Efficacy of organic matter and some bio-inoculants for the management of root-knot nematode infesting tomato (original) (raw)
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Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 2020
A field experiment was conducted in the field of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute to find out the efficacy of organic amendments viz. poultry refuse, rice bran , fresh saw dust, dry saw dust, tea waste and a nematicide Furadan 5G against root-knot disease (Meloidogyne incognita) of tomato during three consecutive years viz. 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15. Soil was treated with different organic amendments 10 days before seedling transplanting and Furadan 5G was applied on the day of seedling transplanting of tomato. The soils of the experimental plots were inoculated with chopped severely galled (M. incognita) roots of tomato at the time of treatment application. In all the years, considerable reduction in root-knot disease and increase in plant growth and fruit yield were achieved with different treatments and Furadan 5G. The most effective treatment was poultry refuse followed by rice bran and Furadan 5G. In 1 st year, 2 nd year and 3 rd year, gall index values were 5.16, 4.94 and 6.27 under control, respectively. The severity was reduced to 59.11-64.53% in 1 st year, 50.60-60.72% in 2 nd year and 48.96-55.34% in the 3 rd year compared to control due to application of the rice bran, Furadan 5G and poultry refuse. On the other hand, fruit yield under control was 44.82 t/ha at 1 st year 49.73 t/ha in 2 nd year and 36.95 t/ha at 3 rd year. The highly effective three treatments increased fruit yield to 11.02-29.90% in 1 st year, 17.17-30.56% in 2 nd year and 23.39-35.02% in the 3 rd year compared to control. The fruit yield of tomato was directly and linearly correlated with gall indices in tomato gall. Based on the findings of present the study poultry refuse and rice bran noted as an effective treatment to manage root-knot disease of tomato.
Applied Soil Ecology, 2012
The nematicidal potential of four commercial bioproducts containing the bio-agents Bacillus megaterium (Bioarc ®), Trichoderma album (Biozeid ®), Trichoderma harzianum (Plant Gard ®) and Ascophyllum nodosum (Algaefol ®) against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infecting tomato, was assessed in a glasshouse. Their activity was compared with that of oxamyl or carbofuran. The effect of the treatments on the growth parameters of tomato plants was also examined. All treatments were significantly superior over the untreated check in reducing the root galls and J 2 of the nematode in the soil, except T. harzianum at 10 and 25 ml/kg soil against J 2 , which was equal to control treatment. Among the bioproducts, B. megaterium at 10 g/kg soil achieved the highest significant reduction in the number of root galling (89.20%) followed by T. album (87.77%), A. nodosum (86.96%) and T. harzianum (69.79%). The highest rate of the tested bioproducts gave the greatest reduction in galls and significantly higher than that of oxamyl or carbofuran. In addition, all the products found to be high efficient in reducing J 2 and caused more than 97% reduction in the soil. The efficacy of the tested bioproducts in reducing the root galls and J 2 in the soil increased in a dose dependent manner. Significant increases in shoot length occurred in A. nodosum (25 ml/kg) and T. album (20 g/kg) while T. harzianum (50 ml/kg) significantly decreased the shoot length and weight compared to the untreated inoculated plants. B. megaterium (10 and 20 g/kg) and T. album (5 and 10 g/kg) significantly increased shoot weight. All treatments did not significantly differ from those of untreated inoculated plants except A. nodosum (25 ml/kg) in the case of root length and B. megaterium and A. nodosum at all tested rates in the case of root weight. Generally, the results indicate that the tested microbial products could prove to be one component in integrated root-knot nematode management on tomatoes.
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2015
A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of inoculations of biological nitrogen fixers using Azotobacter and Azospirillum individually and concomitantly with different recommended doses of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and organic matter in the form of sesame (Sesame indicum) cake on the growth, yield and quality traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) in relation to the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. The multiplication rate, egg masses, and root-galls per plant of these nematodes were reduced significantly by the individual inoculation of biological nitrogen fixers as well as with organic matter; while concomitant inoculation of bio-inoculants showed a synergistic effect in increasing crop growth and yield. Azospirillum was found to be more effective than Azotobacter. The highest improvement was recorded in the yield and growth parameters, plant height, fresh and dry weights, percent pollen fertility, green fruits yield per plant, chlorophyll content and ascorbic acid content when these biological nitrogen fixers were added concomitantly in various combinations. The Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) contents in plants and in soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations whenever these bio-fertilizers were inoculated and thus, reduce the fertilizers needed for commercial tomato production. The best results were obtained with 100% recommended dose of nitrogenous fertilizers along with the bio-fertilizers and farm yard manure.
This investigation was done to explore the effect of bio-products including abamectin, emamectin and biosal on the different stages (J2 to adult) of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). The effects of three bio-products on development of J2 were investigated by inoculating 15-days old seedlings of tomato with 1,000 J2. Plants were harvested after 7, 17 and 35 days after inoculation. The invasion and J2 development was assessed at 7, 17 days of harvest whereas 35 days of harvest provided the effect of bio-products on reproduction of M. incognita. Minimum invasion and development of M. incognita on roots of tomato plants treated with abamectin were observed followed by emamectin and biosal as compared to control.
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
Anexperiment trial was conducted during 2018-19 for the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita through bio-agents as soil application on tomato in micro plots. M icro-plot was filled with root-knot nematode infested soil (520 IJs/100 cc soil) brought from the pure culture field. Bioagents viz., Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were added to soil @ 2.5 and 5.0 g per m 2. Standard check (Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha) and control were also maintained for comparison. Results of bio-agent and dose interaction have indicated that P. lilacinum @ 5.0 g per m 2 was found best followed by P. fluorescens @ 5.0 g per m 2 and T. harzianum @ 5.0 g per m 2. However, T. viride 2.5 kg/ha was found superior in respect to plant yield and reducing nematode reproduction on tomato in comparison to all other treatments.
