Screening of Ten Maize Varieties, Zea Mays (L.) For Resistance Against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) from Different Zones of Nigeria and Ghana (original) (raw)
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PLOS ONE, 2020
Maize (Zea mays L) is one of main nutrients sources for humans and animals worldwide. In Africa, storage of maize ensures food resources availability throughout the year. However, it often suffers losses exceeding 20% due to insects such as the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera; Bostrichidae), major pest of stored maize in the tropical countries. This study aims to select resistant varieties to reduce maize storage losses and explain the physicochemical parameters role in grains susceptibility. In the first study, maize grains were artificially infested under no-choice method with insects. Susceptibility parameters such as weight loss, grain damage, number of emerged insects, median development time and susceptibility index varied significantly through maize varieties. Dobie susceptibility index (SI) was assessed as a major indicator of resistance. The most resistant varieties were Early-Thaï, DMR-ES and Tzee-Yellow. Conversely, Synth-9243, Obatampa and Synth-C varieties were susceptible. SWAN, Across-Pool and Tzee-White were classified as moderately resistant varieties. The insect reproductive potential was significantly different in the nine maize varieties and Early-Thaï, DMR-ES and Tzee-Yellow varieties were the least favourable host. To assess the relationship between grains physicochemical characteristics and varietal susceptibility, moisture, total phenolics, palmitic acid, proteins, amylose, density and grain hardness were evaluated according to standardized methods. Palmitic acid, SI, insects emerged and grain damage were significantly and positively correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with grains hardness, phenolics and amylose contents. Maize susceptibility index was significantly and negatively correlated to amylose, and phenolics contents and positively correlated to palmitic acid content. This
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2015
Eight maize varieties from International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan and two from local market were analyzed for their chemical and physical compositions. Thereafter, They were evaluated in no-choice test at 29-36 o C and 51-85% R.H against four populations of adult Prostepanus. truncatus originating from three geographical locations in Nigeria and one from Ghana. The varieties exhibited varying degrees of susceptibility and loss to P. truncatus attack with Yellow Mangu Jos recording the largest insect population (12.78+1.2) and suffered highest weight loss (8.73+3.1%) and damage (17.58+3.1%). The maize varieties differed in their chemical and physical parameters and their responses to P. truncatus attack were significantly different (P < 0.05). There were positive and significant correlations between total adult population and carbohydrate level (r =0.506, P< 0.05), weight loss and carbohydrate (r = 0.503, P< 0.05). Results obtained from the treatment ...
Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2013
The performance of different maize varieties aginst Sitophilus zeamais infestation was evaluated in a laboratory. Seventeen maize varieties comprising fourteen hybrids (ACR.97 TZL COMP.1-W, ACR.8328 BNC7, TZL COMP.4C2, OBA SUPER 1 and 2, SINE 9449-SR, IWD SYN C3F2, TZL COMP.1SYN STR-Y, TZSR White and Yellow; 95TZEE-W, MASYN VAR-3 F2, ADV.NCRE-STR and BG 97 TZE COMP.3XL) and three local cultivars (Akparike, Bende and Ogbia muno) were screened to ascertain their level of susceptibility to S. zeamais in the study area. Number of adults that emerged from the 17 varieties differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) and ranged from 2.00 for the improved variety ADV.NCRE-STR to 62.0 in the local cultivar Bende. Significantly higher weight losses were recorded on local cultivars. Heavier males emerged from the local cultivars Akparike and Bende and lighter (P ≤ 0.05) weights were recorded on Oba super 1, TZL Comp.4C2, TZSR White, ADV.NCRE-STR and MASYN VAR-3F2. Grain hardness test showed that the hybrid variety MASYN VAR-3F2 (275.12N) was the hardest followed by TZSR-Y (259.42N) and the softest were local varieties Akparike (116.62N) and Bende (91.65N). Seed coat thickness result indicated that the local variety Akparike (0.38mm) had the highest value of seed coat thickness followed by MASYN VAR-3F2 (0.22mm) and the least seed coat thickness was BG 97 TZE COMP.3XL (0.03mm). Results indicated that the local cultivars commonly cultivated in the Niger Delta (Bende, Akparike and Ogbia muno) supported higher S. zeamais adult progeny than the improved varieties which had harder seeds and thicker coats. The fact that Akparike which has thick testa was susceptible shows that physical factors alone are not responsible for the observed resistance.
