Prevalence, risk factors and health seeking behaviour of pulmonary tuberculosis in four tribal dominated districts of Odisha: comparison with studies in other regions of India (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 2019
Background: It is very important to identify and treat infectious pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients at the earliest to save the life of the patients and to prevent the transmission of infectious agent to others. As per Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report 2017, an estimated 28 lakh new TB cases occur and 4.23 lakh people die due to TB annually. Due to the poor health services and lack of awareness, particularly vulnerable tribal groups are vulnerable or at risk to many diseases including TB. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the burden of pulmonary TB (PTB) among adult tribal population of Maharashtra. House-to-house visit was conducted to identify the presumptive TB cases and sputum microscopy and chest X-ray were done to confirm the diagnosis. Results: In the survey, 6898 tribal adults were interviewed from 8 tribal clusters, and among them, 144 (2.1%) presumptive TB cases were identified. The most common symptom among the presumptive T...
Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the tribal populations in India
PLOS ONE
Importance There is no concrete evidence on the burden of TB among the tribal populations across India except for few studies mainly conducted in Central India with a pooled estimation of 703/100,000 with a high degree of heterogeneity. Objective To estimate the prevalence of TB among the tribal populations in India. Design, participants, setting A survey using a multistage cluster sampling design was conducted between April 2015 and March 2020 covering 88 villages (clusters) from districts with over 70% tribal majority populations in 17 States across 6 zones of India. The sample populations included individuals ≥15 years old. Main outcome and measures Eligible participants who were screened through an interview for symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB (PTB); Two sputum specimens were examined by smear and culture. Prevalence was estimated after multiple imputations for non-coverage and a correction factor of 1.31 was then applied to account for non-inclusion of X-ray screening. Resu...
Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis amongst the tribal population of Madhya Pradesh, central India
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2009
Background This was a prevalence survey of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) disease in the tribal population of Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Methods A community-based cross-sectional tuberculosis (TB) disease prevalence survey was undertaken among adults aged 515 years in the tribal population of Madhya Pradesh. A multistage stratified cluster sampling was adopted. A representative random sample of villages predominated by tribal populations was selected from 11 districts. All eligible individuals were questioned for chest symptoms relating to TB. Sputum samples were collected from all eligible individuals, transported to the laboratory, and examined by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy and solid media culture methods. Results Of the 23 411 individuals eligible for screening, 22 270 (95.1%) were screened for symptoms. The overall proportion of symptomatic individuals was 7.9%. Overall prevalence (culture and/or smear positive) of PTB was 387 [95% confidence interval (CI): 273-502] per 100 000 population. The prevalence increased with age and was also significantly higher among males (554/100 000; 95% CI: 415-693) as compared with females (233/100 000; 95% CI: 101-364) (P < 0.001). Conclusion The findings suggest that the TB situation amongst the tribal population is not that different from the situation among the non-tribal population in the country. However, TB remains a major public health problem amongst the tribal population and there is a need to maintain and further strengthen TB control measures on a sustained and long-term basis.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in India, particularly with very limited information on TB among the tribes. This cross sectional descriptive study aims to estimate the prevalence of TB among tribal groups; understand the socio cultural determinants as risk factors for TB, and understand the knowledge attitude and practices regarding TB among Tribal population. Materials and method: A multistage cluster sampling design was adopted. Tribal population >70% formed the sampling frame for selection of villages. Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method was used to select villages within the districts Villupuram, Namakkal, Nilgiris. The required sample size was estimated to be 2400 adults aged 15 years with an assumed prevalence of 387/100,000 bacteriological positive cases with a precision of 15% at 95% confidence level and design effect of 1.3. Results: A total of 2945 respondents were included in the analysis wherein approximately 87% were tribes and around 13% were non tribes. The point prevalence of TB estimated among the tribes was 196/100,000 population, and the period prevalence was reported to be 1605/100,000. About 46% of the respondents were found to be illiterate, 19.7% had their own cultivation and 31.5% reported that they consume alcohol, about 60% of them reported to consume alcohol used Indian Made Foreign Liquor. About 85% people in the 3 study sites have heard about TB, among them 66% did not know the causation and approximately 31% reported TB to be spread through air. Conclusion: The present study could be beneficial for the prevention of TB in tribal population and emphasize the necessity for health education efforts to promote knowledge about TB among tribes. This study provides important information on the burden of TB and would help design an innovative model for policy makers and health managers to address TB in the tribal population of Tamilnadu.
