Removal of Petroleum Products from Water Using Natural Sorbent Zeolite (original) (raw)
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Activated natural zeolites for petroleum hydrocarbons adsorption
Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia
This study was carried out with the aim of increasing and determining the activated zeolites' adsorption capacity by testing their efficiency on petroleum hydrocarbons. Natural zeolite samples were sequentially studied after thermal and chemical activations. The results indicated that after the activations, the zeolite samples gained an increasing adsorption capacity of petroleum hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the zeolites with small particulate sizes (<10 µm) have a higher adsorption capacity than the zeolites with a granulometry of 1-3 mm. The metal content ranged between 4200-7400 mg/kg Na, 15090-22990 mg/kg Ca, 2670-3950 mg/kg Mg, 19470-19670 mg/kg K, 6140-7210 mg/kg Fe and 149-178 mg/kg Mn. Mineralogical analyzes (X-ray diffraction-XRD and scanning electron microscopy-SEM) were applied for the characterization of the zeolites. According to the XRD results, the zeolites are characterized by a 64 % crystallization level. The main mineral which was determined was Clinoptilolite-Ca. The SEM micrographs indicate the morphology of zeolite surfaces.
Modified Jordanian zeolitic tuff in hydrocarbon removal from surface water
Journal of Environmental Management, 2019
This work aims to investigate the potential of Jordanian raw zeolitic tuff (RZT) as oil adsorbent for oil-contaminated water. As hydrophobic properties are the primary determinants of effective oil adsorbents, the hydrophobicity of RZT was enhanced by dealumination process; since the degree of hydrophobicity of zeolites is directly dependent on their aluminum content. The microemulsion modification of the dealuminated zeolitic tuff (TZT) was also applied to increase its hydrophobicity. The raw and modified tuffs were characterized in terms of the surface area and porosity (BET), mineral composition (XRD), microstructure and morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In this work, a mixture of water and kerosene was used to examine the hydrophobic/organophilic character of raw and modified zeolitic tuff. Water/dodecane and water/octane mixtures were used to study the kinetics of the adsorption over zeolitic tuff. The results revealed that the sorption capacity using kerosene as a mixed model (water-oil) was enhanced by three-and four-fold for TZT and micro-emulsified zeolitic (MeTZT) tuff respectively. The adsorption capacity of modified zeolitic was compared with that of activated carbon adsorbents.
Study of Treatment Efficiency of Wastewater Collected from the Surface of Roads by Natural Zeolite
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
One of the main tasks of raising the technical level of highways, safety and environmental performance is timely and targeted collection and removal of water from the surface of roads and subsequent cleaning of pollution. In modern technologies of water purification processes of water filtering and filtering materials occupy the dominant position. The progressive environmental degradation of water bodies requires constant updating of filter elements, which include higher technological and environmental requirements. The new generation of modern filter materials include zeolites. In order to use the sorbents for the removal of oil, they are to be hydrophobic and, at the same time, absorbing oil well. As a result of comparative evaluation of sorption purification of waste water from the surface of roads, using zeolite and gravel mixture there was determined the efficiency of using alternative materials. The introduction of new methods of treatment using natural zeolites solves the problem of raising the technical level of highways, traffic safety and environmental performance.
Increases in environmental pollutants led to use of natural low cost materials such as zeolite, which prove their effective in water treatment. Natural zeolite obtained from Jabal Hannoun (local) and imported zeolites, clinoptilolite-rich tuff obtained from U.S.A, Syrian zeolitic tuff, and synthetic faujasite-13X were used as adsorbent. Characterization of raw and modified zeolite has been studied to verify their physical chemical and mineralogical properties, in order to note any changes occur during the modification of zeolite. The feasibility of using surfactant-modified zeolite to remove aniline and its derivatives from water in the broad band of concentrations (5-200 mg L-1) was evaluated by batch experiments. The results showed that a significant increase in aniline and its derivatives sorption capacity could be achieved at the loading level of hexadecyltrimethylammonium, a cationic surfactant, on zeolite surfaces at monolayer coverage. Adsorption equilibrium was carried out at different initial concentrations and different pH varies from 3 to 11. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to the experimental data. The data best fitted the Freundlich model. It was found that the aniline removal efficiency by using clinoptilolite-rich tuff has the highest maximum adsorption 50% compared to the other zeolite. The maximum efficiency removal for N-Methylaniline reached upto 69.5% by using Syrian-zeolite. A decrease in N,N-Dimethylaniline removal by surfactant-modified zeolite, and the maximum efficiency removal was 16% by using Jordanian-Faujasite. The results show that the optimum pH of the adsorption of aniline and its derivatives by surfactant-modified zeolite was almost in acidic and neutral pH conditions. Characterization of raw and surfactant-modified zeolite was carried out using several techniques such as cation exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. UV/VIS spectrophotometer was used in equilibrium analysis.
