Factors influencing the physico-chemical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of some chemically modified starches for food applications—A review (original) (raw)

Customizing Starch Properties: A Review of Starch Modifications and Their Applications

Polymers

Starch has been a convenient, economically important polymer with substantial applications in the food and processing industry. However, native starches present restricted applications, which hinder their industrial usage. Therefore, modification of starch is carried out to augment the positive characteristics and eliminate the limitations of the native starches. Modifications of starch can result in generating novel polymers with numerous functional and value-added properties that suit the needs of the industry. Here, we summarize the possible starch modifications in planta and outside the plant system (physical, chemical, and enzymatic) and their corresponding applications. In addition, this review will highlight the implications of each starch property adjustment.

Chemical Modifications of Starch; A Prospective for Sweet Potato Starch

Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences

The current review presents the potential chemical modifications and applications of sweet potato starch in food and non-food industries. Native starch in general and particularly sweet potato starch characteristics have several functional features and applications in biomedicine as well as in the food industry. Modified starch is expected to enhance such characteristics as discussed in this review. For instance, due to the polymeric and branching nature of starch; the starch is usually less soluble, absorbs less water and oil, and shows a strong ability to bind to iodine. Also, native starches have significantly lower digestibility values under enzymatic treatment. Starch modifications, therefore are designed to enhance one or more of the above-mentioned limitations; thereby, modification of starch can alter the physicochemical characteristics of the native starch to improve its functional characteristic. Starches can be modified using physical methods (annealing, heat moisture tre...

Functional properties of three native starches and their modified derivatives

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences

Starches were isolated from cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifollium), white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) and bitter yam (Dioscorea dumentorum). Starch modification was carried out using acetic anhydride and phthalic anhydride. The native and modified starches were characterized using Fourier Transformed Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) for identification of the functional groups. Functional properties such as water absorption capacities, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, solubility, gelation temperature, least gelation capacity, amylose content and pH were determined using standard procedures. Acetylation increased the water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, amylose content, and solubility of the starches while phthalation decreased water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and solubility of the starches. Native cocoyam starch has the highest gelation temperature (85 °C) while Acetylated bitter yam has the lowest gelation temperature...

Non-Traditional Starches, Their Properties, and Applications

Foods

This review paper focuses on the recent advancements in the large-scale and laboratory-scale isolation, modification, and characterization of novel starches from accessible botanical sources and food wastes. When creating a new starch product, one should consider the different physicochemical changes that may occur. These changes include the course of gelatinization, the formation of starch–lipids and starch–protein complexes, and the origin of resistant starch (RS). This paper informs about the properties of individual starches, including their chemical structure, the size and crystallinity of starch granules, their thermal and pasting properties, their swelling power, and their digestibility; in particular, small starch granules showed unique properties. They can be utilized as fat substitutes in frozen desserts or mayonnaises, in custard due to their smooth texture, in non-food applications in biodegradable plastics, or as adsorbents. The low onset temperature of gelatinization (...

Effect of Chemical Modification By Oxidation and Esterification Process On Properties of Starch: A Review

Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies

Starch is a carbohydrate or polysaccharide consisting of a large number of glucose units linked through glycosidic bonds and containing different amounts of amylose and amylopectin as macromolecules. Starch modification can be done physically, chemically, and enzymatically. The process of chemical modification of starch aims to separate the long glucose chains from the polymer molecules in order to reduce the high viscosity of the unmodified starch solution and thus maximize the possible amount of starch in technical applications This modification involves exploiting the many hydroxyl groups present in starch granules to introduce functional groups, resulting in changes in physicochemical and functional properties such as gelatinization, paste, and retrogradation properties of starch. Esterification and oxidation are types of chemical modification processes that can be applied to improve starch characteristics. However, the chemical modification process did not affect the morphology...