Relationship between Body Mass Index and Skinfold Thickness in Exercised and Sedentary Boys and Girls (original) (raw)
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Relationships between body mass index and skinfold thickness of exercised and sedentary young adults
African Educational Research Journal, 2020
Both body mass index (BMI) and sum of skinfold thickness (SST) are interchangeably used in the assessment of body composition in young adults. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relationship between BMI and SST in young adults depending regular physical activity. The data were collected from a total of 611 young participants including 500 males and 111 females aged 18 to 21 years old students with cross sectional design. The volunteer participants of this study were divided into 4 groups as exercised males (EM), sedentary males (SM), exercised females (EF) and sedentary females (SF), respectively. SST measurements were taken by the Holtain skinfold caliper. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to determine the relationships between due to correlational design of this study. This study showed that the significant relationship between BMI and SST in females was higher than in males depending on exercise participation. The correlations between BMI and SST were highest for EF, second highest for SM and the lowest for EM and SF. In general, males appear to have twice the average SST of females. In conclusion, the relationship between BMI and SST varies depending on the height and body weight, gender and participation in physical activity. In the absence of valid and complex method, the body fat percentage can be strongly estimated by BMI in exercised females than sedentary counterparts.
Body mass index and skinfold thickness measurements as indicators of obesity in adolescents
Objective: To assess prevalence of overweight and obesity in government and private school adolescents by using BMI and measurements of skinfold thickness as parameter of obesity and to evaluate diagnostic value of skinfold thickness measurement as compared to BMI in identifying overweight and obese adolescents. Methods: This was questionnaire based, voluntary response prospective study. Data were collected from 600 adolescents aged between 10-19 years divided equally between government and private school of both genders. Height, weight and skinfold thickness (Triceps skinfold and Subscapular skinfold) were measured.BMI calculated. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were determined and TSFT and SSFT compared with BMI as obesity parameters. Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity were significantly less in government school adolescents as compared to private school (7% vs 21.67% and 3.33% vs 8.33% respectively)(p<0.001 significant). TSFT in comparison to BMI carried sensitivity 49.59%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value100%, negative predictive value 88.70% and efficacy 89.83%. SSFT in comparison to BMI carried sensitivity 41.32%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 87.09% and efficacy 88.17%. Correlation of BMI with TSFT(r=0.508) and SSFT(r=0.604) was significant (p<0.001). Correlation of TSFT and SSFT with age was not significant. Correlation of TSFT and SSFT with genders (in both boys and girls) was found significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: BMI measures body weight. It cannot give accurate assessment of body composition or body fat. Skinfold thickness measurements are better predictors for body fat in both boys and girls which do not correlates with age.
International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2020
Background: Body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness are widely used to evaluate body composition. Information on patterns of skinfold thickness may help to understand changes in body composition during growth. The objectives of this study were to observe patterns of BMI, percentage body fat (%BF), and skinfold thicknesses of Indonesian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. Methods: Weight, height, and four skinfold thicknesses were measured in 2104 school children (924 boys, 1,180 girls) aged 7-18 years from Yogyakarta between 2015 and 2018. BMI and ratios between central and peripheral skinfold thicknesses were determined. %BF was predicted using the equation of Slaughter et al. Data were analyzed using analysis variance (ANOVA), independent sample t-test, and partial correlation (SPSS version 20.0). Results: At 7-18 years, boys and girls showed a comparable gain in BMI. The comparable gain in %BF between boys and girls only occurred till age 10 and total skinfolds till age 11 years. While, %BF and skinfold thicknesses were higher in girls at 12-17 years, central to peripheral skinfold ratio were higher in boys. Partial correlation analyses showed that all skinfold thickness parameters and %BF were significantly correlated with BMI (P < 0.001; r = 0.19-0.87). Conclusions: The gain in BMI and skinfold thickness between the ages of 7 and 18 years occurred in age-and sex-specific patterns. Instead of comparable BMI, girls showed higher means of total skinfold thickness from age 12 years, while boys had higher central to peripheral adiposity ratio.
Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 2022
Objective: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents increased dramatically. Reduced regular physical activity (PA) is considered one of the major factors behind this worldwide epidemic and related health problems. This study aimed to determine the association between PA level and body composition components in 12-14 years old girls and boys living in Altındağ district, Ankara. Materials and methods: A total of 234 boys and 224 girls aged 12-14 years participated in this study. PA level was assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and body composition was measured by bioelectric impedance. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests were used in data analysis. Results: Findings of the study showed that children aged 12 years had higher total PA score than aged 13 and 14 years (p<0.05), showing decreased PA level with age. Boys had significantly higher total PA score in all age grou...
