Applying the Inductive Effect for Synthesizing Low-Melting and Low-Viscosity Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids (original) (raw)
Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts with melting points below 100 8C. They represent a new class of non-molecular liquid materials with unique and fascinating properties. [1-3] The field of ionic liquids offers a phenomenal opportunity for new science and technology. The increased interest in these new materials is due to the wide range of possible application as solvents for reactions and material processing, as extraction media or as working fluid in mechanical applications. For any application of an ionic liquid the physical properties and solvent behaviour are a key feature. Some of their unique properties are, the practically non-volatility, low melting point, low viscosity, high ionic conductivity as well as thermal and electrochemical stability. The unique variability of the ions often allows the properties of interest to be imparted, so that ILs are denoted as designer solvents. In the synthesis of novel ILs, the search for low melting and low viscosity systems play an essential role. [4, 5] Several strategies have been proposed to fluidize ionic li-A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G quids. The most important strategy is to introduce weakly polar anions which strongly reduce the interaction energy between cations and anions resulting in reduced melting points and decreased viscosities. [1, 5] Another possibility is the introduction of asymmetry into the imidazolium cation by using different substituents at the N(1) and N(3) positions. Replacing the methyl group by an ethyl group at the C(1) position in
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