Synthetic zeolites as sorbent material for PRBs at industrially contaminated sites
An innovative system for the treatment of groundwater contaminated by different classes of organic pollutants is proposed: hydrocarbons, chlorinated compounds, such as 1,2 dichloroethane (1,2 DCA), or methyl-ter-butyl-ether (MtBE). The use of hydrophobic zeolites (HZ) overcomes the problems associated with the treatment of these compounds, whose remediation is very difficult by currently available technologies based on activated carbon (GAC) or zerovalent iron (ZVI). In fact, the selectivity of HZ is based on chemical-physic affinities of adsorbate to adsorbent. A wide range of pollutants related to oil industry activities has been examined: chlorinated ethanes, ethenes and benzenes, mono and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The results showed good to excellent sorption capacity and velocity. The complete remediation of two cases is demonstrated: the first is relative to groundwater containing aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of MtBE, the second to groundwater contaminated by 1,2 DCA and chlorinated alkenes. It has been shown that sorption capacity of zeolites was not inhibited by the presence of high concentrations of ions commonly present in groundwater, even in coastal sites. The experimental activities have been carried out in laboratory simulation apparatus.
Zeolites in technologies of pollution prevention and remediation of aquatic systems
Vestnik of Institute of Geology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch RAS
The efforts of applied mineralogists and chemists are combined to produce sorbents that are competitive in the world market. Modern methods were used to study the physical and chemical (technological) properties of natural sorbents. We observed the technologies of modification of analcime-bearing rocks to increase the efficiency of pollution prevention and remediation of aquatic systems. We presented a comparative evaluation of sorption-filtering properties of analcime-bearing rocks and quartz sand to improve the process of purification of drinking and waste water from various types of pollution.
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2007
We report the results of laboratory-scale evaluation of a produced-water treatment system. The system used surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) to strip the volatile organic compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-, m-and o-xylene (BTEX) from produced water generated as a byproduct of oil and gas recovery. We used laboratory column studies to (1) investigate how different airflow rates impact regeneration of BTEX-saturated SMZ and (2) perform long-term tests to determine the chemical and physical stability of SMZ in a produced-water treatment system.
Characterization of Natural Zeolite and Determination Its Adsorption Properties
Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, 2016
Pollution of water by toxic substances is one of the major reason concerning human health as well as the environmental quality. In terms of pollution, mining activities represent a serious threat. Countries of the middle Europe, where extraction of mineral resources takes place a long period, have to solve the problems of wastewater containing whole spectra of heavy metals, which are dangerous to the environment. Finding of the new and cheap ways of wastewater contaminated by heavy metals treatment can increase the quality of the environment in the affected localities and thus prevent adverse effects on fauna, flora or human beings. Sorption techniques belong to a cost effective methods that are able to effectively remove heavy metals. For the overall understanding of the sorption process, it is necessary to characterize and determine the properties of the used adsorbents. The paper deals with characterization of natural zeolite before and after sorption process under acidic conditions. The zeolite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms.
Removal of Water from Natural Gas UsingZeolite 4A and Zeolite 5A
2009
This report is discussed regarding the research on Removal of Water from Natural Gas using Zeolite 4A and Zeolite 5A. The natural gas that comes from the well usually is saturated with water. Tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) is being used for many decades in the industry as one of the absorbent in removing water from natural gas but there are some problems and difficulties when dealing with this type of absorbent. Therefore, this project is conducted to find the alternatives in removing water from natural gas and to evaluate whether zeolites can be practiced and applied for offshore practices. Zeolites have been proved that they able to remove carbon dioxide from natural gas. A lot of research done proves that zeolites have a big potential to remove water vapour from natural gas effectively. To know the properties of chosen zeolites, characterization by using Surface Area Analyzer, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) has been executed. Surface Area Analyzer is used to determine pore size and pore volume. Zeolite 4A has higher surface area, pore diameter and micropore volume compared to Zeolite 5A. Both of zeolites exhibit monolayer and chemisorption type of adsorption. XRD shows that Zeolite 4A is more crystal than Zeolite 5A. Both of zeolites are cubic crystal system with identical lattice parameters. XRF is performed to know the elemental composition in zeolites and from the result, it is confirm that Zeolite 4A in a sodium form and Zeolite 5A in a calcium form. FESEM is executed to observe the morphology of the zeolite. From the image obtained, pore size and interconnecting pores of Zeolite 5A seems bigger than Zeolite 4A. TGA result shows both zeolites have higher degradation temperature than 900 °C. It was concluded that by using certain techniques, Zeolite 4A and Zeolite 5A can be identified for their pore area and pore volume, structure properties, elemental composition, morphology and thermal stability. Dynamic Performance Study has been conducted by varying pressure20 to 60 bar, with constant flowate of 5LPM and constant temperature of 50°C in order to study the performance of the zeolites in removing water from natural gas. The best zeolite was selected based on adsorbent capacity and percentage of removing water from natural gas. It was concluded that lower pressure give better result since it give higher adsorption capacity and total water of ii removal from natural gas. Zeolite 5A is found give better performance in removing water from natural gas than Zeolite 4A due to its affinities towards water.