Exergy analysis of the energy use in Greece (original) (raw)
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Exergy-based comparison of two Greek industries
International Journal of Exergy, 2011
In this work, the potential of the increase in exergy and energy efficiency of the Greek construction and Food, Drink and Tobacco (FDT) industries has been examined using energy and exergy analysis methodology. These two industries play a vital role towards sustainable development of the country. The continuous increase in energy use in these two industries during the years 1971-2000 shows that both remain steadily in an ascendant orbit. The aim was to analyse and compare the energy use and exergy consumption in the Greek construction and FDT industries to gain insights into each sector's efficiency of energy use.
Energy and exergy utilization assessment of the Greek transport sector
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Transport is of fundamental importance to human society, providing mobility and facilitating industry and trade. Nevertheless there are also many environmental impacts; thus it is crucial that transportation planning is carried out in a sustainable manner meeting optimum travel needs, promote economic prosperity and environmental preservation. In assessing the efficiency of transportation, exergy analysis is an effective tool. This work presents an energy and exergy utilization assessment for the transportation sector of Greece taking into account the sectoral energy and exergy flows for the period over 1980-2003. Energy and exergy analyses are conducted for the four subsectors of the Greek transport sector, namely highways, railways, marine and civil aviation. The road subsector appears to be the most efficient in comparison to the other subsectors for the years between 1980 and 2003. It is believed that the exergy analysis presented here provides insights into the transport energy use and could assist in the planning of an efficient transport system.
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This study presents the analysis of the energy and exergy utilization of the Turkish residential-commercial sector (TRCS) in the years of 2000 and 2020 and compares the results obtained with those of other countries available in the literature. This analysis is done based on the actual data for 2000, while the projected energy data for 2020 are used in the calculations. Total energy and exergy inputs are calculated to be 3527.20 PJ and 3469.62 PJ in 2000, while they are projected to be 12,898.51 PJ and 12,636.99 PJ in 2020, respectively. Annual fuel consumptions in space heating, water heating and cooking activities as well as electrical energy uses by appliances are determined for 2000, while they are forecasted from 2004 to 2020. The energy efficiency value for the TRCS is found to be 55.60% in 2000, and is expected to be 65.53% in 2020. The exergy efficiency value for that is obtained to be 8.02% in 2000, with a projected value of 10.07% in 2020. Turkey's overall energy and exergy utilization efficiencies in the same years are also found to be 44.91% and 24.78% in 2000, with the projected values of 55.15% and 30.44% in 2020, respectively. The present study clearly indicates the necessity of the planned studies towards increasing exergy efficiencies in the sector studied and especially the critical role of policymakers in establishing effective energy-efficiency delivery mechanisms throughout the country. It may be concluded that the current methodology is useful for analyzing the sectoral energy and exergy utilization, giving energy saving opportunities. r
Energy and exergy utilisation in the Greek building sector
International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy, 2008
In the present paper, the potential of the Greek building sector is examined using the energy and exergy analysis methodology. The building sector can play a crucial role in the efforts towards sustainable development. The building sector plays a significant role in the Greek economy as it engages more than 310,000 employees and 32,500 engineers (2003). The building sector has been one of the most rapidly developing sectors of the Greek economy in the last few years. The construction sector contributes significantly to the gross national product in 2005 (10%), notably higher when compared to 1997 (6.4%). Continuously increased energy consumption in the construction sector over the past 40 years (1961–2001) shows that this industry remains steadily in the ascendant. The aim of the present study is to analyse the energy and exergy utilisation in the Greek building sector in order to gain awareness of the sector’s efficiency.
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Journal of the Energy Institute, 2008
Exergy is defined as the maximum amount of work and exergy concept gives an effective way by using the conservation of energy principle. This concept is used to evaluate energy use of societies. In this respect, energy and exergy efficiencies are defined to evaluate sector efficiencies in societies. The main principles are then applied to Turkey's utility, transportation, industrial and residential and commercial sectors. In this study, it seen that even though the utility sector is using the most energy and exergy values, industrial sector has the most energy and exergy efficient which are about 65 and 35% respectively.
