Effects of initiating moderate wine intake on abdominal adipose tissue in adults with type 2 diabetes: a 2-year randomized controlled trial (original) (raw)
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Effects of moderate consumption of white wine on weight loss in overweight and obese subjects
International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2004
Patients on dietary, weight-reducing treatment commonly are advised against alcohol consumption. In light of the widespread use of alcoholic beverages and the well-established benefits of light to moderate alcohol consumption in risk reduction, a revision of dietary treatment recommendations may be warranted. To investigate whether daily consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol influences the effectiveness of an energy-restricted diet in overweight and obese subjects. A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted, with a 3-months intervention period and two isocaloric dietary regimens containing 6.3 MJ (1500 kcal) each, one with 10% of energy from white wine and one with 10% of energy from grape juice. The trial was performed in obese subjects being recruited from the Obesity Outpatient Clinic at the University Hospital, Ulm, who all habitually consumed moderate amounts of alcohol. Out of 87 patients, 49 were eligible to participate and 40 completed the study (age 48.1+/-1...
Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2007
It has been reported that alcohol has multiple effects on appetite. To elucidate potential mechanisms we measured the levels of plasma leptin and the vasoactive factors after red wine intake. Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover trial to study the effect of red wine on the levels of leptin, TNF-α, TGF-β 1 , IL-6, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in healthy, non-smoking individuals. The subjects were randomized to drinking one glass of red wine (150 ml, 15 g alcohol) every day ('wine period') or to undergo a period of total abstention from alcohol ('abstention period'). After 3 weeks they switched the intervention group. Eighty-seven volunteers completed the study (mean age 50 years). Results: After 3 weeks' daily intake of red wine, plasma leptin was significantly increased (from 6308 pg/ml to 7402 pg/ml, P = 0.05). There was a marked gender difference, as leptin levels increased only in females (P = 0.012). When calculated as leptin/body mass index (BMI) ratio, the trend and results were similar. Red wine consumption had no significant effect on other vasoactive factors measured in this study. Conclusion: Red wine increases levels of the appetite-regulating hormone leptin in females, but not in males. Whether red wine has an effect on appetite-regulation in its own right, remains to be solved.
Wine and its metabolic effects. A comprehensive review of clinical trials
Metabolism, 2018
The introduction of the term "French Paradox" motivated an extensive and in-depth research into health benefits of moderate wine consumption. The superiority of wine is thought to be attributed to its micro-constituents and consequent effort was made to isolate and identify these bioactive compounds as well as to elucidate the mechanisms of their action. Controlled trials offer more concrete answers to several raised questions than observational studies. Under this perspective, clinical trials have been implemented, mainly in healthy volunteers and rarely in patients, in order to investigate the acute or chronic effect of wine consumption on metabolism and physio-pathological systems, which are mainly associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge about the acute and long term effect of wine consumption on lipid and glucose/insulin metabolism as well as on the inflammatory and haemostatic systems, based on the reported data of controlled clinical trials. In conclusion, the most repeated result of wine consumption is on lipid metabolism, attributed mainly to ethanol, while wine micro-constituents seem to have an important role mainly in haemostatic and inflammatory/endothelial systems.
Clinical Nutrition, 2013
Background & aims: Epidemiological data suggest that moderate red wine consumption reduces cardiovascular mortality and the incidence of diabetes. However, whether these effects are due to ethanol or to non-alcoholic components of red wine still remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of moderate consumption of red wine, dealcoholized red wine, and gin on glucose metabolism and the lipid profile. Methods: Sixty-seven men at high cardiovascular risk were randomized in a crossover trial. After a run-in period, all received each of red wine (30 g alcohol/d), the equivalent amount of dealcoholized red wine, and gin (30 g alcohol/d) for 4 week periods, in a randomized order. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), plasma lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and adipokines were determined at baseline and after each intervention. Results: Fasting glucose remained constant throughout the study, while mean adjusted plasma insulin and HOMA-IR decreased after red wine and dealcoholized red wine. HDL cholesterol, Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II increased after red wine and gin. Lipoprotein(a) decreased after the red wine intervention. Conclusions: These results support a beneficial effect of the non-alcoholic fraction of red wine (mainly polyphenols) on insulin resistance, conferring greater protective effects on cardiovascular disease to red wine than other alcoholic beverages. www.isrctn.org: ISRCTN88720134. Clinical Nutrition xxx (2012) 1e7 Please cite this article in press as: Chiva-Blanch G, et al., Effects of red wine polyphenols and alcohol on glucose metabolism and the lipid profile: A randomized clinical trial, Clinical Nutrition (2012), http://dx.Please cite this article in press as: Chiva-Blanch G, et al., Effects of red wine polyphenols and alcohol on glucose metabolism and the lipid profile: A randomized clinical trial, Clinical Nutrition (2012), http://dx.
