Non financial compensation for the redevelopment of the historic urban landscape: the case study of Villasor in Sardinia (Italy) (original) (raw)
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In Italy, the regeneration of historic centers is a relevant issue in the theoretical debate and practice of urban planning, a discourse which usually adopts strictly constraining approaches and tools directed almost exclusively at the preservation of the traditional characters of historic buildings, neglecting social and economic processes. In particular, the redevelopment of minor historic centers becomes a priority action for the revitalisation of marginal territories affected by the phenomena of depopulation and weakening of the socio-economic structure. The paper focuses on the regional context of Sardinia to investigate methods and criteria for the drafting of planning tools for the redevelopment of minor historic centers, enabling the definition and implementation of strategies in accordance with the objectives and guidelines of the Regional Landscape Plan. With a case study methodology applied to the historic center of Mogoro, the research discusses an innovative and interdi...
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The UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape is revising the concept of protected urban areas and its related management approach (UNESCO, 2011). In fact the traditional West European conservationist object-based and top-down approach is shifting to landscape-based, including the social dimension of (historic) cities (Guzmán, Pereira Roders & Colenbrander, 2014) and the involvement of the local community in the decision-making. The new approach should be constructed from experts and decision-makers with the local community and propose measures and alternative scenarios in order to monitor the impact of urban development not only on the architectural fabric but also on the social one (Guzmán, Pereira Roders & Colenbrander, 2014). But is these new approach really implemented by monitoring urban renewal and developments projects? Gentrification, resettlement or privatizations of public spaces are frequently occurring due to urban renewals in historic urban areas. Often cit...
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The management and conservation of cultural heritage, including architecture and urban sites, is a necessity and a duty of the modern world. The identity of European society is strongly linked to the architectural heritage, it represents an irreplaceable resource for its inhabitants, in terms of psychological, economic and social wellbeing. During the 20th century several international charters and conventions were adopted, developing and evolving conservation principles and methods. Meanwhile the object of the protection has changed, moving from the archaeological and artistic heritage to the historic towns, which require an integrated conservation in the society, in order to reconcile the urban renewal actions with the protection of historical and architectural values of each site. This means making delicate choices and difficult operations, which change from country to country depending on the attitude adopted regarding to the conservation. This work compares the legislative and ...
Vintage Urban Planning in Italy: Land Management with the Tools of the Mid-Twentieth Century.
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This paper describes a critical situation for Italy, which is one of the causes of the overall disorganization of settlement growth in the past decades. Using the data extracted from some institutional databases, we show that a large part of the national territory is managed with highly effective decision-making tools (such as municipal town planning schemes in Italy), which are, however, lagging behind in their conception and fulfilment of scientific, cultural, and political requirements deemed essential today for effective and sustainable land transformation. Municipalities with plans dating back to a quarter of a century ago, or without any plans, are 1445 in number (17% of the total) and involve 6,200,000 ha of territory (1/5 of Italy) with almost 10 million residents. The territorial changes in these geographical areas, mainly concentrated in the south, are managed with tools based on mid-20th century concepts and techniques, although a large proportion of these territories are demographically active and transform substantial portions of land. Thus, for at least 15–20 years, these territories underwent transformations disconnected from town plans and driven essentially by one-off measures or managed through numerous exceptional and negotiated procedures provided for by national legislation. Today, it seems necessary for southern Italy to overcome its extensive delay in territorial planning, and the drive can only come from national government. This would help it finally respond to current environmental sustainability, risk resilience, and territorial security requirements, through appropriate and technically advanced management procedures not envisaged in previous planning procedures
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015
The multidisciplinary study of the landscape aims to highlight, through a multi-scale and multi-temporal reading, the development and evolution of processes of natural and anthropogenic transformation in the different contexts examined, recognizing their common characteristics and structural differences. Such an approach cannot be separated from the identification of settlement dynamics and social-economic changes of long duration, nor from diachronic analysis of specific vocations and evolutive processes of the territory. In the study area, which includes the land around Castel Lagopesole, was carried out an archaeological and topographic research about settlements and their lands in the XIII and XIV century ( § 1.-2., by S. Del Lungo); a structural analysis of the rural landscape and a comparison between ancient and current intended use of the soil ( § 3., by C. A. Sabia). The aim is to bring out the elements of the historical landscape of merit and to propose appropriate criteria for planning for their protection and local economic development ( § 4., by C. Pacella).
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Since the early 90s of last century, the city is returned to the focus of European and national policies and new theories of urban development inspired by the theme of regeneration and the new centrality of the historical part of the city. In recent years interesting process of reconstruction and rehabilitation of historic areas have been, but also experimental steps towards new means of intervention of the city and new content that contributed to the review of practice of interventions in the territory based on two key themes of the functional organization and the satisfaction of an increasing housing needs. Many Italian cities have launched plans and proposals for urban regeneration of the old town, enriched by new instances related to the values and concrete social practices of participation and environmental sustainability. A raised dynamism linked to the redistribution of functions between the city centre, specialized in business skills, and an ever-expanding suburbs, which ten...
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The renewal of the city started from the examination of urban conditions of comfort/discomfort (safety, mobility, environment, social cohesion); this required the direct involvement of the city’s inhabitants as experts of the urban environment, and therefore able to suggest solutions. Nowadays in Italy the renewal tools of the city cannot be found in planning laws, but in new tools with participated procedures. These participated procedures have put the public administration and the private entrepreneurial class in agreement. In the '90’s, the so-called Complex Programs both in the national and regional domain have been realized. The Complex Programs aim to propose urban improvement through innovative procedures to improve urban life quality. Among the Complex Programs, the District Contracts have been realized in January '98 and proposed in 2002 by the Infrastructure Administration. They set the aim of district renewal in places characterized by buildings degradation, urban...
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The paper illustrates good policies and practices from Italy for the valorization and management of small historical centres. This topic has great relevance in our country since such centres cover a notable proportion of the country’s territory and are the custodians of a significant portion of Italy’s cultural and environmental heritage. From the end of the 1970s, Italian historical centres have been the focus of restoration activities, but mainly for the maintenance of single buildings, rather than for the centre as a whole. Recent good practices, however, show an increasing focus on valorization models based on the integration of sectoral and territorial aspects. Valorization strategies are particularly effective when they extend beyond a single municipality’s boundaries to encompass “territorial networks”, and when restoration activities are accompanied by socio-economic development and “value creation” while respecting the landscape and the environment. Integration also means s...
The issues of promotion and preservation of urban landscapes are increasingly gaining prominence in international cultural and political debates. These issues can lead to tensions, especially for historical cities, partly because the concept of urban landscape as an element of cultural heritage is still to be acknowledged, particularly on a legislative level. Nevertheless, as the paper highlights, this concept was theorized in Europe for the reconstruction of historical cities in the second postwar period. This paper focuses on the French and Italian debates of the post-World War II decades, because they both elaborated concepts of urban landscape which were particularly advanced for the time. This article attempts to demonstrate their possible influence on the contemporary international debate developed by UNESCO between 2005 and 2011. Furthermore, this paper inspects the origins of the concept of the historic centre, developed particularly in Italy during the 1960s, and examines its relationship with the urban landscape. The reasons for the success of the historic centre are highlighted together with the simultaneous failure of the urban landscape at the legislative level, by inspecting the similarities, the divergences, and the historical connection between the two notions.