First molecular identification of wheat seed gall nematode Anguina tritici races parasitized on wheat in Iraq (original) (raw)
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Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture
This study aimed to investigate the existence of wheat seed gall nematode Anguina tritici in the silos and some wheat fileds in Duhok province / Kurdistan Region-Iraq.,and diagnose four new isolates of this nematode on wheat and one isolate on barley collected from different loactions in Iraq.The results indiacted that wheat impurities samples were infested with seed galls by 66 % as the highest percentager in silo of Faidia during 2020, while the lowest (6%) recoded in the silo of Zakho during the same year.The highest disease incidence was recorded in the wheat fields of Akre by 34.6%,while the lowest (2%) in the wheat fields of Semel. Molecular identification results revealed that the bands of amplified DNA products of all nematode isolates were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis in the same position ("~" up to 750 bp).Sequencing of the partial gene 5.8S rRNA gene confirmed that all nematode isolates belong to seed gall nematode A.tritici, also a description of their accession number by blast program showed the same percentage identitiy (100 %), and their comparision by a DNA Dot Plot emphasized that they are genetically similar. Results of phylogenetic tree analysis showed grouping of nematode isolates with each other and with the other two isolates of the same species from Iraq,whilst nucleotide variations increased with other nematode species of the same genus,and increased more with other nematode species of the same family (Anguinidae).
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2014
A survey of silos of Duhok province which involved silo of Zakho, Faydeyi, Shekhan in 2010 and 2011 revealed that the highest percentage of infested seeds by seed galls were 10.76 and 13.03% for samples of bread and durum wheat respectively in Faydeyi silo in 2011. Among durum wheat cultivars (c.vs) Arey cv. was more susceptible to wheat seed gall nematode Anguina tritici which was infected by 65.33% compared to 37.12% in Wahe cv.as the lowest percentage of infection. In Bread cvs.the highest percentage of infection by nematode was 72.85% in Maxipak cv. While the lowest was 42.17% in Cham-4 cv. Detection of the pathogen host range on several poaceae plants indicated that weed plants which were involved Oat (Avena fatua), Ray grass (Bromus inermis),darnel or cockle (Lolium temulentum) and small canary grass (Phalaris minor) with two barley cvs. (Abae99, Aksad13) did not affected by this nematode except Triticale (Rowaeda cv.) which was infected by b 20.32%. Results of host range study referred to the existence of new race of this nematode in Duhok province due to its ability to parasitism on both durum and bread wheat cultivars.
Wheat Seed Gall Nematode Anguina Tritici in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region - Iraq and its Biology
Science Journal of University of Zakho, 2013
A survey of several wheat fields at Duhok province during 2010 and 2011 was carried out in Slevani (Duban) plain, Kemeka and Bakhetmi villages, fields around Semel city and other fields along roads of Kora and Kemeka to determine infection percentage by Anguina tritici . Highest infection during 2010 was 11% and 10.4% in wheat fields of Kemeka and Bakhetmi respectively, whereas the lowest was 0.56% in wheat field of Bakhetmi village during 2011.A tritici completed its life cycle in 135- 165 days under field conditions at Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Semel-Duhok. Dimensions of Females were 2400 × 132.55 µm, whereas for males was 1790 × 82.19 µm and for second stage Juveniles (J2) and eggs were 490 × 24.9 µm and 94.5 × 38.7 µm respectively.
Bioassay and Pathogenicity of Wheat Seed Gall Nematode Anguina Tritici
Science Journal of University of Zakho, 2015
Highest infection percentage recorded in Abo-graib and wahe CVs. (83.3%) followed by Smeto (80.3%) while less infection percentage was in Rezgare and Al-Aez CVs. (33.3%). more galls (14 galls/ spike) formed in Sham-2 C.V. followed by Abo-graib, Smeto, Tammoz-2, Maxipak and Al-Aez respectively. highest number of nematode (12773) occurred in large galls, while the lowest (8145) in small galls. A. tritici population density increased dramatically with increase in galls size reached a peak (15112 second stage juveniles/gall) in big size gall. Results revealed that the vitality of second stage juveniles reached its maximum level (8.87%) at 12 Cº with no significant differences with the validity percentage at 6 Cº while it reached its minimum level (1%) at 20 Cº.
Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences
The field experiment was carried out in the fields of a farmer in Kirkuk governorate / Hawija district N 43º36´17.73"E"05.56´ 35º16, and the study included the planting of the crop rotation crops (mung beans, sunflower and sesame and without planting) in the summer For the year 2020, and in the winter season, the wheat crop, Sham 6 variety, was planted in the experimental units planted with the crops of the agricultural rotation, as well as fallow land that was not planted with any previous crop. The wheat crop was treated with inducting factors (atonic, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and organic copper) by two sprays, the first at the branching stage and the second at the end of the elongation stage, for each of the inducting factors, the randomized complete block design was used in the arrangement of the split plot RCBD in split plot), the results of the experiment showed a significant superiority of the induction treatment with organic copper in reducing the infectio...
Molecular and Morphometric Identification of P. Thornei and P. Neglectus in Southwest of Iran
Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 2012
Root lesion nematodes are considered as important agents of wheat yield reduction in most parts of the wheat growing areas. To elucidate disease situation in Khuzestan, a southwestern province of Iran, 40 soil & wheat root samples were collected. Morphological studies indicated that disease casual agents belong to Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus species. Morphometric studies showed that Differences exist in the body length compared with the studies done so far on these two species of nematode. The DNA of the two species, namely Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus, were extracted concidering Madani et al. [1], Silva et al. [2] and Waeyenberg et al. [3] plus some modifications. The quantity and quality of extracted DNA and its ability in DNA amplification and clearance of PCR bands were compared and the results showed that modified methods of Madani et al. [1] and Waeyenberg et al. [3] were the best methods for P. thornei and P. neglectus species. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and speciesspecific primers were used to identify P. thornei and P. neglectus.
Genetic Fingerprinting of Root Knot Nematode as important Pest in EGYPT
2018
Root knot nematode is considered as one of the most important nematode all over the world in Egypt it was found out that theses nematode attack the root system of most vegetables, fruits and Feld crops causing significance damages and economic loss .Using the morphological characterization isn't enough for nematode identification to species. So different molecular technology was used to identify different isolated of these nematode for fast and more accurate results. The internal transcript spacer (ITS) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences were used to distinguish between different major species of root knot nematode. DNA fragments containing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA were amplified from DNA genome of different Meloidogyne spp. isolates from different governorate in Egypt. Ten females were used to amplify PCR product. When primers 5368 and 5367 were used for amplification of the ITS region, every isolate from the Meloidogyne spp. gave one major product of approximately 760 bp. When ITS regions of all isolates were digested with restriction enzymes, by using RFLP test (Restriction fragment length polymorphisms), the size of the DNA fragment using Hind III was strong band at 560 bp and another weak band at 200 bp that is typical for M. incognita and M. javanica with Hinf I, bands of 440 and 320 pb were obtained while 520, 240 bp bands were cleared when EcoRl are used. Four bands of 220, 200, 180 and 160 bp were obtained when I restriction enzyme was used. In multiplex test, a fragment of 415 bp was obtained when M. incognita was used as template (positive control), that confirming the fact that most nematodes isolates in Egypt are M.
Development of a species-specific PCR to detect the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons
Nematology, 2013
Several Heterodera species can reduce the yield of wheat and barley, among which H. avenae, H. filipjevi and H. latipons are economically the most important. Their identification, based on morphological characteristics, is not straightforward but can be made easier using molecular techniques. In this study, we developed species-specific primers for the detection of H. latipons. The actin gene of eight Heterodera species was partially sequenced and, after purifying and sequencing the PCR products, all sequences were aligned to find unique sites. The alignment showed moderate to very high similarities between the species. However, a small fragment of the actin gene was suitable for the construction of a potentially useful species-specific primer for H. latipons. The optimised PCR was subsequently tested with several populations of 14 Heterodera species and a single population of Punctodera punctata. Heterodera latipons was represented by 16 populations originating from six different countries. The primer set (Hlat-act), designed using AlleleID 7.73, was shown to be very specific. To test its sensitivity further, the PCR was conducted on DNA extracted from five second-stage juveniles (J2) of H. latipons mixed with five or 100 J2 belonging to H. avenae. The PCR was able to detect up to 1:10 dilution of the DNA obtained from five J2. The results showed that a specific and sensitive H. latipons species-specific PCR was constructed.