Laser spectroscopy of alkali atoms (original) (raw)

Laser spectroscopic studies of nuclei with neutron number N<82 (Eu, Sm and Nd isotopes)

Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 1992

The isotope shifts and hyperfine splittings of atomic optical lines in 13Z,'*'43Nd (A = 588.79 nm), "r'45Sm (A = W . 4 2 nm) and 1'b145E~ (A = 576.52 nm) have been measured using resonance ionization spectroscopy. The magnetic dipole and electric quadruple moments of the odd Nd and Sm isotopes and the changes in mean square charge radii S ( r " ) for all isotopes in question have been derived. A shell effect and a strong 2-dependence in the isotopic behaviour of a(,*) at N < 8 2 have been obscrved. The experimental data have been analysed in the framework of the Hartree-Fock method.

Nuclear Moments and Deformation Change in A184ug,m from Laser Spectroscopy

Physical Review Letters, 1997

Resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) was performed on desorbed Au, and the complete hyperfine spectrum of both isomeric and ground states of the short lived 184 Au nucleus has been recorded from the 5d 10 6s 2 S 1͞2 ! 5d 10 6p 2 P 3͞2 optical transition. The nuclear moments of both states and the mean square charge radius changes were measured. The magnetic moments were determined to be m 184g I5 12.07͑2͒m N and m 184m I2 11.44͑2͒m N and the spectroscopic quadrupole moments to be Q 184g s 14.65͑26͒b and Q 184m s 11.90͑16͒ b. A difference in the mean square charge radius d͗r 2 c ͘ 184g,184m 20.036͑3͒ fm 2 was found. [S0031-9007(97)03992-6] PACS numbers: 21.10.Ky, 21.10.Ft, 42.62.Fi

Trends in Laser Spectroscopic Investigations of Nuclear Structure

Physics of Particles and Nuclei, 2004

Laser-spectroscopic methods of studying nuclei have led to a great deal of systematic experimental information on nuclear properties. The results include nuclear ground-and isomeric-state spins, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments, and the behavior of mean square nuclear charge radii within isotopic strings. These data give important information about the single-particle and collective effects on the nuclear structure. This review is devoted to a new generation of experimental laser spectroscopic methods giving access to very weak beams of isotopes far from stability. Special attention is paid to regions that, to date, have been poorly investigated. They are the following: the exotic proton-and neutron-rich low-Z nuclei around the neutron shell closures N = 8, 20, the very interesting calcium region around proton shell closure Z ≈ 20 and with 20 ≤ N ≤ 28, the neutron-rich medium-Z elements, and the very high-Z trans-einsteinium nuclei.

Deformation change in light iridium nuclei from laser spectroscopy

The European Physical Journal A, 2006

Laser spectroscopy measurements have been performed on neutron-deficient and stable Ir isotopes using the COMPLIS experimental setup installed at ISOLDE-CERN. The radioactive Ir atoms were obtained from successive decays of a mass separated Hg beam deposited onto a carbon substrate after deceleration to 1kV and subsequently laser desorbed. A three-color, two-step resonant scheme was used to selectively ionize the desorbed Ir atoms. The hyperfine structure (HFS) and isotope shift (IS) of the first transition of the ionization path 5d 7 6s 2 4 F 9/2 → 5d 7 6s6p 6 F 11/2 at 351.5 nm were measured for 182−189 Ir, 186 Ir m and the stable 191,193 Ir. The nuclear magnetic moments µI and the spectroscopic quadrupole moments Qs were obtained from the HFS spectra and the change of the mean square charge radii from the IS measurements. The sign of µI was experimentally determined for the first time for the masses 182 ≤A≤ 189 and the isomeric state 186 Ir m . The spectroscopic quadrupole moments of 182 Ir and 183 Ir were measured also for the first time. A large mean square charge radius change between 187 Ir and 186 Ir g and between 186 Ir m and 186 Ir g was observed corresponding to a sudden increase in deformation: from β2 +0.16 for the heavier group A=193, 191, 189, 187 and 186m to β2 ≥ +0.2 for the lighter group A=186g, 185, 184, 183 and 182. These results were analyzed in the framework of a microscopic treatment of an axial rotor plus one or two quasiparticle(s). This sudden deformation change is associated with a change in the proton state that describes the odd-nuclei ground state or that participates in the coupling with the neutron in the odd-odd nuclei. This state is identified with the π3/2 + [402] orbital for the heavier group and with the π1/2 − [541] orbital stemming from the 1h 9/2 spherical subshell for the lighter group. That last state seems to affect strongly the observed values of the nuclear moments.

