Synbiotics impact on dominant faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids production in sows (original) (raw)
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Animals
The study was conducted to determine the influence of newly elaborated synbiotic preparations on piglets’ intestinal microbiota and its metabolism. Animals were distributed among six experimental groups, in reference to used feed supplements, namely, synbiotics (A, B, or C) or commercially available probiotics (BioPlus 2B®, Chr. Hansen A/S, Horsholm, Denmark or Cylactin® LBC, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kaiseraugst, Switzerland), or its absence (control group). Until the 29th day of life, piglets were breastfed by sows, whose feed was supplemented, and fecal samples were collected at the 7th and 28th day of piglets’ life. After weaning of the piglets, the research was continued until the 165th day of the pigs’ life. The area of this work included the analysis of the piglets’ dominant fecal microbiota by the plate count method. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) was applied to establish variations in the concentrations of organic acids, namely, lactic...
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2020
Nutrients in the maternal diet favor the growth and development of suckling piglets and alter their gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity, thus affecting the hosts. The present study analyzed, in suckling piglets from sows receiving antibiotic or synbiotic supplements from pregnancy to lactation, several biochemical parameters, oxidative/anti-oxidative indices, inflammatory cytokines, and ingestion-related factor levels in plasma, as well as colonic microbiota composition and metabolic activity, and mucosal expression of genes related to the intestinal barrier function. Compared with the control group, maternal synbiotic supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the plasma levels of glucose, AMM, TC, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), MDA, H2O2, ghrelin, CCK, PP, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, Ala, Cys, Tau, and β-AiBA, the levels of propionate and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colonic luminal content, and colonic abundances of RFN20, Anaerostipes, and ...
Animals
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has prompted the reduction in antibiotic and antimicrobial use in commercial pig production. This has led to increased research efforts to identify alternative dietary interventions to support the health and development of the pig. The crucial role of the GIT microbiota in animal health and performance is becoming increasingly evident. Hence, promoting an improved GIT microbiota, particularly the pioneer microbiota in the young pig, is a fundamental focus. Recent research has indicated that the sow’s GIT microbiota is a significant contributor to the development of the offspring’s microbiota. Thus, dietary manipulation of the sow’s microbiota with probiotics or synbiotics, before farrowing and during lactation, is a compelling area of exploration. This review aims to identify the potential health benefits of maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation to both the sow and her offspring and to explore their possible mo...
Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2005
As part of an interdisciplinary research project, we studied the performance response of sows and their litters to the probiotic strain Bacillus cereus var. toyoi as well as feces consistency of piglets. Gestating sows (n ¼ 26) were randomly allotted into two groups. The probiotic B. cereus var. toyoi was administered by dietary supplementation to one group of sows and their respective litters (probiotic group) whereas the second group (control group) received no probiotic supplementation. The duration of the application was nearly 17 weeks for sows (day 90 ante partum until day 28 post partum) and six weeks for piglets (day 15 -56). Piglets were weaned after 28 days. Body weight and feed consumption were recorded weekly and fecal consistency of weaned piglets was studied daily. B. cereus var. toyoi was recovered from feces of sows and piglets as well as from digesta of piglets in the probiotic group, while being absent from all samples of control animals. In addition, the probiotic was detected in piglet feces and digesta before pre-starter feed was offered, indicating a second route of uptake besides diet. Sows of the probiotic group nursed numerically more piglets and supported a higher sum of total nursing days of all piglets within each litter than control sows ( p ¼ 0.04). In turn, body weight (BW) up to day 35 was greater for control piglets ( p 5 0.01), while average daily gain and gain to feed ratio (G:F) in weeks six and eight postweaning was higher in the probiotic group ( p 5 0.05). The overall G:F of the total postweaning period was 680 g/kg and 628 g/kg in the probiotic group and control group, respectively ( p ¼ 0.009). During the trial a high prevalence of liquid feces with its maximum in the second week after weaning was observed. Probiotic supplementation led to a reduction in the incidence of liquid feces and postweaning diarrhea by 38% and 59%, respectively ( p 5 0.001).
Frontiers in Microbiology
IntroductionVery little is known about the impact of n-3 long-chain fatty acids (n-3 LCFAs) on the microbiota of sows and their piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of n-3 LCFA in sow diets on the microbiota composition of sows’ feces, colostrum, and milk as well as that of piglets’ feces.MethodsTwenty-two sows were randomly assigned to either a control or an n-3 LCFA diet from service to weaning. Sows’ and piglets’ performance was monitored. The gestating and lactating sows’ microbiomes in feces, colostrum, and milk were characterized by 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The fecal microbiome from the two lowest (>800 g) and the two highest birth weight piglets per litter was also characterized, and the LPS levels in plasma were analyzed at weaning.Results and Discussionn-3 LCFA increased microbiota alpha diversity in suckling piglets’ and gestating sows’ feces. However, no effects were observed in colostrum, milk, or lactating sows’ feces. Dietary n-3 LCFA ...
