Simulating Basil Response to Irrigation Water Salinity (original) (raw)
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Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 2018
Salt and drought are two major environmental stresses that affect growth and development of plants. In order to study the effects of sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol (6000) on germination characteristics and early seedling growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), two completely randomized designs with 4 replications were conducted at Weed Research Laboratory of Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan in 2015. The treatments were salt and drought stress as osmotic potential at six levels (zero (control),-2,-4,-6,-8 and-10 bar). The results showed that when stress increased, germination percentage, germination speed, radicle and plumule length, seedling length and seedling vigor index decreased significantly (p≤ 0.05). With an increase in the intensity of salt and drought stress from zero to-10 bars, redroot pigweed seed germination reduced about 96 and 100 percent, respectively, compared with the control. The highest seedling length in both stresses was observed in the control (7.71 cm) and by increasing stress intensity to-10 bars in both salinity and drought stresses, seedling length was reduced to 1.52 cm and 0 cm, respectively. Fitting of the three-parameter logistic model provided a successful estimation of the relationship between salt and drought stress levels and germination percentage of redroot pigweed as well as germination speed. This model showed that salinity and drought stress at-3.58 and-3.75 bars caused a 50% reduction in maximum germination percentage of redroot pigweed. In addition, 50% decrease in germination speed caused by salinity and drought stress was observed in-2.58 and-2.88 bars, respectively.
Evaluation of Salinity and Drought Stresses Tolerance in Wheat Genotypes using Tolerance Indices
پژوهشنامه اصلاح گیاهان زراعی, 2017
Increasing the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) requires choosing resistant and compatible cultivars to different climatic conditions. In order to study the effects of salinity and drought stress on grain yield, Study of stress tolerance indices and identification of tolerant genotypes to salt and drought stress, 20 different Wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were assessed in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications under non stress, salinity stress and drought stress conditions. Evaluation of salinity and drought stress tolerance in wheat genotypes by quantitative indices such as Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) and Tolerance Index (TOL) was done. The results of analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes in terms of all of the indices and yield genotype of stress conditions in 1% level of probability. According to the analysis of the correlation between seed yield and tolerance to salinity and drought indices, Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) and Stress Tolerance Index (STI), in terms of the normal and stress conditions, as the best indices for selection of tolerant genotypes were detected. The results showed that the cultivars Bolani, sooleh and Mahutti had the highest resistance. Mogan 3, Gaspard and Arta were most sensitive.SNH-9,139-PR-87 Were the most tolerant lines and N-83-3, KRL-4 and S-78-11 lines were sensitive to salinity and drought stresses.
Effects of water deficit stress on Salvia leriifolia Benth. yield and essential oil composition
The effects of water deficit on yield, essential oil contents and composition of Noroozak (Salvia leriifolia Benth.) were investigated at Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad-Iran. The treatments were deficit irrigation based on actual evapotranspiration (ETc) at the rate of 100% (fully irrigated), 66.6% (moderate stress), 33.3% (severe stress) and non-irrigated (control). The experiment was analyzed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that the essential oil percentage of green leaves and flowering stem in severe stress and control was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than that of fully irrigated treatment. The highest and lowest dry matter yields were obtained in fully irrigated and control treatments, respectively. Severe deficit (P≤0.05) decreased the essential oil yield significantly but it was not affected in moderate stress. Results also showed that 1, 8-cineol, β-pinene and borneol were the main essential oil constituents in all water deficit treatments, included nearly 50% of total essential oil contents. The above essential oil constituents in control treatment increased by 21.1%, 7% and 15.3% in green leaves and 39%, 12% and 55% in flowering stems in comparison with fully irrigated treatment. However cedren-13-ol and δ-cadinene decreased by 58.5% and 46% in green leaves and 52% and 14% in flowering stems, respectively.
2008
The effect of removal of smear layer has already been a subject in many investigations, and has been a matter of controversy. Of course there is no doubt that sealer penetration would be facilitated when smear layer removed. The aim of this study was evaluation of the relationship between sealer penetration and apical microleakage after usage of MTAD. Materials & Methods: In this invitro study, 135 human single root extracted teeth were selected. The teeth were divided into three groups (40 samples in each) as experimental groups as follow: Group 1: Serum was used for irrigation (with the smear layer). Group 2: EDTA 17% was used for irrigation (removal of the smear layer). Group 3: MTAD was used for irrigation (removal of the smear layer) and 15 teeth were considered as the control. The teeth in each group were divided into two subgroups (20 teeth) to be filled either with AH Plus or Dorifill sealer. Sixty teeth were selected for dye penetration with methylene blue and statistically analysed using One-Way and Two-Way ANOVA. In the other 60 teeth, sealer penetration was evaluated using SEM. The data were statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The end relationship between dye penetration and sealer penetration was evaluated by spearman correlation test. Results: There was no significant difference between the three types of irrigants. There was a significant difference between the two sealers. AH plus revealed less dye penetration. Minimum dye penetration was observed in MTAD group with AH Plus and maximum dye penetration was observed in Serum group with Dorifill. Sealer penetration in MTAD and EDTA groups were better than Serum group. AH Plus was better than Dorifill. The correlation between sealer penetration in dentinal tubules and dye penetration wasn't statistically significant. Conclusion: Type of irrigant didn't affect apical microleakage but type of sealer affected microleakage. AH Plus proved to be better. AH Plus showed greater sealer penetration. Greater sealer penetration does not necessarily reduce apical microleakage.
Assessing virtual water and water productivity in Takestan irrigation and drainage network
Since Iran is located in a semi arid climate and its agricultural sector, as the largest water consumer, facing sever water scarcity, conservation of existing water resources is inevitable. In other hand, growing population necessitates more food production. Reasonable determination of criteria such as virtual water and water productivity of agricultural products can improve water saving and assist scheduling to produce more food. The objective of this study was to quantify the water productivity and virtual water for selected cropping pattern system in Takestan irrigation and drainage network. In order to determine the net irrigation volume of water and crop evapotranspiration, NETWAT software package was used. The water productivity, virtual water and the energy produced by virtual water were then calculated. The results indicated that growing green virtual water can increase water productivity. Considering the reduction of virtual water amount in crops with more energy such as wheat, barley and potato, cropping pattern can also be established based on crops energy production.