Could Pictorial Health Warning Change Smoking Behavior among Teenagers? : A Cross-Sectional Study among Junior High School Students (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 2015
Background: Smoking trend among adolescents in Malaysia is alarming and remain a public health concern despite the efforts implemented by the government on the tobacco control. This study was to assess the smoking behaviour, knowledge on smoking health-related risks, as well as evaluating the impact of pictorial warning label on cigarette pack among the secondary school students. Materials and Methods: 287 secondary school students in Manjung district completed the self-administered questionnaire of which 128 of them were identified as smokers and initiate smoking at the age of 12. Result: The most reported factor of smoking initiation is 'trying for fun' (35.9%) followed by 'stylish' and 'stress reliever' (28.9% respectively). Most of the smokers have identified 'Home' as their favourite place of smoking (41.8%). Nevertheless, most of the smokers found it was not difficult to refrain smoking from forbidden places despite of having their smoking favourite places (p>0.05). Smokers reported to smoke more after lunch and dinner from which 58.5% of the smokers significantly found to smoke less when take coffee/tea during lunch whilst 43.1% smoked without taking coffee/tea during dinner (p<0.05). There were no significant factors found on smoking continuity (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.291, p>0.05).Mean knowledge score on smoking health effects were found significantly higher among the nonsmokers in comparison to the smokers (49.67± 32.9 and 44.07 ± 28.43 respectively). There were significant proportion between 1) reaction (read the warning) and 2) perception of warning (warning convey risks) among smokers with good and poor knowledge (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that empowerment introduction of graphic warning label have potential to lower smoking intention among adolescent with low knowledge on smoking health effects.
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Cigarettes are still a problem in the world and in Indonesia. The policy of pictorial message on cigarette packaging is regulated in Permenkes No. 28 of 2013 concerning the inclusion of warnings and health information on tobacco product packaging. The purpose of this study is to determine the Effect of Cigarette Danger Messages on Cigarette Packs on Smoking Behavior of North Sumatra State Islamic University Students. This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional research design. This research was conducted at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. The research period began in January-August 2021. The population in this study was all male students of North Sumatra State Islamic University which amounted to 13,598 students. The sample in this study was as many as 400 respondents in male students of North Sumatra State Islamic University. The data analysis of this study is univariate analysis with descriptive and bivariate analysis with correlation test. The re...
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019 – Health Science and Nursing (IcoSIHSN 2019), 2019
Warnings and Writings are images that provide information about the dangers of smoking. Drawings and Writings Health Warnings should have the meanings printed together with the Tobacco Products Packaging and are not in form of a sticker attached to the Tobacco Product Packaging or are replaced by the consumer with a cute sticker. Smoking behavior among adolescents need to be enhanced by utilizing the visual media warning poster image or PHW The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of PHWbased quit smoking posters on adolescent behavior hamlet logo. This study is a quantitative research, Quasi-Experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. The measurement of behaviors was conducted during the pre-test and post-test for 1 month. The research was conducted from January to March 2016 in Tlogo, Tamantirto. Respondents consisted of 16 treatment groups given intervention in the form of posters based on PHW and 16 people in the control group. The results of Wlicoxon Signed Ranks Test showed no influence of PHW-based poster with a value of p = <0414, then, there is no difference in the level of smoking behavior in the intervention group and the control group. The Mann-Whitney test result on the difference in smoking behavior of pre-test control group and treatment group obtained the result of 0,812, and the Mann-Whitney test result on the difference in smoking behavior of the post-test control group and the treatment group obtained the result of 0.838. There is no effect of PHW-based posters on adolescent smoking behavior in Tlogo Village, Kasihan, Bantul. The next researchers are expected to do a deeper analysis on factors related to adolescent smoking behavior.
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021
BACKGROUND: The occurrence of smoking among adolescents keeps increasing. Based on data from the Regional Health Research 2013, the prevalence of child smokers aged 10–18 years old was 7.2–9.1% in 2018. In fact, it exceeds the government’s target to reduce the number of child smokers in 2019 to 5.4%. Cigarette advertising is one of the reasons children are attracted to smoking, and Indonesia ranks first in ASEAN for youth exposure to tobacco advertisement and promotion. AIM: The aim of the study is to determine the factors that affect the urge to smoke in adolescents, specifically the influence of friends who smoke and exposure to cigarette advertisements in Sleman, Indonesia. METHODOLOGY: A non-experimental study with a correlation study and a cross-sectional approach. The sample was 318 respondents with a total sampling technique on first-grade junior high school students from three schools. The research instruments used were a questionnaire on exposure to cigarette advertisements...
