The Brief Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (BOCS): A self-report scale for OCD and obsessive–compulsive related disorders (original) (raw)
Related papers
Molecular Psychiatry, 2006
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) encompasses a broad range of symptoms representing multiple domains. This complex phenotype can be summarized using a few consistent and temporally stable symptom dimensions. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS). This scale measures the presence and severity of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms within six distinct dimensions that combine thematically related obsessions and compulsions. The DY-BOCS includes portions to be used as a self-report instrument and portions to be used by expert raters, including global ratings of OC symptom severity and overall impairment. We assessed 137 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD, aged 6-69 years, from sites in the USA, Canada and Brazil. Estimates of the reliability and validity of both the expert and self-report versions of the DY-BOCS were calculated. The internal consistency of each of the six symptom dimensions and the global severity score were excellent. The interrater agreement was also excellent for all component scores. Self-report and expert ratings were highly intercorrelated. The global DY-BOCS score was highly correlated with the total Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale score (Pearson r = 0.82, P < 0.0001). Severity scores for individual symptom dimensions were largely independent of one another, only modestly correlated with the global ratings, and were also differentially related to ratings of depression, anxiety and tic severity. These results indicate that the DY-BOCS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing multiple aspects of OCD symptom severity in natural history, neuroimaging, treatment response and genetic studies when administered by expert clinicians or their highly trained staff.
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2008
The OCI-R is a psychometrically sound and valid self-report scale measuring the major symptoms of OCD on six dimensions: Checking, Washing, Ordering, Hoarding, Obsessing, and Neutralizing. Information is needed on its ability to discriminate OCD from depression. In this study, reliability and convergent, divergent, and known-groups validity of an authorized German version were examined in 381 patients with OCD, other anxiety and depressive disorders. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the original six-factor structure in each sample. Moreover, results indicated good convergent, divergent, and known-groups validity for the full scale and the subscales in each sample, only a slight construct overlap between OCD and depression, anxiety, pathological worry, and perfectionism, and the relationships of the subscales with obsessive-compulsive personality features supported its construct validity. Previous findings for the original scale were replicated and extended in a different cultural context. However, the domains Neutralizing and Obsessions need further development. #
Assessment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: A review
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2008
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects approximately 2-3% of the adult population and is considered a debilitating and costly disorder, with associated impairments spanning the social, occupational, and familial domains. Although effective treatments of OCD exist, many individuals who suffer from OCD go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, preventing them from obtaining appropriate treatment. As a result, making improvements to the assessment and diagnosis of OCD remains an important area of focus for research and clinical practice. This paper provides a critical review of instruments used in the assessment and diagnosis of OCD as well as a review of adjunctive measures used to assess associated symptoms. Types of instruments reviewed include diagnostic interviews, self-report questionnaires, family-report questionnaires, and clinician-administered inventories. Discussion of each instrument includes information regarding the pragmatics of administration and the psychometric properties of each instrument, as well as an evaluation of each instrument's strengths and weaknesses. We conclude by providing a synthesis of the literature and highlighting directions for future research. #
The validation of a new obsessive-compulsive disorder scale: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory
Psychological Assessment, 1998
The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI) is a new self-report instrument developed to address the problems inherent in available instruments for determining the diagnosis and severity of obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). The OCI consists of 42 items composing 7 subscales: Washing, Checking, Doubting, Ordering, Obsessing (i.e., having obsessional thoughts). Hoarding, and Mental Neutralizing. Each item is rated on a 5-point (0-4) Likert scale of symptom frequency and associated distress. One hundred and forty-seven individuals diagnosed with OCD; 58 with generalized social phobia; 44 with posttraumatic stress disorder; and 194 nonpatients completed the OCI and other measures of OCD, anxiety, and depression. The present article describes the psychometrics of the OCI including (a) scale construction and content validity, (b) reliability (internal consistency and retest reliability), and (c) convergent and discriminant validity. The OCI exhibited satisfactory reliability and validity with all 4 samples.
The usefulness of the Obsessive Compulsive Scale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1995
The reliability and validity of the SCL-90-R Obsessive Compulsive Scale were examined using a multi-trait multi-method approach in a sample of 54 outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The OC scale proved to be internally consistent. Evidence for convergent validity was mixed, and the results suggest poor divergent and criterion-related validities. The scale demonstrated sensitivity to changes with behavioral treatment. Overall, the SCL-90-R proved to be a poor measure of OCD symptoms.
Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2021
Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) are common mental disorders, whichespecially without treatmentmay take a chronic course. Although they often remain undetected, there is a lack of short and valid screening instruments. With the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale-Short Form (DOCS-SF) a screening instrument is available in Norwegian. The aims of the current analogue study were to develop and to validate English and German versions of the DOCS-SF. Methods: In the online surveys, 304 German and 187 English-speaking students participated. In addition to the DOCS-SF, they answered a battery of established questionnaires on OCD, depression and anxiety. For determining retest reliability, 51 German students participated in another survey. Results: Results confirmed the single factor structure of the DOCS-SF and indicated good internal consistency (α = 0.89) as well as retest reliability (r = 0.75). Concerning convergent validity, the DOCS-SF was strongly correlated with other OCD scales. Although correlations with anxiety were strong as well, correlations with measures of depression, health anxiety, disgust, and health-related well-being were significantly weaker. Discussion: The DOCS-SF appears to be a short, reliable, and valid screening instrument for OCD. Subsequent studies should further investigate its divergent validity, and its diagnostic accuracy in clinical populations.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale—Second Edition
Psychological Assessment, 2010
al., 1989) is acknowledged as the gold standard measure of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptom severity. A number of areas where the Y-BOCS may benefit from revision have emerged in past psychometric studies of the Severity Scale and Symptom Checklist. Therefore, we created the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale-Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II) by revising the Severity Scale item content and scoring framework, integrating avoidance into the scoring of Severity Scale items, and modifying the Symptom Checklist content and format. One hundred thirty treatment-seeking adults with OCD completed a battery of measures assessing OCD symptom severity and typology and depressive and anxious symptomology. Interrater and test-retest reliability were assessed on a subsample of participants. The Y-BOCS-II showed strong internal consistency for the Symptom Checklist (Kuder-Richardson-20 ϭ .91) and Severity Scale (␣ ϭ .89). Test-retest and interrater reliabilities were both high (intraclass correlations Ͼ .85). Confirmatory factor analyses did not show adequate fit with previous models of the Y-BOCS. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution generally consistent with the Obsession and Compulsion Severity subscales. Construct validity was supported by strong correlations with clinician-rated measures of OCD symptom severity and moderate correlations with measures of worry and depressive symptoms. Taken together, the Y-BOCS-II has excellent psychometric properties in assessing the presence and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Although the Y-BOCS remains a reliable and valid measure, the Y-BOCS-II may provide an alternative method of assessing symptom presence and severity.