Analgesic activity of Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Phytopharmacology (original) (raw)

Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Leea Indica Leaves.

2013

Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. (Family: Leeaceae) is an evergreen shrub or small tree widely available in Bangladesh. It is traditionally used in headache, body pains, muscle spasm etc. in folk medicine. In the current study, the ethanolic extract of leaves was investigated for analgesic activity. The experiment was performed using Swiss albino mice in acetic acid induced writhing method.

Antinociceptive and Anthelmintic Activities of Leaves of Leea aequata

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The objective of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anthelmintic activities of the crude methanol extract of leaves of Leea aequata and its fractions. The crude extract and its fractions at 200- and 400-mg/kg bw were subjected to assay for their antinociceptive activity using acetic acid induced writhing and radiant heat tail flicking methods. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction at 400 mg/kg bw induced 40.97% inhibition of writhing in mice while the carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble fractions of crude extract at the same dose displayed activity with 40.28% inhibition of writhing as compared to standard diclofenac sodium. The crude extract elongated the reaction time by 57.04% after 30 minute of administration in radiant heat tail flicking method, which suggested the central antinociceptive activity as compared to morphine. The methanol extract of the leaves of L. aequata exhibited profound anthelmintic activity in a dose dependent manner with shortest time of...

COMPARATIVE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM INDIAN ORIGIN

Synthetic analgesic drugs have major side effects like gastritis, gastric ulcer, kidney disorders and cardiac arrhythmias. So, use of natural or herbal analgesics is an important and growing part of the pain-control and new discoveries are made practically every year. Many of these drugs commit the side effects like Morphine is responsible do work against heavy sedation and may elevate mood in distressed patients as do the antidepressants. Caffeine, release the histamine in more amounts, also have stimulation. And the use of cannabis like a medicine remains a debated issue. Analgesic herbs are the therapeutic herbs with analgesic effect that are commonly known as pain relief herbs or simply the pain herbs. Analgesic herbs are natural pain reliever that reduce or eliminate pain. These pain relief herbs are available in the market in analgesic topical forms like essential oil and analgesic cream-that can be directly applied at the pain sites-as well as in form of capsules, tea and tinctures for pain relief. So, Author proposed the comparative analgesic activity of some other new medicinal plant from Indian origin which can be very useful for medical sciences.

Potential Activity of Medicinal Plants as Pain Modulators: A Review

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2021

This review aims to demonstrate the relevance that medicinal plants and their promising results have in prevention and treatment of pain. The neurophysiological bases of pain have been analyzed and the potential mechanisms of action have been proposed, it has also been determined that the main experimental models used for the evaluation of the analgesic potential are: acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test, hot-plate test, capsaicin-induced nociception, cinnamaldehyde-induced nociception, glutamate-induced nociception, tail-flick test and tail immersion test. There are countless medicinal plants with potential analgesic activity, in some of them main responsible compounds for the activity are flavonoids (vitexin, quercetin, naringenin, astragalin, eupatilin), alkaloids (scotanamine B, bullatine A, S-(+)dicentrine, stephalagine, lappaconitine), terpenoids (p-cymene, thymol, menthol, citronellol, myrcene, carvacrol, linalool) and saponins (siolmatroside I, cayaponoside D, cayaponoside B4, cayaponoside A1); however, all studies have only been carried out up to pre-clinical stages. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out kinetic studies of the most remarkable natural compounds, evaluate mixtures of active compounds for diminishing doses to avoide possible side effects, and continue with clinical studies of medicinal plants whose safety has already been reported.

Analgesic and Cytotoxic Activities of Three Reputed Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2015

Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilization. There is a growing demand in the present world for plant based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. Pain is a discomfort and its relief must be tackled. Currently available synthetic pain killers possess many known adverse and toxic effects but those do not appear in the treatment with natural products. Again various forms of cancers are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy with minimum toxicity. So the quest of analgesics and anticancer drugs from natural sources is the demand of time. Therefore, in the present study, three medicinal plants of Bangladesh namely A. squamosa, C. procera and P. betel were chosen and crude ethanolic extracts of their leaves were prepared and investigated for possible in vivo analgesic and cytotoxic properties. The extracts produced significant writhing inhibition in acetic acid induced writhing in mice at the oral doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body wt. (p < 0.001) and their effects were comparable to that of the standard drug diclofenac sodium at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. The crude extracts also produced prominent cytotoxic activities in brine shrimp (Artemia salina).