Determinants of smoking behaviour among adolescents in Semarang, Indonesia
Tobacco Control, 1999
Objectives-To determine the smoking prevalence and to examine the determinants of smoking behaviour among male adolescents in Semarang, Indonesia. Design-A random sample of schools in Semarang (population 1.5 million) was obtained using a stratified sampling procedure (strata based on type of school and district). A total of 149 schools were selected (response rate 72%). Within the schools 186 classes were selected, targeting the 11, 13, 15, and 17 year olds. An anonymous, self administered questionnaire was filled in by all students present at the day of the survey (total sample size 6276). Outcome measures-Smoking prevalence, exposure to family and peer smoking, and other variables that may be related to smoking. Logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of smoking behaviour. Only male students were included in the analysis. Results-Smoking increased dramatically between the ages of 11 and 17, from 8.2% to 38.7%. The variance explained by the regression model increased from 19.8% for 11 year olds to 53% for 17 year olds. The smoking behaviour of best friends was the most powerful determinant of smoking, and this was consistent across the age groups. Best friends' attitudes towards smoking and older brothers' smoking behaviour were also important determinants of smoking. Conclusions-Smoking prevalence among male adolescents in Semarang, Indonesia is high. EVective smoking prevention programmes should take into account the dominant influence of peers in the onset and maintenance of smoking behaviour. In general, school related items had a less important role in predicting smoking behaviour than expected.
Adolescent smoking behaviour determinants in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: The increasing number of smokers has an impact on increasing the number of deaths due to smoking-related illnesses. Teenagers are the easiest targets for cigarette marketing, including in the city of Yogyakarta, whose numbers continue to increase. The proper investigation needs to be carried out to determine the determinants that play a role in developing effective interventions to reduce the number of teenage smokers. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of smoking in adolescents in The City of Yogyakarta.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with senior high school/vocational students’ samples. The sampling technique uses multistage random cluster sampling with Chi-Square analysis.Results: Researchers collected 481 respondents. Variables significantly associated with smoking behavior of senior high school/vocational high school students in Yogyakarta City are knowledge, attitude, self-confidence, family’s role, and peer’s role, while th...
Effectiveness of Pictorial Health Warning Labels for Indonesia's Cigarette Packages
2015
Data for this study came from a field experiment with Indonesian adult smokers (n=584), and 15-to 18-year-old adolescent smokers (n=280) and nonsmokers (n=313) using both between-and within-subject manipulations. First, we assessed effects of health warning label (HWL) characteristics, including warning type (text-only versus pictorial warnings = within subject), imagery type (graphic, suffering, and symbolic imagery = within subject), and textual type (didactic versus testimonial = between subject), on negative emotional responses, message credibility, and perceived effectiveness of the HWLs. Second, we assessed whether the effects of HWLs on these outcomes were moderated by variables for which theories indicated differential responses to HWLs were likely (i.e., smoker identity and self-efficacy to quit among smokers, reactance to HWL stimuli and advertising exposure among all participants). Main and interactive effects of HWL manipulations and participant characteristics on outcomes vi were estimated using linear mixed effects models to adjust for correlated data due to repeated measures. We found that compared to text-only warnings, PHWLs were rated significantly higher on all outcomes. Within the PHWLs, those with graphic imagery were rated the highest on all outcomes, followed by suffering imagery, and symbolic imagery. No significant differences were found between textual types for any outcome. Smoker identity was negatively associated only with perceived effectiveness, with no significant interactions found. Self-efficacy was positively associated with all outcomes, finding a significant interaction with imagery type in models for negative emotions, suggesting that rating differences between text-only HWLs and symbolic PHWLs were greater amongst those with higher self-efficacy. Reactance was positively associated with all outcomes, significantly interacting with imagery type in models assessing negative emotions and perceived effectiveness. This suggests the differences between symbolic and suffering PHWLs were greater amongst those with low reactance than those with high reactance, although the pattern of results with regard to which HWL image styles had the strongest effects was the same. Advertising exposure was positively associated with all outcomes and significantly interacting with textual and imagery types when assessing message credibility and perceived effectiveness. This suggests that didactic HWLs were rated lower than testimonials in low exposure group but were rated higher in high exposure group, while differences between graphic and suffering PHWLs were greater