A survey of ovary-, testis-, and soma-biased gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster adults (original) (raw)
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Developmental Biology, 1987
To obtain probes for sex-specific gene regulation during development in D. melanogaster, sequences expressed sexspecifically in adult flies were isolated by differential cDNA hybridization screens of a genomic library, Ten clones define new sex-specifically expressed genes. The remaining three isolates correspond to previously cloned genes encoding female-specific yolk proteins and chorion proteins. The pattern of expression of these genes in sex determination mutants and in germlineless flies, as well as their tissue specificities, permitted us to distinguish transcripts whose expression is dependent on correct sexual development of the soma or the germline. One of the female transcripts is expressed in nurse cells and oocytes. Five of the male-specific sequences are expressed in the testis during spermatogenesis; the remaining one is expressed in the soma. Experiments using a temperature-sensitive allele of tra-2 show that the presence of this male-specific transcript, found only in the adult paragonia, is not affected by temperature shift of X/X; tra-P2 adults. This is in contrast to yolk protein genes, which require tra-2 function in the adult for their expression in the female fat body. 0 198'7 Academic Press, Inc.
Variable sexually dimorphic gene expression in laboratory strains of Drosophila melanogaster
BMC Genomics, 2007
Background: Wild-type laboratory strains of model organisms are typically kept in isolation for many years, with the action of genetic drift and selection on mutational variation causing lineages to diverge with time. Natural populations from which such strains are established, show that gender-specific interactions in particular drive many aspects of sequence level and transcriptional level variation. Here, our goal was to identify genes that display transcriptional variation between laboratory strains of Drosophila melanogaster, and to explore evidence of gender-biased interactions underlying that variability.
Constraint and turnover in sex-biased gene expression in the genus Drosophila
Nature, 2007
Both genome content and deployment contribute to phenotypic differences between species 1-5. Sex is the most important difference between individuals in a species and has long been posited to be rapidly evolving. Indeed, in the Drosophila genus, traits such as sperm length, genitalia, and gonad size are the most obvious differences between species 6. Comparative analysis of sex-biased expression should deepen our understanding of the relationship between genome content and deployment during evolution. Using existing 7,8 and newly assembled genomes 9 , we designed species-specific microarrays to examine sex-biased expression of orthologues and species-restricted genes in D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. yakuba, D. ananassae, D. pseudoobscura, D. virilis and D. mojavensis. We show that averaged sex-biased expression changes accumulate monotonically over time within the genus. However, different genes contribute to expression variance within species groups compared to between groups. We observed greater turnover of species-restricted genes with male-biased expression, indicating that gene formation and extinction may play a significant part in species differences. Genes with male-biased expression also show the greatest expression and DNA sequence divergence. This higher divergence and turnover of genes with male-biased expression may be due to high transcription rates in the male germline, greater functional pleiotropy of genes expressed in females, and/or sexual competition. There are numerous case studies demonstrating that orthologues with sex-biased function diverge more rapidly than genes with non-biased function 10. To determine systematically the relative contributions of gene content and expression divergence to sexual differences, we sampled sex-biased expression within the Drosophila genus using species-specific microarrays designed for the closely related D. melanogaster, D. simulans and D. yakuba group (common ancestor, 10-13 million years ago), and for the more distantly related D. ananassae, D. pseudoobscura, D. virilis and D. mojavensis (common ancestor, 40-65 million years ago) (Supplementary Table 1). The species-specific platform eliminated confounding effects of sequence divergence on hybridization and allowed us to assay the expression of lineagerestricted genes.