Plant Protection Science, 2013
Crude powders of Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara, and Tephrosia vogelii, each at six concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10% w/w), and Actellic Super<sup>TM</sup> 2% dust were evaluated for repellence anti-feeding and toxicity to adult Prostephanus truncatus. Treatments were laid out in a completely randomised design with four replicates. Results showed that powders were strongly repellent (PR values 73.0–90.0%) and caused 46.2–52.2 and 69.7–85.6% reductions in grain damage and F<sub>1</sub> progeny, respectively. Results showed that powders were weakly toxic to P. truncatus causing 40% kill 21 days after treatment compared to 100% kill by Actellic Super<sup>TM</sup>2% dust 5 DAT. The findings are discussed in the context of their relevance for integrated pest management options in smallholder agriculture.
EJSSD, 2024
In Ethiopia, over nine million farmers produce maize on about 14% of the total land area. It serves as food and feed. Various arthropod pests destroy maize in traditional storage. Larger grain borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) is a devastating storage pest that constrain stored maize in Eastern Africa and beyond. This study was aimed at surveying whether the LGB has been infesting stored maize in southern Ethiopia or not. Community based cross sectional survey was conducted in four purposively selected kebeles in Baka Dawula Ari District in South Omo Zone of South Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State. A total of three maize cobs were picked from each type of storage structure in three replications from every study Kebele. Then, the cobs were taken to the Laboratory of Entomology and Vertebrate Zoology of Arba Minch Plant Health Clinic and the pest species were identified by the use of binocular microscope. A total of 11 species of arthropod pests were identified from the stored maize. P. truncatus was found to be one of the most severely damaging of stored maize. This pest was recorded infesting maize grain in Ethiopia for the first time by this study. It is concluded that LGB has already entered into Ethiopia, it has already been established and it is devastating stored maize. Immediate integrated control of the LGB shall be implemented. A survey of countrywide geographical distribution of the LGB shall be held in order to design large-scale management practices of the pest.
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1998
A storage experiment was conducted in Bante Â, central Benin between autumn 1994 and spring 1995. The maize was harvested 1, 3, and 7 weeks after physiological maturity and stored for up to eight months. The main results were: (a) Leaving the maize in the ®eld for extended periods after physiological maturity resulted in severe grain losses after eight months of storage; (b) Most of the grain losses were attributed to Prostephanus truncatus; (c) Early harvested maize had a higher proportion of mouldy grain; (d) Harvest date had no consistent effect on the level of a¯atoxin contamination; (e) Based on a participatory evaluation of maize quality by local farmers, the economic value of maize stored for eight months was highest in maize harvested three weeks after physiological maturity.
2017
Maize (Zea Mays L.) is the most important food crop in Kenya including coastal region. Kilifi and Kwale Counties account half of all the maize production in the region. The coastal region has food deficit because it produces 50,000 tonnes of maize per year, while the demand is 22 m tonnes. High poverty levels in the region are mostly due to low average maize yield as a result of low soil moisture availability due to low and erratic rainfall, and losses due to storage pests. Losses in maize grain yield which are caused by the maize weevil (Sitophylus zeamais M.) and the larger grain borer (LGB) (Prostephanus truncates H.) among post harvest pests ranges between 15 to 60%. Despite the availability of improved maize varieties in the coastal region, farmers still grow the local coastal maize landraces (LCML). The research was to study LCML in an effort to understand why farmers prefer to grow them in spite of released improved maize open pollinated varieties (OPVs) and hybrids. The obje...
Journal of Stored Products Research, 1994
A survey was carried out into the occurrence of insect pests infesting rural stores in five regions of Mexico. Stores were sampled using pheromone-baited crevice traps, bait-bags and maize samples every 28 d for an entire storage season. Maize and store temperatures, and grain moisture content were measured. The most numerous primary pests were Sitophilus zeamais Motsch., Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) and Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). P. truncatus was more abundant in stores in the drier, temperate regions of Guanajuato, La Laguna and Jalisco than in the more tropical regions, Veracruz or Chiapas. In La Laguna (and to some extent in Jalisco), many more P. truncatus were detected in the store using the crevice trap than were counted in the maize samples, perhaps because crevice traps may attract beetles from outside the store. La Laguna and Chiapas had significantly fewer larvae of P. truncatus in the samples than other regions, probably a result of the lower grain moisture content. Grain damage levels were very low in La Laguna and they occurred later in Guanajuato than elsewhere. The three pest species causing most damage were S. zeamais, S. cerealella and P. truncatus. It is suggested that P. truncatus was important in causing damage primarily in Guanajuato, whereas S. zeamais and S. cerealella caused more damage elsewhere, particularly in more humid areas.