Searching for the ‘Chilean oasis’: Waiting and uncertainty in the migration trajectories of Venezuelan women. (original) (raw)

Kilometer 0: the beginning of migratory journeys of domestic workers in Chile

This study aims to describe how the migratory trajectories of migrant domestic workers begin in Chile and the role of migratory networks and emotional factors in their decisions. A qualitative analysis of six biographical narratives is employed to examine the complexities of their labor and migratory trajectories, influenced by intersecting factors such as gender, class, and ethnicity in the context of global care chains. The results reveal five main moments when making the decision to migrate. The first moment is characterized by the fact that none of the cases had worked as domestic workers in their home countries. In the second moment, the need to change their circumstances in their home countries arises, often due to political crises, economic challenges, or gender-based violence. The third moment involves the existence of a migratory network of friends and family who assist in their journey. In the fourth moment, a significant emotional factor plays a central role in the decision to migrate, influencing the timing of the decision. Finally, in the fifth moment, the decision to migrate to Chile is made.

Managing migrants’ spaces after emigration: Caracas, Departure City

Bitácora Urbano Territorial

The deterioration of living conditions in Venezuela has triggered an unprecedented migratory crisis. More than seven million Venezuelans have fled the country. While a continental refugee crisis and an emergent diaspora have received attention, the local impact of emigration remains unexplored. Locally, emigration manifests itself as an ever-growing and unique vacancy. In Caracas, migrants’ left-behind domestic spaces are managed through relational, trust-based, and dynamic practices that revolve around their preservation and reinvention, implicating local actors in the migration process and creating new forms of transnational cooperation. This article examines emergent practices of care in Caracas. It presents an overview of the Venezuelan crisis and the disciplinary frameworks for examining the impact of emigration on urban development. Through interviews and photography, the research offers accounts of cuidadores and highlights their role in protecting and reinventing migrants’ d...

Our Life Is Not Here: Migration and Return of Young Spaniards Living in Chile

Social Sciences, 2021

With the aim of understanding the recent migration processes of young Spaniards settled in Chile, the present paper analyzes, on the one hand, how these young people experience their arrival and establishment in said Latin American country and, in the other hand, how the process of returning and readjusting to Spanish society takes place. For that, and following the procedures of the Grounded Theory, the discourses of 37 Spanish migrants obtained through in depth interviews were analyzed: 22 of them are living in Chile and the other 15 returned to Spain after spending a long period in Chilean society and have been living in Spain for at least one year since then. All of them have university degrees, are between 25 and 35 years old, and arrived in Chile between 2013 and 2018. This qualitative study shows the way in which these migrants experience their sociocultural integration in Chilean society, which could be typified as “nostalgic” since it is characterized by the idealization of...

Living on Standby: Endurance and Anticipation in Chile's Aconcagua Valley

The fresh fruit agricultural industry of Chile erupted onto the international market three decades ago and is hailed today as a marker of the country's solid economic growth. Closer inspection, however, reveals that seasonal laborers employed for summer harvests face increasing uncertainty and precarity throughout the fragmented labor calendar. The winter months in particular are characterized by unemployment and debt that restrict the possibility of short- or medium-term planning. This article draws on ethnographic research carried out in Chile's central Aconcagua Valley--a region that exports a high volume of table grapes each austral summer. It examines ways in which temporeras--female seasonal laborers--make ends meet during the winter months and how emerging subjectivities are reshaped by neoliberal dynamics. The research reveals that material objects and motherhood facilitate workers' perseverance and provide an emotional buffer--though often short-lived--that softens everyday uncertainty. [agriculture, Chile, class, gender, globalization, labor]

Visual Narratives of Care and Reproduction in Forced Migration: Women Displaced from Venezuela to Brazil

Bulletin of Latin American Research, 2024

Migration is deeply gendered, yet little is known about the lived experiences of displaced women or how they manage their reproductive health challenges. Here, we explore the meaning of sexual and reproductive health for displaced Venezuelan women in Brazil, using photovoice. This methodology revealed that women interpret 'sexual and reproductive health' in ways that go beyond medicalised understandings and include concerns more usually associated with 'social reproduction' or care work. Caring, for Venezuelan migrant women, is complex: many take comfort from their roles as carers, but they also experience depletion and anxiety. Our research suggests the need for wider understandings of what reproductive health in displacement means and for support for migrant women that goes beyond addressing their biological reproductive roles.

