Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association with Lifestyle, Diets, Socioeconomic and Sociodemographic in Asian Region (original) (raw)
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BMC Cancer, 2013
Background Despite salted fish being a classical risk factor of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC), whether secular trends in salted fish consumption worldwide accounted for changes in NPC rates were unknown. The relationship between vegetable and cigarette consumption to NPC risk worldwide were also largely uncertain. We investigated the longitudinal trends in standardised NPC incidence/mortality rates across 8 regions and their associations with secular trends in salted fish, vegetable and tobacco consumptions. Methods Age standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and age standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of NPC were obtained from the WHO cancer mortality database and Hong Kong Cancer Registry. Per capita consumption of salted fish, tobacco and vegetables in Hong Kong and 7 countries (China, Finland, Japan, Portugal, Singapore, United Kingdom and United States) were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO) and Hong Kong Trade and Census Statistics. Pear...
Acta medica Indonesiana, 2015
to know the relationship between salted fish consumption and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). we searched for the articles from PubMed® and ScienceDirect® based on our clinical question. After filtered with our in- and exclusion criteria, we had six articles about this topic, all of them were case-control studies. All articles were then critically appraised for their validity, importance, and applicability. there was no consistent relationship between salted fish consumption and NPC. Worth to note that those studies wo showed the firm relationship were conducted in Southern China, where the incidence of NPC was extremely high and related to specific Chineese-style salted fish consumption. there was an inconsistent relationship between salted fish consumption and NPC.
Chinese journal of cancer, 2017
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of NPC in the Singaporean population. We conducted a case-control study in Singapore with 300 patients and 310 controls who were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Each control was selected and individually matched to each patient based on sex, ethnicity, and age (±5 years). A total of 290 pairs of cases and controls were matched successfully. We examined lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, various salted and preserved food consumption, and weaning practices. After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis showed that those participants who were current smokers and had ever smoked tobacco had a higher risk of NPC than participants who had never smoked, with odds rat...
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
A case-control study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was conducted in northeast Thailand, a region which shows an intermediate risk for this neoplasm. The study was conducted to investigate the importance of environmental exposures, particularly salted fish consumption, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and occupational exposure to smoke or dust, as risk factors for the disease. Data from 120 nasopharyngeal cancer cases and the same number of hospital-matched controls indicated that consumption of sea-salted fish at least once a week was a significant risk factor (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.2). Agricultural workers were also at significantly higher risk (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-6.2), and working in agriculture or as a woodcutter was associated with an even higher risk (odds ratio, 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.3-28.2). There was no association between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and alcohol drinking or cigarette smoking.
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2005
A study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) families with two or more affected members was conducted in Taiwan (265 families with 2,444 individuals, 502 affected and 1,942 unaffected) to determine the association between NPC and potential etiologic factors in NPC high-risk families. Similar to results from a previous case-control study in Taiwan, Guangdong salted fish consumption during childhood, exposure to wood, and betel nut consumption were all associated with elevated NPC risk using conditional logistic regression, although these associations were not as strong as in the case-control study possibly due to shared environment among family members. Risk associated with cumulative wood exposure and salted fish consumption before age 10 was stronger in families with early NPC age-onset [odds ratio (ORwood), 5.10; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.50-17.34; ORfish, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.47-10.55] or three or more affected members (ORwood, 4.41; 95% CI, 1.58-12.30; ORfish, 4.27; 95% CI, 1....
Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Sarawak, East Malaysia
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Assessment Section, 2016). Studies have suggested strong links to heredity factors, smoking, as well as cultural practices such as the consumption of salted preserved foods (Yong et al., 2017). Worldwide cases of NPC increased from 86,500 in 2012 (0.6% of all cancers) to 129,000 in 2018 (0.7% of all cancers) to more than 133,000 cases 2020. However, more than two-thirds of these cases were reported in east and southeast Asia. The World Cancer Research Fund International reported in 2020, 8 countries from Southeast Asia were in the top 10 nations in terms of age-standardised rates (
Consumption of fruit, vegetables, and other food groups and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Cancer Causes & Control, 2013
Purpose The role of dietary habits in the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been extensively investigated in high-incidence areas, but evidence is scanty in low-incidence populations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NPC risk and a wide range of food groups in the Italian population. Methods We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Italy on 198, histologically confirmed, NPC cases of Caucasian ethnicity, aged 18-76 years. Controls were 594 Caucasian cancer-free patients admitted to general hospitals for acute conditions. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through logistic regression, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and energy intake.
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2021
Background The role of smoking in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains uncertain, especially in endemic regions. We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to investigate the associations between smoking exposure and risk of NPC. Methods We obtained individual participant data of 334 935 male participants from six eligible population-based cohorts in NPC-endemic regions, including two each in Guangzhou and Taiwan, and one each in Hong Kong and Singapore. We used one- and two-stage approaches IPD meta-analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NPC for smoking exposure adjusting for age and drinking status. Results During 2 961 315 person-years of follow-up, 399 NPC evens were ascertained. Risks of NPC were higher in ever versus never smokers (HRone-stage = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07-1.63, P = 0.0088; HRtwo-stage = 1.27, 1.01-1.60, 0.04). These positive associations ap...