Gut Microbiota Ecology Role in Animal Nutrition and Health Performance
J Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. , 2022
The principal components of gut health includes diet, effective structure and function of the GIT barrier (gut mucosal), with effective digestion and absorption of feed and effective immune status of the host and normal and stable micro biota including bacteria, protozoa and fungal zoospores coexist to enable efficient fermentation, absorption and boosting immunity for better host performance demanding holistic considerations. Ruminant's digestive fermentation results in fermentation end products of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), microbial protein and methane production in the rumen. The gut microbiota and their metabolic products also improve nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism, and overall health and growth performance. Microbial feed supplements as natural growth promoters might play an important role for enhancement of health and productive performance serving in prevention of disease, enhancement of desirable microbial growth in the host environment, stabilization of gut and ruminal pH, altered ruminal fermentation patterns, increased nutrient digestibility and flow of nutrients to the small intestine, improved nutrient retention and reduced stress through enhanced immune response. The gut micro biome of livestock plays a crucial role in feed conversion. The fermentation products are influenced by the type of microbes present, the type of feed, and factors such as genetics and the age of the animal. Feed contributes most to livestock production costs. Improving feed efficiency is crucial to increase profitability and sustainability for animal production. Understanding these functions and interactions will help to develop new dietary and managerial strategies that will ultimately lead to enhanced feed utilization and improved growth performance of animals. Feed efficiency and high performance animals are the crucial goals in livestock farming to cope up the increasing demand driven live stock products.
Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020
Synbiotics are employed as feed additives in animal production as an alternate to antibiotics for sustaining the gut microbiota and providing protection against infections. Dairy calves require a healthy diet and management to ensure a better future for the herd of dairy animals. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of synbiotics formulation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal bacterial count, metabolites, immunoglobulins, blood parameters, antioxidant enzymes and immune response of pre-ruminant Murrah buffalo calves. Twenty-four apparently healthy calves (5 days old) were allotted into four groups of six calves each. Group I (control) calves were fed a basal diet of milk, calf starter and berseem with no supplements. Group II (SYN1) calves were fed with 3 g fructooligosaccharide (FOS) + Lactobacillus plantarum CRD-7 (150 ml). Group III (SYN2) calves were fed with 6 g FOS + L. plantarum CRD-7 (100 ml), whereas calves in group IV (SYN3) received 9 g FOS + L. plantarum CRD-7 (50 ml). The results showed that SYN2 had the highest (P < 0.05) crude protein digestibility and average daily gain compared to the control. Fecal counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium were also increased (P < 0.05) in supplemented groups as compared to control. Fecal ammonia, diarrhea incidence and fecal scores were reduced in treated groups while lactate, volatile fatty acids and antioxidant enzymes were improved compared to the control. Synbiotic supplementation also improved both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in buffalo calves. These findings indicated that synbiotics formulation of 6 g FOS + L. plantarum CRD-7 in dairy calves improved digestibility, antioxidant enzymes, and immune status, as well as modulated the fecal microbiota and decreased diarrhea incidence. Therefore, synbiotics formulation can be recommended for commercial use in order to achieve sustainable animal production. Dairy calves require a balanced diet and proper management to ensure a better future for animal health and production. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of calves is sterile prior to parturition, but the neonate's tract is colonized by microbes from the surrounding environment and birth canal 1. The GIT microbiota of newborn calves is highly sensitive to changes in diet, environment, disease, and stress that affect the microbial flora. The GIT serves as the main organ for nutrient absorption and acts as the first line of defense until the immune system cells have fully developed 2. It is estimated that about 20% calf mortality rate in herds can reduce net earnings by up to 40%. Neonatal diarrhea is the primary cause of death in calves throughout their pre-ruminant lives in the dairy sector 3. Antibiotics have long been used to prevent and treat gastrointestinal infections in dairy animals. However, indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which has long-term consequences, as well as the destruction of healthy gut microflora 4. As a result, AMR-free feeding is required for safe and healthy livestock production. Prebiotics and probiotics and their combinations could be used as a substitute to treat GI illnesses and boost the host's immune function. Prebiotics are oligomers that cannot be metabolized by digestive enzymes and can thus be used by gut microbes to accelerate their growth and development 5. They promote the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria by protecting the intestinal walls from pathogens and reducing microbe expansion in the GI
Administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria to modulate fecal microbiome in feedlot cattle
Scientific Reports
Modulation of animal gut microbiota is a prominent function of probiotics to improve the health and performance of livestock. In this study, a large-scale survey to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria probiotics on shaping the fecal bacterial community structure of feedlot cattle during three experimental periods of the fattening cycle (163 days) was performed. A commercial feedlot located in northwestern Argentina was enrolled with cattle fed mixed rations (forage and increasing grain diet) and a convenience-experimental design was conducted. A pen (n = 21 animals) was assigned to each experimental group that received probiotics during three different periods. Groups of n = 7 animals were sampled at 40, 104 and 163 days and these samples were then pooled to one, thus giving a total of 34 samples that were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The microbial diversity of fecal samples was significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the administration period compared with probi...