Potential Activity of Medicinal Plants as Pain Modulators

This review aims to demonstrate the relevance that medicinal plants and their promising results have in prevention and treatment of pain. The neurophysiological bases of pain have been analyzed and the potential mechanisms of action have been proposed, it has also been determined that the main experimental models used for the evaluation of the analgesic potential are: acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test, hot-plate test, capsaicin-induced nociception, cinnamaldehyde-induced nociception, glutamate-induced nociception, tail-flick test and tail immersion test. There are countless medicinal plants with potential analgesic activity, in some of them main responsible compounds for the activity are flavonoids (vitexin, quercetin, naringenin, astragalin, eupatilin), alkaloids (scotanamine B, bullatine A, S-(+)dicentrine, stephalagine, lappaconitine), terpenoids (p-cymene, thymol, menthol, citronellol, myrcene, carvacrol, linalool) and saponins (siolmatroside I, cayaponoside D, cayaponoside B4, cayaponoside A1); however, all studies have only been carried out up to pre-clinical stages. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out kinetic studies of the most remarkable natural compounds, evaluate mixtures of active compounds for diminishing doses to avoide possible side effects, and continue with clinical studies of medicinal plants whose safety has already been reported.

Screening of ten medicinal plants of Bangladesh for analgesic activity on Swiss-albino mice

Bangladesh is a good repository of medicinal plants, which contribute a lot to the healthcare management of the local people. In order to explore the pain-relieving potentiality of some indigenous plants of Bangladesh, ten plants were selected initially and screened out for analgesic activity. For this case, plants were extracted with 95 % methanol and then assayed by acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion methods for peripheral analgesic action and by formalin-induced pain method for central analgesic action in Swiss-albino mice model. Plant extracts were orally administered to the mice at 400 mg/kg body weight for this evaluation. In this study, Justicia gendarussa, Musaenda philippica, Steudnera virosa, Trewia polycarpa, Hydnocarpus kurzii and Nymphaea nouchali might be considered as promising analgesic candidate among the tested plants.

Scientific validation of traditional wisdom on analgesic effect of selected plant sources

Ukaaz, 2017

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of the population of developing countries rely on traditional medicines, mostly plant based drugs for their primary healthcare needs. Indian System of Medicine (ISM) mainly gives plant based remedies for most of the diseases. It offers most appropriate cure against many diseases like jaundice, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, etc. where there is no complete cure in allopathy. In the Indian System of Medicines, plants occupy a predominant place in the therapeutic field. Traditional knowledge is unique in any society which is fabricated on their sound belief, norms and the culture of the society to which they belong. Along with this, there is an urgent need to safe guard and reaffirm traditional wisdom about home remedies. The present study was undertaken on animals to find out the analgesic effect of selected plants, i.e., Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.), Guarpatha (Aloe vera L.), Ajwayan (Hyoscymus niger L.) and Sonth (Zingiber officinale L.) and their effective dose to relieve the pain threshold. The analgesic effect was statistically significant by dose concentration and type of plant. The maximum dose of 0.9 ml was most effective in comparison to other doses, indicating higher the concentration of extra ct, better is the effect. The results confirm the scientific base of using selected plant as home remedies to relieve pain threshold.

Assessment of the analgesic potential of ethylacetate leaf fraction of Sida linifolia L. (Malvaceae)

International journal of plant based pharmaceuticals, 2022

Sida linifolia L. is a valuable plant of West Tropical Africa with several folklore claims and growing evidence of its bioactivity, including its pain-relieving potential; however, scientific validation of these claims is still limited. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and analgesic potential of the ethyl acetate fraction of the hydro-alcoholic extract of S. linifolia leaves (SEAL). Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques were used to determine the phytochemistry of SEAL. Formalin and acetic acid models were employed to determine the analgesic properties of SEAL. The result of GC-FID analysis revealed varying concentrations of lunamarine, naringenin, ephedrine, catechins, cardiac glycosides, flavanones, kaempferol, flavones, phytate, rutin, steroids, tannins, oxalate, flavan-3-ols, sapogenins, cyanogenic glycosides, anthocyanin, and proanthocyanidins in SEAL. In addition, varying concentrations of polyphenolics, such as phenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, and naringenin were detected in SEAL via HPLC analysis. The LD50 study showed that SEAL was safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight per oral (p.o.) in Swiss mice. Pretreatment with oral doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg bw) of SEAL significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited all phases of formalin-induced hind paw licking and acetic acidinduced writhing syndrome in mice compared to positive control and was on par with aspirin (100 mg/kg bw p.o.). The observed bioactivity of SEAL could be anchored to its phytoconstituents. Therefore, the plant leaf fraction represents a good source of bioactive compounds with immense potential for exploration in therapeutic research.