Pioneering Space, Pioneer 0-2, Part II (original) (raw)
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The SATURN launch vehicle family is the classical story of the evolution and life cycle of a space transportation system. Its official history is well documented by historians or journalists. The author, in his function of Chief, Preliminary Design Branch, U.S.Army Ballistic Missile Agency, and after joining NASA, as Director, Future Projects Office, has had a key position during the years of developing this transportation system in the Huntsville team headed by Dr.Wernher von Braun. However, this was several decades ago and in retrospect, it may be useful now to reflect on this historical development with respect to the lessons learned. The evolution of the development from the JUNO 5 booster, to the SATURN I, IB and finally SATURN V is discussed in some detail from the viewpoint of the author. Excerpts of the autors weekly notes to Dr.v.Braun shed some light on the gyrations and problems the development team had to overcome. The life cycle of the SATURN's began in 1958, production stop was ordered in 1968, and it ended with the last launch of a SATURN IB in 1975. This report comprises 2 tables, 12 figures, 26 references on 38 pages.
THE HISTORY OF SOLID-PROPELLANT ROCKETRY: WHAT WE DO AND DO NOT KNOW
Contributions to the evolution of solid-propellant rocketry have come from a variety of sources. World War II research on large solids enabled one company to capitalize on work in the area of castable double-base propellants. Separate development of castable composite propellants led to production of Polaris and Minuteman powerplants. Pivotal to the development of these missiles were Edward Hall's advocacy of the Minuteman missile within the Air Force and contract funding to resolve problems. The discovery that adding large amounts of aluminum significantly increased the specific impulse of a castable composite propellant further aided large-missile technology. These separate lines of research led to the development of large solidpropellant motors and boosters. Many more discoveries went into the development of large solid-propellant motors. Ammonium perchlorate replaced potassium perchlorate as an oxidizer in the late 1940's, and binders were developed. Discoveries important in the evolution of large solid-propellant motors appear to have resulted from innovators' education and skills, an exposure to contemporary problems, an awareness of theory but a willingness not to let it dictate empirical investigations, and proper empirical techniques. Other important contributions are the adequate funding and exchange of information. However, many questions remain about these and other innovations.
Intercept 1961: The Birth of Soviet Missile Defense
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330 pages with 120+ figures and 200+ references Index: 950+ entries, including 150+individuals More than 50 years ago, pioneering scientists and engineers in the Soviet Union and the United States searched for a technical means of defense against ballistic missiles. This book tells the little-known story of the earliest breakthroughs which paved the way for the emergence of a powerful missile defense complex in the Soviet Union, a major factor in the Cold War.
Rockets and missiles: the life story of a technology
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Cold War Nuclear-Powered Hypersonic Missiles: A Successful Failed Innovation
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Russia's testing of an SSC-X-9 Skyfall hypersonic weapon has rekindled interest in a largely forgotten Cold War technology: nuclear-powered air power. In this article, Peter Layton looks at the history of US development of nuclear-powered weapons in the 1950s and 1960s. In doing so, he highlights that successful innovation does not necessarily require a system to be operationally fielded.
Technical Maturation of the SpaceLiner Concept
18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, 2012
DLR's launcher systems analysis division is investigating since a couple of years a visionary, extremely fast passenger transportation concept reaching the edges of space based on rocket propulsion. Work is now focusing on the iterative sizing of all major subcomponents in nominal and off-nominal flight conditions. The paper describes the recent technical progress achieved in the SpaceLiner 7 configuration supported by the EU-funded studies FAST20XX (Future high-Altitude high-Speed Transport 20XX) and CHATT (Cryogenic Hypersonic Advanced Tank Technologies). The focus of the paper is on all system aspects of the reference vehicle's preliminary design including its nominal trajectory and first assessment of its environmental impact.