in low exposure than in high exposure groups. Overall, specific types of HWL content produced a pattern of responses for Indonesia that is similar to other countries. Our findings add further support for FCTC vii recommendations to adopt graphic PHWLs, with no evidence found to suggest the negative effects for PHWLs in key subpopulations. viii PREFACE This dissertation outlines the epidemic of tobacco use in Indonesia as its underlying problem for the research. This dissertation also adds scientific evidences around the effectiveness of pictorial health warning label (PHWL) in the developing countries, and around characteristics of PHWLs that is most likely to be effective across subgroups of population. The method section of this dissertation provides details to conduct field experimental research as a cost-effective way to collect data targeted population. The chapter four of this dissertation lay outs two unpublished manuscripts as the result of the study, while chapter five provides summary and conclusion, along with practical and scientific implications, and suggestion for future research. This dissertation should be of interest for decision makers, specifically in the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, as well as for tobacco control advocates and researchers. It should also be of interest to scholars of public health, health communication, and health psychology. ix
Journal of Health Policy and Management, 2016
Background: Total number of smokers around the worldwide is approximately 140 million. The number ofdeaths causedby tobacco smoking related diseases is approximately 300,000 per year. Average age to start smoking is 17.6 years. The high number of smokers at young age indicates that public awareness of the dangers of smoking is still very low. This study aimed to determine theassociation between cigarette package warning messages, self-efficacy, and smoking behavior among students. Subject and Methods: This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design, carried out in Surakarta, Indonesia. A total of 71 students were selected by random sampling. The dependent variable was smoking behavior. The independent variables were illustrated the dangers of cigarette smoking advertising and self-efficacy. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by regression logistic. Results: There was a relationship between ads illustrated the dangers of cigarette smoking with smoking behavior (OR= 2.87; 95% CI= 0.91 to 9.03; p = 0.071). There was a relationship between the smoking behavior of yourself with the efficacy (OR = 0.23; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.74; p = 0.013). The ads illustrated the dangers of cigarette smoking and self-efficacy was able to explain the smoking behavior of 16.2%. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the ads illustrated the dangers of cigarette smoking, self-efficacy, and the smoking behavior.
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2022
The Indonesian government has mandated Graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packages to achieve more comprehensive tobacco control interventions. However, smoking prevalence remains a public health issue in Indonesia. This current qualitative research aimed to explore the effect of cigarette GWLs on smokers' perceptions about smoking and cigarette packaging in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and its influence on smoking behavior. The study participants consisted of 15 current smokers who were individually interviewed by using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis technique. Most participants perceived smoking as health-risk behavior yet lowered their risk perceptions of smoking-related diseases due to positive feelings of perceived current benefits of smoking and personal justification for smoking. None expressed any intention to quit or showed smoking behavior changes due to GWLs exposure on cigarette packages. Participants also implicitly expressed themselves as victims willing to quit but unable and unconfident to act due to smoking addiction and other stressors. In contrast, others perceived themselves as risk-taker who enjoyed smoking. Further research is still needed to provide robust evidence on GWLs effectiveness on smoking perception and smokers' cognitive and behavioral responses. Behavior change interventions should address positive feelings experienced and rationalization made by smokers to provide effective risk communication.
Malaysian Journal of Nursing
Introduction: The age of smokers in Indonesia is now getting younger; it has even touched the age of children. The prevalence of smoking among school-aged adolescents, or those aged 10–18 years, has increased by 9.1%. An initial survey in several junior high schools in Kabanjahe District showed that many students smoked in several shops around the school after returning from school. This study aims to determine the determinants of smoking behavior in junior high school students in Kabanjahe District. Methods: The type of research used is qualitative research with a phenomenological design. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews. The determination of informants used the purposive sampling method and obtained as many as four informants. Results: According to the findings of this study, the determinants of smoking behaviour in adolescents are their peers who invite them to smoke, factors associated with parents who do not supervise and even smoke in front of their ...