Half a Century of Computing in the Serbian Copper Mining and Metallurgy Industry (original) (raw)
Building computers in Serbia: The first half of the digital century
Computer Science and Information Systems, 2011
In this paper, we describe the early development of CER-10, the first digital computer built in Serbia, honor its inventors, and follow the professional path of its chief designers, prof. Rajko Tomovic and prof. Tihomir Aleksic, who became the first university professor of computer engineering in Serbia. We also give a short overview of CER family of computers that were developed after the CER-10 till midseventies. In the early eighties, computer revolution continued with personal computers, so we show the early attempts to produce this kind of computers in Serbia, from "build it yourself" campaigns to the industrial production, and we analyze implications of these attempts to the development of user community and evolution to the information society.
1991
Soviet "informatics," suffering from years of official policy that has hindered hardware and software development, looks toward the future IGOR AGAMIRZIAN On December 7, 1988, the academician Andrei Petrovich Ershov died in a Moscow hospital at the age of 57. His death went unnoticed in a country concerned with the tragic consequences of the Armenian earthquake. However, for specialists routinely dealing with computer science in their work, the event signified the end of an era. This article is not an obituary of Ershov. It may, however, be the obituary of Soviet computer science, a demise that threatens to become the straw that breaks the back of our collapsing economy.
CER Computers as Weapons of Mass Disruption: The Yugoslav Computer Industry in the 1960s
2017
The article investigates the history of the CER-10, the first Yugo-slav electronic computer, and the subsequent failed attempt for the establishment of the computer industry during the 1960s. While the CER-10 was an important milestone on the Yugoslav road to technological modernization, the aftermath of this project revealed myriads of problems of the entire Yugoslav state system, which included simultaneous implementation of conflicting economic policies, the heavy hand of Aleksandar Rankovic and the Yugoslav secret police in the country’s economy, as well as the channeling of federal funds into Serbian companies without much economic rationale, all of which eventually ground the establishment of this high-tech industrial sector to a halt.
Megabytes for metals: development of computer applications in the iron and steel industry
2004
Abstract: The steel industry pioneered the use of computers for process control. By the mid 1960s, almost a fifth of the world's process control computers were installed in the steel industry. The present paper documents the development of direct digital control with emphasis on hot strip mill control, notably the installation at Llanwern using a GE 412 computer. Early applications of computers in areas such as electric arc furnace control and order handling are identified.
Current and Future Uses of the Computer: Industrial R&D in the United States
R&D Management, 1986
This study of 158 organizations sought to depict current uses of computers in R&D. A survey of senior R&D management by the Industrial Research Institute identifies a number of salient features. Routine computer use is becoming a characteristic of scientists, engineers, and managers. Yet characteristics of usage differ markedly by size of R&D unit and by line of business. Moreover, patterns of responses suggest on-going changes toward the time when R&D will be strongly coloured by the context of an integrated, intelligent computer environment. This implies new roles and skill requirements for R&D managers, professionals, and support staff.
The world and business computing in 2051: from LEO to RUR?
Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 2003
It is now just over 50 years since the deployment of LEO-the first business computer and application - in 1951. The paper attempts to look 50 years beyond the birth of LEO in order to discern the nature and effects of business computing in 2051.Scenarios are offered of some possible business applications fifty years hence. These include the business information systems in space and the nature of manufacturing.The scenarios serve as a basis for addressing a number of issues. These include the availability of technology to support the scenarios presented, the nature of organizations shaped by future information systems, the nature of employment in the new organizational structure, consumer-vendor relations in the new economy, the effects of the new information technology on the nature of national governments, and the effect of information technologies on the structure of the global economy.
Soviet Computing and Technology Transfer: An Overview
World Politics, 1979
For a long time, the Soviet pattern of development and use of computing differed from the West in terms of time-scale, philosophy, institutional arrangements, capital decisions, and applications. Starting in the late 1950s, a major political, military, and economic reassessment of the value of computing took place; during the next dozen years, the overall Soviet view moved much closer to that of the rest of the developed world. This new perception has been backed by large political and economic commitments. Apparently the Soviet leadership is hoping that computer technology will make the existing economic system more efficient and effective, and will thus help to avoid fundamental reforms that are politically unacceptable. A massive transfer of foreign technology over the last decade has made the Soviet computer industry less isolated than during the 1960s, but its interfaces with the outside world are still narrowly defined. Serious difficulties remain in trying to transplant a sop...
Scientific computing infrastructure and services in Moldova
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters, 2016
In recent years distributed information processing and high-performance computing technologies (HPC, distributed Cloud and Grid computing infrastructures) for solving complex tasks with high demands of computing resources are actively developing. In Moldova the works on creation of high-performance and distributed computing infrastructures were started relatively recently due to participation in implementation of a number of international projects. Research teams from Moldova participated in a series of regional and pan-European projects that allowed them to begin forming the national heterogeneous computing infrastructure, get access to regional and European computing resources, and expand the range and areas of solving tasks.
Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS …, 2011
Today, competition in the globalization of markets has become increasingly tough, so to cope with increasingly high competition, companies in Romania (as well as anywhere in the world) have to use new information technology as competitive leverage for the survival of reference markets in a global economy / global crisis. Shipping companies are those that have experienced large losses from the reduction in international trade during the crisis. Reducing costs but also make investments in information technology to streamline the business are the main leverage on the market success of reference.