The heliocentric evolution of cometary infrared spectra: Results from an organic grain model (original) (raw)

Optical spectroscopy of comets using Hanle Echelle Spectrograph (HESP)

MNRAS, 2024

Observing the vibrational/rotational lines in a comet’s optical spectrum requires high-resolution spectroscopy, as they are otherwise seen as a blended feature. To achieve this, we have obtained medium and high-resolution (R ( λ/ dλ) = 30 000 and 60 000) spectra of several comets, including C/2015 V2 (Johnson), 46P/Wirtanen, 41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kres ´ak, and 38P/Stephan–Oterma, using the Hanle Echelle Spectrograph (HESP) mounted on the 2-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) in India. The spectra effectively cover the wavelength range 3700–10 000 Å, allowing us to probe the various vibrational bands and band sequences to identify the rotational lines in the cometary molecular emission. We were also able to separate the cometary Oxygen lines from the telluric lines and analyse the green-to-red (G/R) forbidden oxygen [O I ] ratios in a few comets. For comets C/2015 V2, 46P, and 41P, the computed G/R ratios, 0.04 ±0.01, 0.04 ±0.01, and 0.08 ±0.02, respectively, point to H 2 O being a major source of Oxygen emissions. Notably, in the second fibre pointing at a location 1000 km away from the photocentre of comet 46P, the G/R ratio reduced by more than half the value observed in the first fibre, indicating the effects of quenching within the inner coma. We also measured the NH 2 ortho-to-para ratio of comet 46P to be about 3.41 ±0.05 and derived an ammonia ratio of 1.21 ±0.03 corresponding to a spin temperature of ∼26 K. With these, we present the results of the study of four comets from different cometary reservoirs using medium and high-resolution optical spectroscopy, emphasizing the capabilities of the instrument for future cometary studies.

Investigating the link between cometary and interstellar material

2000

We present millimetre and submillimetre observa- tions of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) undertaken near peri- helion with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory and the 30- m telescope and Plateau-de-Bure interferometer of the Institut de Radioastronomie Millim´ etrique. From a spectral molecular survey, six new cometary molecular species have been identi- fied for the first time in a comet: SO, SO 2