2016
The experiment was conducted at farmer’s field during 2014 and 2015. Tomato seedlings raised in naturally infested nursery. Seedlings were lifted after 45 days of sowing and root-dip treatments were given by different plant extracts viz., Neem (Azadirachta indica), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and Aak (Calotropis gigantea) of 20 and 30 per cent concentrations and chemical viz., Imidacloprid of 2 and 3 per cent concentration exposure period was 4 hours. 30 % botanical extract of Neem (A. indica) and 3 % Imidacloprid was found effective. Reduced final nematode population (14183, 13072 and 13628) and increased tomato yield (237.50, 251.04 and 244.27 q/ha) in rest of the treatments in 2014, 2015 and pooled as compared to control. Individually Neem (A. indica) botanical extract was better over other botanicals dip to register lowest RKI at harvest (3.20, 3.01 and 3.10), reduced final nematode population (14163, 11852 and 13008) and yield was recorded maximum (237.50, 250.00 and 243.75 q/ha...
The suppressive effects of six species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against Meloidogyne incognita infected tomato were assessed in two separate trials under greenhouse conditions. The tested EPN species were Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. megidis, H. zealandica, Steinernema feltiae, S. glaseri and S. riobravae. In the first trial , EPNs were applied as a liquid suspension of alive or dead infective juveniles (IJs) at rate of 5000 IJs/plant in sandy and clay soils, while in the second trial, two Galleria mellonella infected cadavers of six-day old per plant were used in sandy soil. In the two experiments, application of EPNs was accomplished simultaneously with inoculation of M. incognita. Carbofuran as a standard synthetic nematicide was used as comparison treatment at recommended rate of 0.2 g/plant. Control treatments received only water and M. incognita at rate of1000 IJs/ plant. Two months after inoculation, galling (as indicated by number of galls/plant) and reproduction (as indicated by number of egg masses /plant) as well as damage (as indicated by fresh and dry weight of areal parts) were assessed. Data showed that, treatment of carbofuran surpassed all other treatments in minifying galling and reproduction of M. incognita in sandy and clay soils. On the other hand, curative applications of alive or heat-killed IJs significantly (P≤ 0.05) diminished gall formation and egg mass production in tomato roots with slightly amelioration in fresh and dry weight of tomato shoot. Steinernematid species were more comparatively effective than heterorhabditid ones. General means for number of galls and egg masses for steinernematid species were 52.50 and 25.33 with percent reduction of 55.45 and 64.49 %, respectively. Whereas, the parallel values for heterorhabditid species were 69.67 and 36.33 with percent reduction of 40.88 and 49.07%, respectively compared to treatment of M. incognita alone. Treatments of alive IJs overwhelmed those of dead IJs in decreasing number of galls (with percent reduction of 56.53 and 39.79% respectively) and egg masses (with percent reduction of 63.16 and 50.39 %, successively). Moreover, utilization of two G. mellonella infected cadavers markedly lowered number of galls and egg masses and insignificantly (P≤ 0.05) improved plant growth parameters to certain extent. General means of percentage reduction in galls and egg masses were 58.46 and 54.74%, consecutively.
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2010
Glasshouse experiment was conducted to assess the impact of green chopped leaves of four test plants (Lantana camara, Ficus virens, Kigelia pinnata and Ficus bengalensis) and two nematicides (Phorate and Carbofuran) on the plant growth parameters of tomato cv. K25 and on the root-knot development. Results revealed that all the tested treatments significantly (p = 0.05) improved plant growth parameters and reduced root-knot development compared to control. Among the tested organic additives, chopped green leaves of Lantana camara added to soil gave the highest enhancement in plant growth parameters, including plant height, fresh and dry weight, number of fruits and fruit weight with the values of 94.2 cm, 106.8 g, 31.6 g, 7.2 and 153.3 g respectively, as well as a greater reduction of Meloidogyne javanica reproduction and development but exhibiting a lower response compared to nematicides. There was also significant reduction in root-knot development in tomato plants growing in other organic additive amended soil.
2016
Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causes significant economic losses to tomato production. Aqueous suspension of rapeseed cake and BioNem WP were evaluated for their effect on root-knot nematode in the laboratory, pot house, nursery and field conditions. In the laboratory, three concentrations of rapeseed cake extracts (5, 10 and 20%) and two concentrations of BioNem extracts (5 and 10%) significantly reduced (p<0.05) the nematode egg hatching as well as juvenile motility over the untreated control. Higher concentration of rapeseed cake (20%) proved most effective in reducing hatching and affecting motility. The application of 0.6 and 0.4 g/pot of BioNem both ten days before transplanting and at the time of transplanting resulted in less gall formation, number of eggs per egg mass and final nematode population over the untreated control in the pot house experiment. The incorporation of 600 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha of rapeseed cake and 150 and 75 kg/ ha of BioNem in the nurser...
Abamectin, fosthiazate and mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) and their combinations were evaluated against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) populations and galls formation on tomato plants cv. Super strain B under greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that fosthiazate and abamectin proved to be the most effective against the root-knot populations / 250g soil with 74.7 and 74% reductions, respectively. Abamectin alone and fosthiazate in the half dose mixed with G. intraradices which recorded reduction in galls formation by 60.7 and 59.7%, respectively. All treatments induced the growth of the shoot system, and the highest increase in shoot length (174.9%) was recorded with abamectin, while G. intraradices alone recorded the highest increase in shoot weight (56.8%). Abamectin in the half dose combined with the fungus G. intraradices produced the least increase in shoot length and weight.