High-precision measurement of hyperfine structure in theDlines of alkali atoms

Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 2008

We have measured hyperfine structure in the first-excited P state (D lines) of all the naturally-occurring alkali atoms. We use high-resolution laser spectroscopy to resolve hyperfine transitions, and measure intervals by locking the frequency shift produced by an acousto-optic modulator to the difference between two transitions. In most cases, the hyperfine coupling constants derived from our measurements improve previous values significantly.

Laser Spectroscopy of Muonic Atoms and Ions

Laser spectroscopy of the Lamb shift (2S-2P energy difference) in light muonic atoms or ions, in which one negative muon µ − is bound to a nucleus, has been performed. The measurements yield significantly improved values of the root-mean-square charge radii of the nuclei, owing to the large muon mass, which results in a vastly increased muon wave function overlap with the nucleus. The values of the proton and deuteron radii are 10 and 3 times more accurate than the respective CODATA values, but 7 standard deviations smaller. Data on muonic helium-3 and-4 ions is being analyzed and will give new insights. In future, the (magnetic) Zemach radii of the proton and the helium-3 nuclei will be determined from laser spectroscopy of the 1S hyperfine splittings, and the Lamb shifts of muonic Li, Be and B can be used to improve the respective charge radii.

Hyperfine splitting and isotope shift in the atomic D

The European Physical Journal A, 1998

The hyperfine structure of the D2 optical line in 22 Na and 23 Na has been investigated using high resolution laser spectroscopy of a well-collimated atomic beam. The hyperfine splitting constants A and B for the excited 3p 2 P 3/2 level for both investigated sodium isotopes have been obtained. They are as follows: A(22) = 7.31 MHz, B(22) = 4.71(28) MHz, A(23) = 18.572(24) MHz, B(23) = 2.723(55) MHz.

Isotope Shifts in Atomic Spectra

1984

Atomic and nuclear physics are two flourishing but distinct branches of physics; the subject of isotope shifts in atomic spectra is one of the few that links these two branches. It is a subject that has been studied for well over fifty years, but interest in the subject, far from flagging, has been stimulated in recent years. Fast computers have enabled theoreticians to evaluate the properties of many-electron atoms, and laser spectroscopy has made it possible to measure isotope shifts in the previously unmeasurable areas of very rare isotopes, short-lived radioactive isotopes, weak transitions, and transitions involving high-lying atomic levels. Isotope shifts can now be measured with greater accuracy than before in both optical transitions and x-ray transitions of muonic atoms; this improved accuracy is revealing new facets of the subject. I am very grateful to Dr. H. G. Kuhn, F. R. S. , for having introduced me to the subject in the 1950s, and for supervising my efforts to measur...

Nuclear radii of thorium isotopes from laser spectroscopy of stored ions

1989

Isotope shifts and hyperfine splittings in optical transitions for atomic ions of the thorium isotopes 227Th to 23~ and 232Th have been measured by laser spectroscopy on stored ions. From the isotope shift data, changes of the mean square charge radii are determined. A continuous increase of the charge radius with mass number A is observed, in agreement with droplet model calculations. The results indicate that the odd-even staggering for Th is different from that one of the neighbouring isotones of Fr and Ra. There is some empirical evidence from systematics for an inversion of the staggering and the appearance of an octupole deformation at N< 137. The hyperfine splitting for 229Th for 3 electronic levels is given.