Energy Efficiency contribution to sustainable development: A multi-criteria approach in Greece
Energy Sources Part B-economics Planning and Policy, 2020
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Energy conservation and CO2-emission abatement potential in the Greek residential services sector
Energy, 1996
A policy for CO,-emission abatement will have to allow for the sectoral energy-conservation potential. The present paper outlines the energy-analysis method applied to the Greek residential and services sectors. The trends in energy requirements for 1990-2000 are forecast and energy-conservation and CO,-abatement measures are proposed. A Maximum Action Scenario (MAS) and a Realistic Scenario (RS) are compared with a No-Action Scenario (NAS). Copyright 0 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
An analysis on the utilization of energy and exergy in Turkey
2008
, 105 pages Today, energy has become one of the most indispensable necessities in the world. Most of the wars and the disputes between the countries have been arising because of the increasing scarcity of energy resources. Therefore, like most country, Turkey has also started to develop new energy policies for more efficient production and utilization of energy. In order to help the understanding of more efficient energy utilization, so far there have been some researches made about energy and exergy (available energy) utilization efficiencies of Turkey with the viewpoint of the quality of energy. v In this study, it is aimed to examine energy system of Turkey by computing energy and exergy utilization efficiencies between 1990 and 2006 using the first and the second laws of thermodynamics. The utility sector energy efficiencies are found to range from 41% to 47% and the exergy efficiencies to range from 42% and 48% between 1990 and 2006. The energy efficiencies of the end use sectors of Turkey , namely Industrial, Transportation, Agricultural and Residential-Commercial sectors, are respectively 62%, 22%, 27% and 55% on the average with respect to years. On the other hand, their average exergy efficiencies are 33%, 23%, 27% and 7% between the examined years. The total end use energy and exergy efficiencies are 49% and 21% on the average. Overall energy efficiencies of Turkey range between 37% and 41%, whereas overall exergy efficiencies range between 16% and 17%. Within all the sectors, Residential-Commercial sector is found as the sector having the highest exergetic improvement potential.
Energy and exergy analysis of the Greek hotel sector: An application
Energy and Buildings , 2009
Energy consumption in buildings vary significantly, depending on factors as the use of the building, the construction type, maintenance, existing heating, cooling and lighting systems and other types of services. Hotel buildings have high energy consumption rate, as a result of their unique operational characteristics. Energy consumption in hotels is among the highest in the non-residential building sector in absolute values. Available specific information on the energy characteristics, thermal performance, energy losses, electric loads, and comfort conditions play significant role for the sustainable development of hotel’s systems. These data can also be used to identify whether there is space for improvement in new or existing hotels by comparing them against predicted or actual building energy performance. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the energy and exergy utilization in four hotels in Rethimno, Crete (Southern Greece) and in Kassandra, Halkidiki (Northern Greece)
Energy, 2009
A bottom-up methodological framework was developed and applied for the period 1985-2002, to selected manufacturing sub-sectors in Greece namely, food, beverages and tobacco, iron and steel, nonferrous metals, non-metallic minerals and paper. Disaggregate physical data were aggregated according to their specific energy consumption (SEC) values and physical energy efficiency indicators were estimated. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia index method was also used and the effects of the production, structure and energy efficiency to changes in sub-sectoral manufacturing energy use were further assessed. Primary physical energy efficiency improved by 28% for the iron and steel and by 9% for the nonmetallic minerals industries, compared to the base year 1990. For the food, beverages and tobacco and the paper sub-sectors, primary efficiency deteriorated by 20% and by 15%, respectively; finally electricity efficiency deteriorated by 7% for the non-ferrous metals. Sub-sectoral energy use is mainly driven by production output and energy efficiency changes. Sensitivity analysis showed that alternative SEC values do not influence the results whereas the selected base year is more critical for this analysis. Significant efficiency improvements refer to ''heavy'' industry; ''light'' industry needs further attention by energy policy to modernize its production plants and improve its efficiency.