Mechanical displacement induced in a piezoelectric structure: Experimental measurement by laser interferometry and simulation by a finite element method (original) (raw)
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Ceramics International, 2020
The piezoelectric material behavior, including loss mechanism, under external DC electric field and stress biases have been extensively studied in lead zirconate titanate ceramics. However, in order to achieve a better understanding of these effects, development of a comprehensive model is required. The purpose of this paper is to develop a phenomenological model to explain the nonlinear nature of piezoelectric parameters under DC bias electric field and stress. Therefore, the Landau-Devonshire energy function considering external biases was developed and accordingly the material properties were derived, based on first order approximation. In order to explain the compliance and piezoelectric constants change higher order elastic and electrostrictive terms were introduced into the Gibb's free energy function. Accordingly, thermodynamic theory parameters, including higher order parameters, of a soft PZT were measured and characterized based on inverse permittivity behavior near Curie temperature. Finally, the phenomenological model predictions of material property changes under DC bias electric field and compressive stress were compared with experimental data reported by our group. The proposed model succeeded to explain the material properties change under external biases. Furthermore, the effect of DC electric field and compressive stress on loss parameters were explained based on domain wall motion.
New tools for electromechanical characterisation of piezoceramics
Journal of Electroceramics, 2007
This paper presents three methods that can be used to characterise piezoelectric integrated structures or materials, based on the resolution of an inverse problem. Analytical models that describe the electrical and/or mechanical behaviour of the material or structure as a function of piezoelastic properties are developed, and the appropriate measurements are carried out on the piezoelectric materials. The fitting of these models with experimental data allows the piezoelastic properties to be determined. Three characterisation methods are described. The first one is based on the electrical impedance measurement of piezoelectric integrated structures. The second one, purely acoustic, is based on the measurement of transmission coefficients of a plane wave through a piezoelectric plate. The third method uses the principle of resonance ultrasound spectroscopy of a piezoelectric cube combined with Laser detection.
Non linear effects in piezoelectric materials
The static and dynamic non-linear behaviours of a soft and a hard zirconate titanate composition are investigated in this paper as a function of electrical and mechanical fields. The calculated Rayleigh coefficients show that they are similar for the permittivity ε T 33 and the piezoelectric constant and nul for the voltage constant d 33 and the compliance at zero D (D = dielectric displacement). A non-linear electromechanical equivalent circuit is built up with components proportional to D. Finally an extended model to non-Rayleigh type behaviours is proposed.
Applied Physics Letters, 2013
The electrode size dependence of the effective large signal piezoelectric response coefficient (d 33,f) of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films is investigated by using double beam laser interferometer measurements and finite element modeling. The experimentally observed electrode size dependence is shown to arise from a contribution from the substrate. The intrinsic PZT contribution to d 33,f is independent of electrode size and is equal to the theoretical value derived assuming a rigid substrate. The substrate contribution is strongly dependent on the relative size of the electrode with respect to the substrate thickness. For electrode sizes larger than the substrate thickness, the substrate contribution is positive and for electrode sizes smaller than the substrate thickness, the substrate contribution is negative. In the case of silicon substrates, if the electrode size is equal to the substrate thickness, the substrate contribution vanishes, and the measured value of d 33,f is equal to the theoretical value under the rigid substrate assumption. V
Journal of Applied Physics, 2014
The electric-field-induced strain response mechanism in a polycrystalline ceramic/ceramic composite of relaxor and ferroelectric materials has been studied using in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction. The addition of ferroelectric phase material in the relaxor matrix has produced a system where a small volume fraction behaves independently of the bulk under an applied electric field. Inter-and intra-grain models of the strain mechanism in the composite material consistent with the diffraction data have been proposed. The results show that such ceramic/ceramic composite microstructure has the potential for tailoring properties of future piezoelectric materials over a wider range than is possible in uniform compositions. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
14th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics, 2004. ISAF-04. 2004, 2004
contribute to the high electromechanical performance of stressbiased actuators with particular attention being given to the importance of the extrinsic (domain wall translation) response mechanism. Based on the variation in lateral stress through the thickness of the piezoelectric layer within these devices, it has been suggested that the piezoelectric coefficient varies as a function of position within the layer, though no direct evidence has been previously presented. In this study, the results of Moiré interferometry investigations of local strains within these devices are reviewed. The technique permits effective depth-profiling of local deformations at reasonably high (0.25 µm) resolution. A least squares regression analysis approach was used in conjunction with classical laminate theory and free edge effects to fit this experimental data to depth-dependent piezoelectric response. As expected, higher d-coefficients were predicted for the upper free surface of the device compared to the interface with the stainless steel substrate. The predicted values were in general agreement with expectation and are further considered from the perspective of recent reports in the literature regarding multi-axial loading effects on the electromechanical properties of lead zirconate titanate-based piezoelectric ceramics.
Constitutive Behaviour of Ferroelectric Piezoceramics: Experiments and Modeling
Piezoceramics are presently being used increasingly as sensors and actuators in a wide variety of electromechanical applications, for instance, piezoelectric fuel injectors in common rail diesel and gasoline engines. We will introduce the basic mesoscopic domain mechanisms typical of these materials and their relation to macroscopic hysteresis phenomena and piezoelectric properties. In the attempt to improve the performance and especially the reliability of the components, considerable efforts have been made in the development of predictive constitutive models for the coupled and non-linear electromechanical behaviour of piezoceramics. The success of such constitutive models depends strongly on the availability of suitable measurements. Supported by DFG, fruitful experimental work has been carried out for a commercial soft PZT polycrystalline material (PIC151, PI Ceramic) under co-axial, coupled electromechanical loading at room temperature. Furthermore, we will discuss a micromechanical finite element simulation of a ferroelectric volume element, where each grain exhibits single crystal behaviour for the switching of its domains. Next, we will turn to macroscopic constitutive modeling. We will present a phenomenological as well as a micromechanically based model. We will present the application of these models to the analysis of poling processes of piezoceramic devices. The main purpose of this publication is to give a summary and to guide the reader to original papers for detailed reports.
Materials Letters, 2013
Piezoelectric materials perform mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion and have unique and enhanced properties, particularly in the thin film form. In this work, the nanomechanical properties of strontium-doped lead zirconate titanate thin films are investigated by nanoindentation. Finite element modeling of the nanoindentation process allows for a comparison of the simulated and experimentally measured load-displacement curves. New insights correlating the nanomechanical and piezoelectric properties of thin films have been obtained which will enable more efficient design of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.
Vibration characterization procedure of piezoelectric ceramic parameters
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2015
To integrate new functionalities inside the mechanical structures for active vibration control, mechatronic, energy harvesting or fatigue management, it is necessary to developp a real fully distributed set of transducers and to include them at the heart of composite materials. To reach this goal, it is absolutely necessary to limit the cost of the numerous transducing elements with respect to the global system cost and, in the same time, to well-know the electromechanical behavior of theses transducers in order to well-design the system controller. In this paper, an experimental non-destructive procedure based on the analysis of anti-resonance and resonance frequencies of the transducers is proposed for determining the material coefficients of interest. This measurement process is applied to low-cost thin disks made of piezoceramics.