Nutrition, pharmacological and training strategies adopted by six bodybuilders: case report and critical review (original) (raw)
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Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 2017
Many bodybuilders use anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) to potentiate muscle mass gain as a result of specific resistance training and nutrition. The case we describe hereafter outlines alterations in body composition of an amateur bodybuilder during his pre-competitive period (11 weeks). The Participant was a 28-year old Caucasian male who was aiming to participate in his first bodybuilding competition under the "Men's Physique" category. The Participant self-administered AAS for the whole pre-competitive period, followed a 13 set-meal plan consisting of 10 daily meals interspersed by approximately 2 h, and performed six high-volume resistance-training sessions a week. Body mass and anthropometric variables were measured at the beginning, during and at the end of his pre-competitive period. Dietetic analysis revealed a reduction in protein intake at the 10th (% decrease: −51.3%) and 11th weeks (% decrease: −64.5%) and in calorie intake at the 10th (% decrease: −57.9%) and 11th weeks (% decrease: −59.5%) in comparison to the 1st week. As a result, the Participant reduced both total body mass and fat percentage. However, there was a reduction in absolute fat free mass, despite the use of AAS. Apparently, the combination of excessive volumes of training with inadequate protein consumption was responsible for this outcome.
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 2018
The paper aims to analyze body composition and biochemical profile alterations in amateur bodybuilders during the cutting phase of a contest preparation, and to discuss them in light of scientific evidence. For the purpose of this study, bodybuilders and coaches provided details of drug administration, supplement use and training schedule. The four participants were two men competing in different Men's Physique categories, one woman in the Wellness category, and one woman competing in the Bikini category. Participants were evaluated for anthropometry and body composition before and after the cutting phase. There was an evident decrease in body fat for most of the participants during the cutting phase without evident loss of fat-free mass. In general, participants performed high volume resistance training combined with aerobic training. Regarding drug administration, participants used high doses of anabolic androgen steroids (AAS), combined with clenbuterol, thyroid hormone, and ephedrine. Blood analysis revealed alterations in lipid profiles, with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. There were marked alterations in markers of liver (aspartate aminotransferase) and cardiac (MB isoenzyme creatine kinase) damage. Our analysis suggests that the strategies adopted by bodybuilders during the pre-contest phase (high use of AAS and stimulant-based substances) may result in an increased risk of heart disease and liver dysfunction.
Journal of life science and applied research, 2023
Nutrition programs, proper guidance, and supplements (hormonal and non-hormonal supplements) that enhance muscle mass could be key factors for bodybuilders to reach their goals with a correct strategy. However, they could involve them in possible adverse health risks. The suit questionnaire form was designed to collect information about bodybuilders' total daily energy intake and supplements to strengthen and boost their muscle mass. It was used to discover whether they were on the right track regarding required energy intake. Moreover, the impact of hormonal and non-hormonal substances on their health has also been investigated. For that, thirty-one advanced bodybuilders as participants were taken (as volunteers); most of them had a long period of training experience and had a muscular body shape. The rest have at least more than four years of bodybuilding experience. Results show that the majority of them didn't reach the required total daily calorie intake or exceeded by a great margin (3800 kcal). Surprisingly, they also had an unacceptable amount of administrated anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), some of which are on the banned list by authorized food organizations. According to sports supplements' dose-related effects and health risks, nutrition program strategy and practising that kind of supplement use may help them build muscle mass but in a very unhealthy way. Bodybuilders seem to be at the possible risk of practicing incorrect paths, because they may be misguided in terms of proper nutritional programs and using muscle enhancers.
EVALUATION OF THE USE OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS BY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PRACTITIONERS IN BODYBUILDING ACADEMIES (Atena Editora), 2022
Excessive concern with body aesthetics and the ease of marketing anabolic steroids has led the population to use them in an abusive and indiscriminate way, which causes damage to health. The consumption of anabolic steroids has increased worldwide. The objective of the research was to verify the use of anabolic steroids by bodybuilders in gyms. The research was conducted through a multiple choice questionnaire applied to 100 participants, men and women aged between 20 and 40 years. Among those interviewed, 46% have already used or still use this drug. The reasons presented are the search for definition or increase in muscle mass, aesthetics, improvement in performance, by the union of all these reasons and few cases for drug treatment. Many of the users know or have experienced side effects due to the administration of anabolic steroids. In view of the results, it can be concluded that the consumption of anabolic steroids is frequent, usually without medical advice and incorrectly or even excessively by users. Therefore, there is a great need to raise awareness and carry out campaigns on the use of anabolic steroids, so that users avoid any complications and health risks.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2012
Background: Resistance training (RT) enhances muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy while increasing strength and power. Some multi-ingredient performance supplements (MIPS) have been shown to augment the physiological improvements associated with RT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of specific pre-and post-workout MIPS on anabolic hormones, body composition, muscle strength, and power in resistance-trained men participating in a periodized RT program. Methods: Twenty-four (mean ± SE; 24.0 ± 0.9 years; 180.5 ± 5.8 cm; 83.7 ± 0.5 kg) resistance-trained men completed 6 wks of periodized RT (3x/wk). Participants were assigned to one of two groups based upon maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps (Biodex) to lean mass (LM) ratio. Group 1 (n = 13; MIPS) consumed one serving of NO-Shotgun W (whey protein, casein protein, branched-chain amino acids, creatine, beta alanine, and caffeine) before each workout and one serving of NO-Synthesize W (whey protein, casein protein, branched-chain amino acids, creatine, and beta alanine; Vital Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Davie, FL) immediately after each workout and on non-RT days. Group 2 (n = 11; Placebo; PLA) consumed a flavor-matched isocaloric maltodextrin placebo. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1, human growth hormone, testosterone, body composition (DXA), circumferences, 1-repetition maximal strength (1RM) of the upper (chest press) and lower body (leg press), and anaerobic power (Wingate test) were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis included a 2 × 2 (group x time) ANOVA with repeated measures. Tukey LSD post hoc tests were used to examine pairwise differences. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: There was a main time effect (p = 0.035) for testosterone to increase, but no differences between groups were observed. There were no differences in the other blood hormones. Group x time interactions were observed for LM (MIPS: PRE, 62.9 ± 2.1 to POST, 65.7 ± 2.0 vs. PLA: PRE, 63.5 ± 2.3 to POST, 64.8 ± 2.5 kg; p = 0.017). Only a main effect of time was noted for circumference measures. Both groups increased upper and lower body 1RM strength to a similar degree. MIPS significantly increased peak anaerobic power (PRE, 932.7 ± 172.5 W vs. POST, 1119.2 ± 183.8 W, p = 0.002) while PLA remained unchanged (PRE, 974.4 ± 44.1 W vs. POST, 1033.7 ± 48.6 W, p = 0.166).