Annals of Human Biology, 2003
The Body Mass Index (BMI) has been widely used as an indicator of nutritional status. However, its signifi cance isn't limited to clinical assessments, as it also refl ects the social, economic and health conditions of a given population. Literature reports heavy criticism over the use of BMI, particularly the cut-off points characterizing obesity, and highlights the need for studies taking into account the index's sensitivity and specifi city in different populations. The purpose of this study is to examine BMI's sensitivity and specifi city to assess obesity in 1022 male and female individuals divided into two age groups (20 to 30 and 31 to 40). The cut-off points to determine obesity were the following: fat percent (%F) ³ 25% and BMI ³ 28 kg.m-2 for men and (%F) ³ 30% and BMI ³ 27 kg.m-2 for women. The results for both sexes, in general and divided according to age groups (except for the 31-40 age group on males), showed high specifi city and sensitivity to identify obesity. False-negative values, indicating the incidence of non-obese individuals detected by BMI, were low. On the other hand, the false-positive values were high, revealing a trend to overestimate body fat in non-obese individuals with values bordering with the cut-off points characterizing obesity. Such results allow us to conclude that BMI proved valid, at least in the sample for this study.
Anthropological Review, 2000
The study is aimed at evaluation of the effect of regular physical activity on total and subcutaneous body fat and its distribution in boys aged 10 to 16 years. A three-year longitudinal study was carried out in order to monitor physical development in 237 boys from sports schools and regular schools in Warsaw, Poland. The boys were selected so that their rate of puberty changes was similar based on evaluation of voice and facial hair. The authors measured 5 skinfolds in the following sites: triceps, calf, subscapular, suprailiac, and abdominal skinfolds. The percentage fraction of total body fat in body mass was measured by means of Tanita TBF 300 electronic body composition analyser. A limb fat to trunk fat ratio (LF/TF) was also calculated in order to evaluate the type of distribution of subcutaneous fat in boys and monitor its changes as affected by regular high physical activity throughout puberty. Lower total body fat and subcutaneous fat in boys from sports schools was the effect of considerably higher physical activity. It was demonstrated that with some minimal values of total body fat and subcutaneous fat, physical activity did not cause a reduction in body fat. It was found that elevated physical activity in boys is conducive to development of a more limb-oriented (peripheral) fatness, which is more favourable to human health.
Body Composition and Anthropometric Indicators in Children and Adolescents 6–15 Years Old
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The problem of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has now become a major public health challenge worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of age and gender on body composition components and anthropometric indices of children and adolescents aged 6–15 years; in addition, the study aimed to assess body composition indices in relation to BMI (Body Mass Index) levels. The study was conducted at the end of 2019 and in the first quarter of 2020 among 181 pupils attending primary schools. Waist circumference, hip circumference, body weight, and body height were measured. The collected data were used to calculate and then to analyse BMI, WHR (Waist-Hip Ratio), and WHtR (Waist to Height Ratio) indices. Body composition was determined with the use of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). The analyses’ statistics were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 and Excel. The statistical methods used included Chi2 tests of independence, one-factor analysis...
Body mass index has a curvilinear relationship with the percentage of body fat among children
BMC Research …, 2011
Background: Body Mass Index (BMI), which is defined as the ratio between weight (in kg) and height (in m 2 ), is often used in clinical practice as well as in large scale epidemiological studies to classify subjects as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese. Although BMI does not directly measure the percentage of Body Fat (BF%), it is widely applied because it is strongly related with BF%, it is easy to measure and it is an important predictor of mortality. Among children, age and sex-specific reference values of BMI, known as percentiles, are used. However, it is not clear how strong the relationship between BMI and BF% is among children and whether the association is linear. We performed a cross-sectional study aiming at evaluating the strength and shape of the relationship between BMI and BF% among school-aged children aged 6-12 years. Findings: The study was conducted on a sample of 361 football-playing male children aged 6 to 12 years in Rome, Italy. Age, weight, height and skinfold thickness were collected. BF% was estimated using 4 skinfold equations whereas BMI was converted into BMI-for-age z-score. The relationship between these variables was examined using linear regression analyses. Mean BMI was 18.2 (± 2.8), whereas BF% was influenced by the skinfold equation used, with mean values ranging from 15.6% to 23.0%. A curvilinear relationship between BMI-for-age zscore and BF % was found, with the regression line being convex. The association between BMI-for-age zscore and BF% was stronger among overweight/obese children than among normal/underweight children. This curvilinear pattern was evident in all 4 skinfold equations used. Conclusions: The association between BMI-for-age zscore and BF% is not linear among male children aged 6-12 years and it is stronger among overweight and obese subjects than among normal and underweight subjects. In this age group, BMI is a valid index of adiposity only among overweight and obese subjects.
Investigation of Physical Activity Levels and Body Compositions of Adolescent Boys and Girls
Ethno Med, 2015
The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical activity and body composition of boys and girls between 14 and 18 years of age studying in high school. The research comprises 532 people without any health problems, including 279 girls and 253 boys, who participated voluntarily. An independent t-test, the Pearson Correlation test and Chi-square test were used. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the pedometer values of boys (12377.59 ± 4245.16) and girls (9438.95 ± 2806.01). In the standard of Body Mass Index (BMI) values, girls were average and below by seventy-six percent, overweight by 17.2 percent, obese by 6.8 percent, while boys were average and below by 75.1 percent, overweight by 18.6 percent, and obese by 6.3 percent. A significant relationship was found at a level of p<0.05 between the daily step counts and BMI variables of boys (r=-.156) and girls (r=-.121). Consequently, improving the physical activity level is thought to be a factor inhibiting obesity.