes on different historical stages were examined in order to define evolution-al typological tourist formations from a single tourist establishment to a city tourist center. A city as a tourist center was regarded as the main and the most optimal type of a tourist system in the modern hierarchical city structure of the tourist establishments.
International Conference on Conservation of Architectural Heritage (CAH) 4th Edition, 2020
No question, heritage buildings are one of the cardinal stakes of sustainable economic and touristic resources in urban communities. Moreover, they revive the urban traces of their home city, and by turn foreground the identity of their community. Besides, heritage is the nerve of tourism and its resultant economic growth among the named communities; especially in the neighboring parameters to those touristy areas. Therefore, urban heritage gives prominence to its mother civilization and pride to its community, for it is a real-life incarnation of its costumes and traditions, displaying their multifarious progress. Mecca has been divinely bestowed with its reverence and veneration, by virtue of witnessing the birth of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his holy message at the hands of angel Gabriel; thus it has been the sole refugee for Muslim souls seeking redemption. In that event, the holy area has been gifted a renowned nature for its nonpareil uniqueness has been the asset of creating a distinguished urban character. Henceforth, Mecca has been famed for its historic and monumental edifices. Unfortunately, these buildings are diminishing one after another, due to the lack of maintenance follow up processes, ending up losing their cultural value, social esteem, and economic worth. Consequently, these treasures are in their way to extinction rather than sustainable disposition along with their economic attributes. With the massive flow of pilgrims, the kingdom has opted to part with most of these heritage areas, to provide its increasing visitors with the utmost modern services. In this thread, the Meccan heritage has been subjected to continuous obliteration and identity mutation among its international architecture counterparts and their sophisticated urban philosophies, which have swept all over the city, despite their incompatibility to its raw nature. The promising 2030 plan and the exerted efforts to get it realized are exhibited in the cultural heritage renovation wave taking over the kingdom in general and Mecca in particular. The research paper aims at documenting the 2020 strategic initiative, where its second legislative code stipulates raising the awareness of these areas, in Abou Liela, ElBastawisy / Proceedings of Science and Technolgy pg. 2 consideration of their preservation, rehabilitation, and development, to encourage the private sector to launch major investment projects right there. This paper demonstrates adequate scientific methodologies and deducted mechanisms from the current investment-oriented rehabilitation processes. Besides, it works on finding out solutions, to revive the bygone historic buildings, and make the utmost functional advantage of these desolate threatened buildings out of suffering from a wide interval of infringements. The research investigates the validity of the former international heritage renovation attempts to be either simulated or developed. The researcher selected a certain hypothesis, to serve the research goals, which is affirmative to the previous interrogation. Thusly, the research employs an inductive, descriptive and analytical methodology. Then, the research exhorts the prevalent conception of heritage rehabilitation in international, pan-Arab and Saudi terms respectively. The research is to proceed with elucidating the architectural and urban heritage typologies. Afterward, it explicates the aforementioned conception; as coded in unanimous international charters in terms of their enforced preservation policies. Furthermore, the research postulates the grounds of urban heritage renovation and architectural rehabilitation in proportion to their investment conception, mentioning the most poignant programs and their resultant economic fruition. The research provides an analytical overview of the international rehabilitation and exploitation international model; Valle Longa in Naples; Italy in part. In the other part, it discloses a similar study on an Arab model; Khan Al Faring in Sidon; Lebanon. Finally, the research focuses on the case study; Suleiman Palace in Al Tayssir, Mecca. to reach the research findings and recommendations.