Complexities of Socio-Labor Integration in Chile: Migrating Colombian Women’s Experiences

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The objective of the article is to understand Afro-Colombian women’s emotional experiences of the migratory process, and their labor insertion in Chilean territory. The Antofagasta region is one of the doors that connects Chile with its neighbors; at the same time, it is a national territory that is linked to important economic and human movements due to its mining activity. In the analysis of the data collected through of group and individual interviews conducted in the city of Antofagasta, we found experiences of xenophobia, labor abuse, discrimination, prejudices, and stereotypes articulated, along with the tendency of Chilean culture to value European traits over native Latin American traits.

MIGRANT STORIES: SHELTERED LIVES

Thousands of people have crossed the border between Venezuela and Brazil, and upon arriving on the Brazilian ground they often become just “the Venezuelan”, as if their existence could be reduced to a single belonging, determined by nationality. However, they are women, men, trans, children, youth, adults, the elderly, displaced human beings with diverse life experiences, converged by the condition of becoming a migrant, a refugee, which does not dilute the other constitutive aspects of their identity. In the project Migrant Stories we photograph and get in touch with their life stories. Along the following lines and photos we will share with you part of this experience.

“The last corner of the world”: The Chilean Landscape for Emigrants

2013

If even those who undertake a brief vacation or recovery trip in their homeland like to be provided with a printed vademecum in which they can find advice on everything that is worth knowing—as the huge circulation of the travel guides by Baedeker, Berlepsch and many other authors conclusively proves—, how much greater must be the longing for such works among those starting long voyages across the ocean or even more those emigrating from their homeland for an indefinite period, maybe forever, to undertake a weeks-long journey to a country completely unknown to them in which they plan to settle. That which represents a mere convenience which the leisure or spa traveller would only reluctantly forgo, is absolutely necessary for the emigrant, since it very much depends on this whether can avoid his first steps on the ground of the new homeland proving to be missteps often followed by ominous consequences. For that reason it is almost incomprehensible that nobody has yet conceived the o...

Women in (Dis)placement : The Field of Studies on Migrations, Social Remittances, Care and Gender in Chile

Revista de Estudios Sociales de la Universidad de los Andes (Colombia), 2019

A B S T R AC T | This article presents current perspectives on the gender approach to the study of migration in Chile between 1990 and 2018, contextualizing it in light of international debates in the social sciences. We will discuss how the feminization and the growth of Latin American migrations have given rise to a prolific field of research, as exemplified by studies conducted in central and northern Chile. We will show how the concepts of social remittances and caregiving permeate the Chilean debate on migrant women. We conclude with reflections on topics and perspectives to be incorporated into the Chilean research agenda on gender and migration. K E Y WO R D S | Care; Chile; gender; migration; social remittances Mujeres en (des)plazamiento: el campo de estudios sobre migración, remesas sociales, cuidados y género en Chile R E S U M E N | Se presenta un estado del arte sobre el enfoque de género en los estudios de la migración en Chile entre 1990 y 2018, contextualizándolo a la luz de debates internacionales de las ciencias sociales. Abordaremos cómo la feminización y el incremento de las migraciones latinoamericanas inauguran un prolijo campo de investigaciones, articulado a través de estudios desarrollados en el centro y en el norte de Chile. Señalaremos cómo los conceptos de remesas sociales y cuidados permean el debate chileno sobre las mujeres migrantes. Finalizamos con reflexiones sobre temas y perspectivas a ser incorporados en la agenda chilena de investiga-ciones sobre género y migración.