Analysis of the use of nutrition supplements and anabolic steroids in the fitness population
2020
For every athlete, especially the professional, his sport is a very important item for him. Today conditions of fast life and require an increasing need for 'fast-track' 'building muscle so individuals turn to anabolic steroids and various supplements. Anabolic steroids are used for some medical conditions, but people also use them illegally in some sports environments. They are used to increase muscle mass, performance and endurance, and to shorten recovery times between workouts, and even if they can be fed through food, individuals use additional nutritional supplements, which have their positive and negative sides.
The importance of this study intent to expose the Risks for Health where similar studies confirm that, steroids can increase muscle mass when they are used in large amounts and coupled with heavy exercises. From that, came this modest study to determine the effects of Anabolic Steroids as chemical supplies injections or including as Anabolic Steroids in the practice four Algerian Body builders, which they can, pay in gyms to seek an increase in muscle mass results in the shortest time. From that, our subjects were (1O) Algerian amateur athletes who practice bodybuilder for ±5years ago and who volunteered accepted to participate in our experience. Where five from them practice injections and doping bulbs. While (05) other incorporate in their Nutrition the Anabolic Steroids. Accordingly, to our study based on the follow Analysis of blood,the Chest circumference,1RM testing and weight to determine the progress associated with their exercise and their efficiency in their program, for two months. Where our homogenate was based in age (chronological-training) and employment types Anabolic Steroids with are more thanR≥0.7. Our goal for this research is limited in • Which causal relationships can be determined in theirprogress and efficacy as deferencepracticed of type’s anabolic steroid? • Which causal relationships can be observed in their UR Regulations vital functions? • Which correlation ship explain the Risks of the two practice in case deference practiced of type’s anabolic steroid? As to study the correlation ship that explain the increase muscle mass and Risks health we chose the T-TEST independent and correlation, from the background: • Anabolic steroid effects the body. • Distribution illegally case of our gym. From that, our aims for this study interest • Are there any statistically significant progress efficacy between the groups as the tests 1RM testing and the Chest circumference and weight? • Are there any statistically significant to explain destabilizes regulation of vital functions between the two types doping practices? • Which correlation ship explain the health Risks and progress the increase of muscle mass? Based in the results accuses following two months we confirm • The both practices develops muscular capacity and volume. • The both practices destabilizes the regulation of vital functions. • There is a strong correlation between the two practices in all comparisons within the same test. • The greatest risk is in relation urine creatinineand overweight.
Nutritional Supplements and Their Use Weights Amongst the Amateur Bodybuilders
Bulletin of the "Transilvania" University of Braşov, 2021
In bodybuilding, the physical training takes different aspects, in particular the relationship with a specific diet and a substantial contribution of nutritional supplements. The diet for amateur bodybuilders is usually poor, having a negative impact in achieving sportive performance, because the muscle strengthening is closely bounded to vitamins, proteins, carbs, minerals, etc. In this study we have tested the hypothesis according to which in bodybuilding, achieving a good physique and sportive performance is not possible without nutritional supplementation. The study revealed that the athletes manifest a great interest into diet, corroborated with a protein supplementation in different concentrations.
Body composition and dietary patterns in professional and amateur bodybuilders
2020
Significant factors affecting body composition and consequently professional and amateur bodybuilders’ performance are both training loads and diet. The aim was to assess dissimilarities in anthropometrical traits and body composition between males practicing bodybuilding professionally and as amateurs, considering their diet and training. The study comprised 55 athletes, i.e. 29 professionals attending national championships and 26 amateur bodybuilders. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements involving body height, waist, arm and thigh circumferences and skinfolds covering trunk and extremities. The original nutritional behavior questionnaire and a 24-hour survey were used. An electronic scale was used to measure body weight and body composition was analyzed with the BIA method. In statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk (W-test), t-student and Mann-Whitney U test were applied. An adipose tissue, assessed on the basis of skinfolds was significantly lower in profession...