PLOS Global Public Health
Background Lack of TB incidence data is an important evidence gap among Saharia–a high TB burden indigenous community in Madhya Pradesh, central India. The present study was undertaken to calculate the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in this tribe. Objective To calculate the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among the Saharia tribal population in Madhya Pradesh, central India. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among the Saharia tribal population (aged 15 years and above) of Shivpuri district in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. A total of 9,756 individuals were screened for TB in the baseline TB prevalence survey during 2012–13. All available household members were screened for symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB (presumptive TB). Two sputum specimens were collected from persons having symptoms suggestive of TB and examined by smear and culture tests. A cohort of all non-TB individuals in the baseline survey was followed-up for one year and re-screene...
Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 2021
Background: Symptom elicitation is a simple and inexpensive screening tool used for population screening in tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys. However, the information on the yield of TB cases by symptoms is sparsely available. Methods: A cross-sectional pulmonary TB (PTB) prevalence survey was conducted. All available eligible individuals were interviewed for symptoms of PTB. Sputum samples were collected and tested for PTB by smear microscopy and culture. Results: Among 2890 individuals tested for PTB, 77% had cough for 2 weeks or more and one-third reported chest pain for 1 month or more. About 31% were having a history of anti-TB treatment. Cough contributed to 82% PTB cases and the history of anti-TB treatment contributed to another 8.4% confirmed cases. Fever recorded lowest yield among the symptoms of PTB. Conclusion: The study suggests that fever alone may be ignored from symptomatic elicitation, and history of previous anti-TB treatment should be treated as an important ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences
Background: Tuberculosis remain a worldwide public health problem despite the fact that the causative organism was discovered more than 100 years ago and highly effective drugs and vaccine available making tuberculosis a preventable and curative disease. India is highest tuberculosis burden country in the world in the term of absolute number of incident cases that occurs each year. Aims and objectives-To study sociodemographic profile of pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending DOTS centre. Material and method: A cross-sectional, descriptive and community based study was conducted at field practice area(Kanke Block) of RIMS, Ranchi. A total of 300 patients of age group 14 years and above were included in the study. Pre tested, semi structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were entered in MS excel and analysed in spss software. Results: Out of 300 patient's majority were male (70%), between age group of 15-25 years (27.7%), Hindu (42.7%), nontribal (52%), from rural area (83.7%), educated upto secondary (33.3%), self employed (22.7%), married (56.3%), having joint family (60.3%), belonged to class IV socio economic status (B G Prasad) (58.7%). Conclusion: An overall improvement in living condition, education, socioeconomic status and sanitation is necessary to decrease the prevalence of tuberculosis.
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2016
Introduction: Tribal population is one such group who share common cultural and socio-religious beliefs, and reside in particular discrete geographic areas. Many of the socioeconomic factors among tribal population will determine the health care seeking behaviour and treatment outcomes in relation TB. Hence this study is proposed for the better understanding of their health care seeking behaviour and to identify the barriers on the outcome of the treatment. Objective: To describe the health seeking behaviour among tribal with Tuberculosis Material and Methods: A Retrospective and prospective study was conducted from February 2014 to October 2014. All diagnosed patients from H.D. Kote govt. hospital and VMH, Sargur were included in the study. A pretested structured proforma was used collect the data by interview technique. Data was coded and entered into SPSS version22 and analyzed. Results: Fever and cough were the predominant symptoms in 93.7& of the cases. Cough was the most commo...
African Health Sciences
Aim: To study and analyse the socio-demographic profile and basic risk factors of tuberculosis(TB) patients and their relationwith the current epidemiological status of TB registered under the RNTEP program in the study area. Subjects and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 1743 newly registered tuberculosis patients at TB-DOT centerof South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India from 2011-2014. Socio-demographic variables and baseline characteristics of theparticipants were noted by a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Our study results indicate that more than 95% of the TB patients were from lower socioeconomic class, and hadpoor literacy status and tuberculosis was observed highest in non-agricultural labour and cultivators. Among the young adult’smajority of the affected population were females from the lower/upper-lower socioeconomic class. Our analysis revealed that,in successful tuberculosis therapy, men were more defaulters than women. Conclusion: Our study provid...
Perception of Tuberculosis Treatment in Tribal area of Akole Block of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra
International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 2020
Introduction: The family’s knowledge and perception of any disease are essential conditions to formulate effective health policies to combat the disease. The tribal populations of India are likely to live discrete hard to reach geographic areas with their common cultural and socio-religious beliefs which are quite different from the general population. The present study was aimed to evaluate attitude with regards to the treatment of tuberculosis among the tribal community in Akole block of Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra. Methods: This was a qualitative cross-sectional study conducted in the tribal community. The study participants were subjected to a well-structured questionnaire which contained questions about the demographics and attitude of the patients concerning tuberculosis. Results: Twenty patients were included in the study, of which 12 (60%) were males while 8 (40%) were females. Majority of study participants opined that the treatment of tuberculosis should be free (19, ...