Quality Adaptation For MPEG4 FGS Video Streaming Over Internet (original) (raw)
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In streaming technologies, multimedia data is continuously fed to the user while they are processing (viewing, listening to, reading) the data. However, streaming with a specified Quality of Service (QoS) is not yet a solved problem. We are building a prototype system to adapt multimedia streaming to a fluctuating network load and/or client requests, thereby providing adaptive QoS. We have shown the feasibility of adjusting QoS levels during transmission by dynamically modifying which transmission layers are actually sent, as well as the transmission profiles and packet priority ratios.
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When a considerable amount of UDP traffic is injected into the Internet by distributed multimedia applications, the Internet is easily driven congested. Consequently, bandwidth available to TCP connections is oppressed and their performance significantly deteriorates. In order that both multimedia applications and TCP-based ones fairly co-exist in the Internet, it becomes increasingly important to consider the inter-protocol fairness.
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We propose a layered quality adaptation scheme for video streams to smooth the short-term oscillations induced by Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) mechanisms, and eventually refine the perceptual video quality. The layered scheme utilizes receiver buffering, adapting the video quality along with long-term variations in the available bandwidth. The allocation of a new layer is based on explicit criteria that consider the available bandwidth, as well as the amount of buffering at the receiver. Consequently, the adaptation mechanism prevents wasteful layer changes that have an adverse effect on userperceived quality. In the sequel, we concentrate on the interactions of the layered approach with Scalable Streaming Video Protocol (SSVP). Exploiting performance measures related to the perceived quality of rate-adaptive video streams, we quantify the combination of SSVP rate control and receiverbuffered layered adaptation.
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Many adaptive delivery mechanisms have been devised for streaming multimedia over best-effort IP networks, such as the Internet. Most of these adaptive schemes do not consider the user's perception of quality when making adaptations. We describe a Perceptual Quality Adaptation algorithm (PQA) and prototype system architecture that uses knowledge of user perceived quality to make adaptation decisions using an optimum adaptation trajectory. This optimum adaptation trajectory indicates how encoding quality should be adapted (upgraded/downgraded) with respect to user perceived quality in response to rapidly fluctuating network conditions. We present simulation results that demonstrate the behavior of a perceptual quality adaptation algorithm.
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18th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2004. AINA 2004.
The lack of end-to-end quality of service support in the current Internet has caused significant difficulties to ensuring playback continuity in video streaming applications. This study addresses this challenge by investigating a new adaptation algorithm to adjust the bit-rate of video data in response to the network bandwidth available to improve playback continuity. Unlike previous works, the proposed algorithm is transparent to the video client, requires no parameter tuning, and yet can outperform existing algorithms. This paper presents this algorithm, evaluates and compares its performance with the best algorithm currently available using extensive trace-driven simulations.
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Recently, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) based adaptive streaming (HAS) has been proposed as a solution for efficient use of network resources. HAS performs rate adaptation that adjusts the video quality according to the network conditions. The conventional approaches for rate adaptation involve accurately estimating the available bandwidth or exploiting the playback buffer in HAS clients rather than estimating the network bandwidth. In this paper, we present a playback buffer model for rate adaptation and propose a new buffer-based rate adaptation scheme. First, we model the playback buffer as a queueing system that stores video segments. The proposed scheme selects the next video bitrate that minimizes the difference between the current buffer occupancy and the expected value from the playback buffer model. The evaluation results indicated that the proposed scheme achieves higher video quality than conventional algorithms and can cope with various environments without the tuni...
REVAMPING QUALITY OF SERVICE OF VIDEO STREAMING OVER WIRELESS LAN
Just like video streaming over a wired network, streaming can also be done over a wireless LAN. However, real-time streaming over wireless networks is a challenging proposition due to the highly variable nature of wireless links and the resource-poor nature of mobile devices. In such a context, transmission control schemes have to dynamically adapt both to the application requirements and the channel conditions. In this paper, we put forward a short review of some recent innovations, which have been devised to thoroughly revamp the Quality of Service (QoS) of video streaming over WLANs. Depending on their applications, the solutions have focused mainly on the following three network layers: Media Access Control layer (MAC), Application layer (APP) and Physical layer (PHY). In this paper, we propose an adaptive cross-layer quality-of-service (QoS) scheme for wireless channel and streaming applications. For the sake of adaptive QoS, the cross-layer architecture assumes that layer information could be exchanged between application layer and lower layers. In addition, priority-based adaptive QoS scheduling for MPEG video streams is proposed here. It considers the frame type of the MPEG-4 video file so as to efficiently provide non-similar priorities to important packets of video. IEEE 802.11e protocol assigns top priority to video applications. It does this in order to reduce delay and packets losses, which could happen due to other competing traffic. Simulation results performed with the network simulator ns-2 will show that the cross-layer architecture allows a good performance under both, light and heavy loads, while minimizing the mean packet delay and frame jitter. We aim to minimize the dropping of frames and frame jitter while gracefully degrading video quality to enable the same.
Adaptation engine for a streaming service based on MPEG-DASH
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HTTP Video streaming has become a strong candidate for video transmission on the Internet thanks to the abundance of web infrastructure. With the recent standardization of the new MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), the flexibility and implantation of adaptive video systems has increased due to the fact that DASH can operate on a conventional web infrastructure. In this paper we propose an estimation and adaptation system for DASH. The proposed adaptive algorithm is based on client buffer threshold and smooth throughput measures (based on the throughput of previous segments). Before DASH, the standard of Scalable Video Coding (SVC) also arose from the idea of adaptation. Both systems (adaptive system based on SVC and the proposed system for DASH) are compared in terms of Video Quality (VQ) metrics. The results show that the proposed system reacts properly to changes in the network capacity, while maintaining a minimum level of segments in the buffer. The user-perceived quality is better than in the SVC-based adaptive system although the generated traffic is higher.