Pattern formation in the imaginal wing disc of Drosophila melanogaster: fate map, regeneration and duplication (original) (raw)
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Regulative Properties of Wing Discs from the Vestigial Mutant of Drosophila melanogaster
Differentiation, 1981
The vestigial (vg) mutant of Drosophila melanogaster shows reduced wing size and lacks margin structures from the wing blade. The expressivity is temperature-sensitive, more structures being formed at 29°C than at 25°C. There is cell death in the third instar wing disc which to some extent parallels the fate map locations of the structures absent in the adult.Vestigial wing discs are unable to regenerate margin structures even when given extra time for growth by culturing them in an adult abdomen before metamorphosis. If the region of cell death is excised from the disc before culture, there is still no regeneration of margin structures, indicating that the dead cells do not physically prevent regulation. Furthermore, by metamorphosing young vg wing discs, it was discovered that cells never acquire competence to make margin during wing disc development. Experiments mixing fragments of vg wing disc with non-vg wing disc fragments of ebony multiple wing hairs (e mwh) genotype showed that the vg cells interacted with the e mwh cells and wing blade was intercalated of both genotypes. However, structures such as wing margin, and alar lobe, usually affected in vg wings, were always made from e mwh cells and not from vg cells. Analysis of mutants which are unable to differentiate particular cell types may help us to understand the mechanism of pattern establishment in developing imaginal discs.
Pattern Formation in Asymmetrical and Symmetrical Imaginal Discs of Drosophila melanogaster
Integrative and Comparative Biology, 1977
SYNOPSIS The polar coordinate model for pattern regulation in epimorphic fields (French et at., 1976) predicts that bilaterally symmetrical fields will show different kinds of regulative behavior depending on the direction of the cut. These predictions have been tested using the male genital disc of Drosophila melanogaster. First, a detailed fate map was established by examining the fate of disc fragments subjected to immediate metamorphosis in host larvae. Then the regulative abilities of various fragments were examined by culturing them for seven days in adult abdomens, before transfer to larvae for metamorphosis. When the disc was bisected by a vertical cut (parallel to the line of symmetry) then fragments smaller than half of the disc underwent duplication with some simultaneous regeneration, while fragments larger than half of the disc underwent regeneration. If the disc was bisected by a bilaterally symmetrical cut across the line of symmetry, wound healing resulted in the confrontation of cells from similar positions on the right and left sides of the fragment, and no regulation occurred. With the exception of regeneration occurring during duplication of small lateral fragments, these results are as predicted by the polar coordinate model.
The final stages of wing development in Drosophila melanogaster
Tissue and Cell, 1987
A brief description is given of the behavioural changes in Drosophila melanogaster at the time of eclosion and wing expansion. The developmental changes in the wing during this period are classified into four stages @III). Details of changes in the morphology of both the cuticle and the wing epidermal cells are given using both light and electron microscopy. It was found that the breakdown of the wing epidermis is initiated before wing expansion starts. The results obtained for Drosophifa are compared with those for other insect species.
Cell proliferation patterns in the wing imaginal disc of Drosophila
Mechanisms of Development, 1994
Morphogenetic processes, based on the temporal and spatial control of cell proliferation, are involved in determining the size and shape of an organism. We have used clonal analysis, employing X-ray-induced mitotic recombination, to study cell proliferation and differentiation processes in the developing wing imaginal disc of Drosophila. Our results show a non-uniform distribution of mitotic activities during different stages of wing development. This may reflect waves of cell proliferation which derive from distinct centers of cell proliferation within the growing wing imaginal disc. These proliferation centers are located within the major wing compartments (i.e. the anterior, posterior, dorsal and ventral compartments) and they are restricted to the areas which give rise to the intervein regions of the adult wing. The mitotic recombination analysis, combined with the study of Minute and gynandromorph mosaics, show that the presumptive vein regions of the wing represent distinct boundaries which delimit the proliferation centers to the intervein regions. We present a generative model of wing morphogenesis that is consistent with our results.
Compartments and the control of growth in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc
Development, 2006
The mechanisms that control organ growth are among the least known in development. This is particularly the case for the process in which growth is arrested once final size is reached. We have studied this problem in the wing disc of Drosophila, the developmental and growth parameters of which are well known. We have devised a method to generate entire fast-growing Minute+ (M+) discs or compartments in slow developing Minute/+ (M/+) larvae. Under these conditions, a M+ wing disc gains at least 20 hours of additional development time. Yet it grows to the same size of Minute/+ discs developing in M/+ larvae. We have also generated wing discs in which all the cells in either the anterior (A) or the posterior (P)compartment are transformed from M/+ to M+. We find that the difference in the cell division rate of their cells is reflected in autonomous differences in the developmental progression of these compartments: each grows at its own rate and manifests autonomous regulation in the e...
The distribution of regenerative potential in the wing disc of Drosophila
Development, 1981
The distribution of regulative potential was investigated in the wing disc of Drosophila. Ten complementary pairs of fragments were tested for their capacity to regenerate or duplicate. The distribution of positional values resulting from this data was found to be very unequal; six of the twelve clockface values were tightly clustered round the anteriorposterior compartment boundary. Despite this, complementarity between regeneration and duplication was generally maintained.
The Journal of experimental zoology, 1986
We have studied the organization and development of the eye-antenna imaginal disc of Drosophila melanogaster. We examined the pattern of gynandromorph mosaicism and determined the "sturt distances" between 42 different structures of the head, antenna, and maxillary palpus. A morphogenetic map based on these sturt distances resembles more closely in size and shape that of a single thoracic segment than that of two or more adjacent segments, suggesting that the eye-antenna disc is derived from a single embryonic body segment. We examined the morphology of the eye-antenna discs in situ in late third-instar larvae in serial cross sections. The two discs are connected medially by a thin cellular membrane that probably serves to join the two discs during evagination and morphogenesis of the adult head. A fate map of the imaginal disc was established by cutting the mature disc into fragments and transplanting the fragments into host larvae for metamorphosis. The peripodial layer ...
Differentiation capacities of the labial imaginal disc of Drosophila melanogaster
Development Genes and Evolution, 1979
The mature labial disc, when implanted into a larva of the same age, undergoes metamorphosis along with the host and produces one lateral half of the medi- and distiproboscis. On the basis of results obtained from transplanted disc halves (including the separate peripodial membrane) a tentative fate map of the labial disc was constructed, which shows most of the presumptive mediproboscis to be located in the dorsal, and most of the presumptive distiproboscis in the ventral part of the disc. The distal protion of the peripodial membrane also contains imaginal anlagen, viz. part of the mediproboscis, prementum, and labellar cap anlagen. The involvement of this part of the peripodial membrane was checked by a careful histological analysis of labial disc development during the first ten hours after prepupation. The results were compared with the situation described forCalliphora imaginal discs. In addition, a detailed morphological analysis was made of the proboscis of the homoeotic mutantproboscipedia (pb). At 27°C,pb changes the distiproboscis into a “telopodite” (leg segments distal to the coxa); the (unchanged) prementum may therefore correspond to the coxa. At 15° C, the tarsus of this homoeotic “telopodite” is replaced to a greater or lesser extent by an arista. The present analysis thus confirms (a) the fundamental morphological correspondence of the medi- and distiproboscis with the labium of other insects, and (b) the fundamental developmental correspondence of the labial, antennal, and leg discs.