Extensive Sex-Specific Nonadditivity of Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster
Genetics, 2004
Assessment of the degree to which gene expression is additive and heritable has important implications for understanding the maintenance of variation, adaptation, phenotypic divergence, and the mapping of genotype onto phenotype. We used whole-genome transcript profiling using Agilent long-oligonucleotide microarrays representing 12,017 genes to demonstrate that gene transcription is pervasively nonadditive in Drosophila melanogaster. Comparison of adults of two isogenic lines and their reciprocal F 1 hybrids revealed 5820 genes as significantly different between at least two of the four genotypes in either males or females or across both sexes. Strikingly, while 25% of all genes differ between the two parents, 33% differ between both F 1 's and the parents, averaged across sexes. However, only 5% of genes show overdominance, suggesting that heterosis for expression is rare.
G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics
Sexual dimorphism occurs widely throughout insects and has profound influences on evolutionary path. Sex-biased genes are considered to account for most of phenotypic differences between sexes. In order to explore the sex-biased genes potentially associated with sexual dimorphism and sexual development in Drosophila suzukii, a major devastating and invasive crop pest, we conducted whole-organism transcriptome profiling and sex-biased gene expression analysis on adults of both sexes. We identified transcripts of genes involved in several sex-specific physiological and functional processes, including transcripts involved in sex determination, reproduction, olfaction, and innate immune signals. A total of 11,360 differentially expressed genes were identified in the comparison, and 1,957 differentially expressed genes were female-biased and 4,231 differentially expressed genes were male-biased. The pathway predominantly enriched for differentially expressed genes was related to spliceos...
G3 (Bethesda, Md.), 2014
Here, we provide revised gene models for D. ananassae, D. yakuba, and D. simulans, which include untranslated regions and empirically verified intron-exon boundaries, as well as ortholog groups identified using a fuzzy reciprocal-best-hit blast comparison. Using these revised annotations, we perform differential expression testing using the cufflinks suite to provide a broad overview of differential expression between reproductive tissues and the carcass. We identify thousands of genes that are differentially expressed across tissues in D. yakuba and D. simulans, with roughly 60% agreement in expression patterns of orthologs in D. yakuba and D. simulans. We identify several cases of putative polycistronic transcripts, pointing to a combination of transcriptional read-through in the genome as well as putative gene fusion and fission events across taxa. We furthermore identify hundreds of lineage specific genes in each species with no blast hits among transcripts of any other Drosophi...
Genome-Wide Patterns of Expression in Drosophila Pure Species and Hybrid Males
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2003
One of the most fundamental questions for understanding the origin of species is why genes that function to cause fertility in a pure-species genetic background fail to produce fertility in a hybrid genetic background. A related question is why the sex that is most often sterile or inviable in hybrids is the heterogametic (usually male) sex. In this survey, we have examined the extent and nature of differences in gene expression between fertile adult males of two Drosophila species and sterile hybrid males produced from crosses between these species. Using oligonucleotide microarrays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we have identified and confirmed that differences in gene expression exist between pure species and hybrid males, and many of these differences are quantitative rather than qualitative. Furthermore, genes that are expressed primarily or exclusively in males, including several involved in spermatogenesis, are disproportionately misexpressed in hybrids, suggesting a possible genetic cause for their sterility.
Rapid evolution of male-biased gene expression in Drosophila
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2003
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Mating system manipulation and the evolution of sex-biased gene expression in Drosophila
Nature Communications, 2017
Sex differences in dioecious animals are pervasive and result from gene expression differences. Elevated sexual selection has been predicted to increase the number and expression of male-biased genes, and experimentally imposing monogamy on Drosophila melanogaster has led to a relative feminisation of the transcriptome. Here, we test this hypothesis further by subjecting another polyandrous species, D. pseudoobscura, to 150 generations of experimental monogamy or elevated polyandry. We find that sex-biased genes do change in expression but, contrary to predictions, there is usually masculinisation of the transcriptome under monogamy, although this depends on tissue and sex. We also identify and describe gene expression changes following courtship experience. Courtship often influences gene expression, including patterns in sex-biased gene expression. Our results confirm that mating system manipulation disproportionately influences sex-biased gene expression but show that the direction of change is dynamic and unpredictable.