A Review of the Relationship between Wine Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Journal of Nutritional Therapeutics, 2016
The potential health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption are not limited to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease but are also observed for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The relationship appears to be J-shaped where moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in both men and women, irrespective of age, and in those with a low and a high body mass index. The optimal amount of wine appears to be approximately two drinks per day, where a standard drink in Australia is considered to be 10 g alcohol. Given that the incidence of diabetes is projected to approximately double in the next 15 years, simple dietary supplementation to a healthy diet and lifestyle to reduce the risk will become increasingly important. This paper reviews the association between wine specifically and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and discusses biological mechanisms related to the association.
2016
Previous studies on the relationship between alcohol intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have yielded inconsistent results. Besides, few studies have analyzed the effects of red wine (RW) on prevalence of MetS and its components. Since moderate RW drinkers have shown a better lipid profile and lower incidence of diabetes, hypertension and abdominal obesity, all components of the MetS, we hypothesized that moderate RW intake could related to a lower MetS prevalence. In a cross-sectional study of 5801 elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk included in the PREDIMED trial, 3897 fulfilled the criteria of MetS at baseline. Red wine intake was recorded using a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire and the MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the association between RW intake and the MetS. Compared to non-drinkers, moderate RW drinkers (≥1 drinks/d) showed a reduced risk of prevalent MetS (OR 0•56, 95% CI 0•45, 0•68; P<0•001), a lower risk of having abnormal waist circumference (OR 0•59, 95% CI 0•46, 0•77; P<0•001), low HDL-cholesterol (OR 0•42, CI 0•32, 0•53; P<0•001), high blood pressure (OR 0•28, 95% CI 0•17, 0•45; P<0•001) and high fasting plasma glucose levels (OR 0•67, CI 0•54, 0•82; P<0•001), after adjusting for several confounders. This association was stronger for women, for participants under 70 years of age and for those who were former or current smokers. We found no significant association between RW intake (≥1 drinks/d) and triglyceride concentrations. In conclusion, moderate RW intake is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS in an elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2015
Previous studies on the association between alcohol intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have yielded inconsistent results. Besides, few studies have analysed the effects of red wine (RW) consumption on the prevalence of the MetS and its components. As moderate RW drinkers have a better lipid profile and lower incidence rates of diabetes, hypertension and abdominal obesity, all components of the MetS, it was hypothesised that moderate RW consumption could be associated with a lower prevalence of the MetS. In the present cross-sectional study of 5801 elderly participants at a high cardiovascular risk included in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study, 3897 fulfilled the criteria of the MetS at baseline. RW intake was recorded using a validated 137-item FFQ. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate the association between RW intake and the prevalence of the MetS. Compared with non-drinkers, moderate RW drinkers ( ≥ 1 drin...
Effect of Chronic Ingestion of Wine on the Glycemic, Lipid and Body Weight Homeostasis in Mice
ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo), 2016
Background: The health benefits associated with moderate wine consumption, as with ethanol and phenolic compounds, include different mechanisms still little understandable. Aim: Evaluate glycemic and weight variations, and the deposit of triglycerides, cholesterol and liver glycogen with red wine consumption. Methods: 60 ApoE knockout mice were divided into three groups of 20: Wine Group (WG), Ethanol Group (EG) and Water Group (WAG). They received daily: WG 50 ml of wine and 50 ml water; EG 6 ml ethanol and WAG 94 ml of water. All groups were followed for four months. The food intake was monitored daily, in the period from eight to ten hours and held every five days. The measurement of water intake was also made every five days. The weighing of the animals took place every ten days. Results: The WG had higher weight increase as compared to the other groups. The concentration of hepatic triglyceride was higher in WG (57%) and the EG group was lower (31.6%, p<0.01) than the contro...
Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011
Epidemiological, experimental and clinical investigations have shown that diets supplemented with moderate quantities of alcoholic beverages lead to biochemical changes, that are widely regarded to prevent cardiovascular disease. Red wine contains a naturally rich sources of antioxidants which may protect the body from oxidative stress. We investigated the relationship between red wine intake and lipide profile, glucose, blood pressure and WHR index changes. Participants consumed 200 ml of red wine Lemberger (MASARYK, Slovakia) each day during supper for six weeks and were encouraged to maintain their usual diet and exercise habits. Daily intake of Lemberger during six weeks was