Interpretations of the Architectural and Cultural Values of Heritage in the Revitalization Process
Architectura & Urbanismus, 2015
The interpretation of architectural work has a particular significance when the work itself is endangered and in the need for a protection and revitalization. Different theoretical premises for interpretation of architectural work are formulated in relation to different perceptions on the cultural character and identity of the society in determined historical and political moment. Therefore, a various cultural positions upon valorization of heritage’s significance transform into different approaches on architectural heritage revitalization. This way the cultural contextualization of architectural heritage ultimately influences the selection of adequate technical methods and constructive techniques for its revitalization which consequently can result in alteration of the character of revitalized heritage, or in the other hand, alteration of heritage’s role within the society. The first question approached in the paper investigates a development of theoretical positions on re-interpretation of heritage’s values and features in the process of its revitalization. Here, case studies on revitalization of several iconic buildings of architectural heritage in the second half of the twentieth century in Sarajevo and Barcelona enable to perceive how the practice on heritage revitalization operates upon three concepts: the conservational, the interventionist and the symbolist (negativist) approach. The acceptance of disparate values of heritage is the main substance that differentiates one approach from another. The conservational approach departs from the premise that heritage’s value and thus its architectural authenticity are inflexible categories, frozen in time, caught in space, and therefore non-subjected to cultural and architectural (re)interpretations, while the symbolic approach by completely relying on intangible values of heritage and endeavoring to merely preserve symbolical significance the property together with overall proficiencies of architecture as technique and profession is in stark contrast to the first approach. In the same time, the interventionist approach strives to give same importance to tangible and intangible values of the heritage, and thus it endorses creative interpretation of legacy in revitalization in order to enable appreciation the cultural perception of heritage as a dynamic category. The insight into different case studies of revitalized architectural heritage provides a tool to question the dynamics of change of property’s architectural and cultural character, its re-layering and restructuring. The investigation presented in this paper follows from a comprehensive master study which investigated the process of revitalization of the several iconic buildings in Sarajevo and Barcelona that due to damage or degradation in the course (second half) of the 20th century were revitalized. because it was evaluated that they are of importance in architectural and cultural terms for Bosnian and Catalan societies. The findings of the research however are summarized and for the purposes of this paper described by three sets of examples: The Sarajevo City Hall and the Barcelona Grand Theatre Liceu, the Barcelona Santa Catarina Market and the Parliament and Council of Ministers building in Sarajevo and the White Sherefudin’s Mosque (Visoko). The investigation of given case studies is presented through analysis of the process of revitalization in terms of interpretation of their architectural features, that is design, material, technological and structural singularities in relation to their social significance. The objective of the analysis is to enable to establish paradigms on semiotic understanding of cultural identity in correlation to architectural heritage. This how the investigation on revitalization of heritage in question reveals to be a possible tool for analysis of cultural, political, economic and social positions within the (two) societies which in the investigated period have passed through process of national and cultural self-redefinition and re-interpretation. In this way the insight in the processes of construction, interpretation, valorization and finally revitalization of selected case studies permits observing the changes of perspectives within Catalan and Bosnian-Herzegovinian cultural identities, since the presented examples in the course of the 20th century have been used as iconological representatives of their national characters. The various interpretations of architectural heritage in those two different cultural backgrounds thus has led to establishment of a general concept on cultural perception and subservience of architectural heritage in accordance with needs of ideological (national, cultural, ethnic) agendas. From this arises a second problem approached in the paper: In what way and how a different social viewpoints, movements and trends of internal cultural self-perception within the society are perceivable on revitalized material artifacts? Approaching this question could facilitate establishing common ground for the improvement of processes of heritage revitalization. Finally, the aim of the investigation was to anticipate the dangers of partial analysis of artistic features of architectural work and one-sided understanding of heritage’s cultural properties, and thus confirm the need for the complex and interdisciplinary approach to build heritage. At the moment when contemporary society balances between the urge to pursue further technological progress and the need for recovery of primeval spiritual connection with the world, the profession on protection and revitalization of architectural heritage faces the challenge to preserve the image of the world while allowing it to continue to change. Therefore, this paper advocates the comprehensive interpretation of a constructed imaginary as the only possible way for preservation of creative potential contained in architectural legacy of past generations.
Resourceedings, 2018
The importance of historical sites containing archaeological and architectural fabrics has many physical, economic and social; they differ depending on the form and structure in different areas of the city. The historic environment of the urban content for historic buildings and heritage guides the manager to the preservation of the entities. Research shows that there is a large gap between the classroom buildings and the development process of the surrounding urban environment. By focusing on sustainable development of the historical heritage areas, it is necessary to operate a reallocation of buildings for better preservation. The study covers the following: the attempt to link the new features for creating activities of the heritage of the population of the surrounding environment, to increase the degree of attention of the living environment around the building. Factors that affect the process of maintenance, and reuse of heritage buildings in the choice of assignment. It is proposed to try to find a general concept for the development of heritage areas within the public sphere. The role of community participation as a means of awareness and the definition of ordinary citizens of the importance of the environment and heritage content. It also discusses the mapping methods to study and treat to represent the heritage buildings through reallocation as one of the important conservation measures through the example of the Casbah of Belamech. This research also presents a set of conclusions and recommendations in the form of a model with an information system on the environment (SIE) to develop the most important features in the development of heritage buildings, to ensure the sustainability of its environment.
