Village and Rural Settlement in the Early Near East: An Essay Dedicated to the Memory of Robert and Linda Braidwood (original) (raw)
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Study of the Elementary Base of the Settlement Systems
2016
The article analyzes current changes that occur in the elementary structure of the settlement systems and also reflects the methodology of their study. Special attention is paid to the methodology of studying the directionality and intensity of relations between the settlements, dynamics of reciprocal development of the settlements in the system, homogeneity degree of the network of populated areas. All of the abovementioned provides an opportunity to establish the boundaries of the settlement system and allocate the nucleus of the system in the future. Investigation of the development level of the settlements’ functions is the foundation for the establishment of their role in the settlement system, particularly the centrality or peripherality of the settlement.
Chapter 3: Settlement Pattern Analysis
Analysis of regional settlement patterns is useful in the interpretation of social and economic activities. Geographic information related to site locations and distribution is assumed to be reliable and can offer generalized information about the nature of social, economic, and political relationships between settlements (Parsons 1972). The extent of social and political territories has also been evaluated using a combination of settlement data and ceramic assemblages to track exchange patterns through time [Parkinson (2006) in Kowaleski ]. Several models in particular have proven useful in the interpretation of settlement distribution and continue to be adapted to explain more detailed geographic information.
Excavations at Akrotiri in the years 1999-2002 yielded new evidence on the history of habitation at the site from the Neolithic period to the LC I/LM IA final phase of the settlement and uncovered new sectors of the LC I town at the north part of the as yet excavated area. This paper presents evidence from this newly-excavated north sector, with emphasis on the nature of the domestic units uncovered in the north/northwest part and the activities of the inhabitants during the disruptive phase before the volcanic eruption. The expansion of the LC I settlement to the north was apparently a communal decision implemented during the reorganisation of the layout of the town at the end of the MC period. The limited evidence for earlier remains in the area and the configuration of the new sector by the same principles of urban planning evident in other parts of the settlement (with provision for roads, squares, sewage system) demonstrate that the transformation of the physical landscape in response to particular needs complied with rules set on the community level. Of particular interest is the comparison of the newly-uncovered two-storied domestic units with other buildings and complexes in the settlement, in terms of function and interdependence. Moreover, the ample evidence for systematic and well-planned re-organisation activities attested in the settlement as a result of collective action in the period just before the eruption, further substantiates the argument for a high level of social integration in the community. In light of the absence, as yet, of any building that could qualify as the administrative seat of a ruler or a body of rulers at Akrotiri, the discussion on the role of Houses in the political and economic organisation of the community certainly affords due consideration.
Syria
-Cette communication se propose d'esquisser les grandes lignes du développement des installations humaines dans la vallée de l'Oronte autour de la ville moderne de Homs depuis le Néolithique jusqu'à l'époque islamique. Les données tirées de dix campagnes de terrain entreprises par le projet « Installation humaine et paysages dans la région de Homs, Syrie (1999-2010) » sont utilisées pour tracer les principaux développements dans la distribution et l'organisation des établissements dans chacun des trois ensembles de paysages contrastés. Les changements observés en diachronie dans chaque ensemble sont analysés dans la perspective de leurs possibles relations avec les développements politiques et économiques à une échelle régionale plus large. mots-clés-Vallée de l'Oronte, Homs, Néolithique, période islamique, paysage, installation humaine, échelon local, échelon régional abstract-This paper presents the main developments in settlement organization in the Orontes Valley around the modern city of Homs from the Neolithic through to the Islamic period. Data drawn from ten seasons of ieldwork undertaken by the project "Settlement and Landscape Development in the Homs Region, Syria (1999-2010)" are used to delineate the main developments in settlement distribution and organization in each of three contrasting landscape units. Settlement change over time in each unit is considered in terms of its possible relationship to political and economic developments at a wider regional scale.
A research on the continuity of the original settlements: A case study on Kemaliye/Erzincan
İTÜ dergisi A, 2016
One of the most important reasons of settlements looking like each other, despite the differences of their geographies and cultures, is the cultural disengagement due to the uniformity of socio-cultural stratification. This simultaneously creates negative impacts on many original settlements. Consequently; today, we need design approaches, aiming to provide solutions for the disconnection of people and spaces to help continue the architectural and urban characteristics of original settlements while they are in a process of development. This study handles such approaches in line with the "critical regionalism" concept of Frampton. A theoretical basis is formed over Giancarlo De Carlo and his architectural approach in Urbino can be assessed within the framework of critical regionalism. Over this theoretical basis, Kemaliye, chosen as the study location, is evaluated in terms of continuity, in light of data based on field practices.
Page 89-95 Territoriality in the traditional settlement context
This research is a literature study which discusses the concept of territoriality space theory. The observation focus in the context of traditional settlement, which emphasize on the social and cultural aspect that related to the social system and physical culture in traditional settlement context. The aim of this study to seek and uncover gap knowledge of space territoriality concept or theory that has been widely studied and researched, whether it has been done in more depth in behavioral and cultural aspects of society? Is the context of the traditional settlement has been studied in more depth and comprehensively?.Traditional settlements as the physical environment or setting is unique, and the distinctiveness have not been studied and examined in more depth. Territoriality is the relationship between space with humans, the study approach with a focus on cultural norms, and different societies will generate a form and a different concept of space. Finally, the results based on literature review shows that the concept or theory of territoriality in the traditional settlements context in more depth and comprehensively in the aspects of culture and behavior has not been done. Therefore, a specify and comprehension study of territoriality space on the traditional settlement need to be done, in order to find out an adequate formula related to territoriality space on the traditional settlement.
History of settlement: processes and patterns
Chapter in: Hebinck, P. and P. C. Lent (eds.), Livelihoods and Landscapes: The people of Guquka and Koloni and their resources . Leiden/Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2007
This chapter elucidates the history of the two villages and should be read against the historical background provided in chapter 2. Here we focus primar-ily on the dynamics of settlement and the social processes that, over time, have shaped these villages. Although there are some discrepancies in accounts, formal and informal, of when Koloni was first established it is thought that both villages have their origins around 1850, in the aftermath of the Frontier Wars between the colonising English and the Xhosa.