THE IMPACT OF THE TOURISM ON THE REVITALIZATION OF THE HISTORICAL CENTER
Most of the Arab countries and particularly; the Gulf countries have been through an extraordinary and an unexpected urban development. This urban development was done on the detriment of the old cities and towns to such an extent that it was threatening the urban heritage of some cities, even more the identity of the community. The city is a cultural phenomenon in its own right and tells its past, transfers together its memory. Historic buildings are the physical manifestation of memory that makes places significant. The city contains visions of previous generations side by side with an urban and cultural life in a state of constant change and urban development must be combined with the protection of cultural heritage. Preserving cultural and natural heritage , to bring it within reach of all, making cultures and civilizations better known, improving daily living conditions and reducing poverty is what gives meaning to the sustainability of tourism development. Tourism must remain a tool and in no way a goal in itself, it must be developed with a view to sustainability. Historic city centers have been through a process of metamorphoses. This transformation usually involves updating the infrastructure and the historic buildings to accommodate commercial activities, and the insertion of contemporary architecture in existing streetscapes. This is a common process and there is nothing wrong with that; problems begin when historic buildings and places are harmed by this global change. Through some empirical cases, this paper examines questions of tourism development with the introduction of some commercial activities, signage control, and their repercussions on the preservation of historic heritage in terms of build environment, and user preference and satisfaction with historic city centers. The objective is to inform those factors that need to be taken into account in the use of the tourism development as a source for the revitalization of the historical sites. The research concludes that heritage is a constituent of the cultural tradition, and an important part of societal and community well-being. This comprehensive vision merges both tangible and intangible dimensions; architectural and historical values.
Creative Tourism in Modern Heritage Regeneration; The Case of Rasht Municipality Square
International Conference on Conservation of 20th Century Heritage from Architecture to Landscape, At Tehran, 2019
In recent decades, modern architecture, as an example of cultural heritage, has attracted the attention of cultural and creative tourists and has led to economic prosperity and cultural development. Accordingly, ample consideration of heritage-based regeneration is needed in urban planning policies. Based on the empirical study and a qualitative method, this paper attempts to examine the main impacts of creative tourism on the regeneration process of modern heritages in the city core of Rasht, regarding the expansion of cultural and creative industries' discourse. The investigation includes several interviews and a questionnaire with visitors and marketers of Rasht Municipality Square's district. This paper evaluates the impacts of tourism on culture and vice versa in three aspects: physical/environmental impacts, economic impacts, and socio-cultural impacts. Despite the negative consequences of the tourism industry, the results of the research indicated that regenerating cultural heritage sites, due to creative tourism needs, can increase economic affluence, cultural employment, and social vitality. This will lead to an increase in the residents' health and quality-of-life. As regard to the newness of debates in the field of cultural and creative industries in Iran, this research is among the few papers concerning creative tourism and heritages, specifically modern heritages in a creative city context.
City Architectural Heritage Revival: The Need of a New Applied Approach
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2016
Egypt is a nation of 4000 years of civilization, which was known for its ancient architecture that occupied the highest rank of importance, but how long will our neglected heritage sites survive in our recent era? This is a rising debate. This paper is based on a hypothesis whether the conservation of the neglected or isolated heritage sites, particularly in the inhabited areas, can bind the citizens to their past. For this reason, the research provides scenes of many applied conservation practices in other countries. The study calls for developing a new applied approach of conservation that takes the interaction between citizens and the city heritage zones into consideration.
During the last decade heavy interventions on historic monuments are faced, that go beyond the level of the ordinary conservation and restoration or partial reconstruction, thus putting on the table the question of the preservation or rehabilitation within the contemporary society, through their total monumental reconstruction. There are cases that these methods instead of supporting the values of authenticity, on the contrary, they jeopardize them, disputing, by this way, the most essential criterion for the evaluation of the historic monument.