Pollen Morphology of the Aceraceae (original) (raw)
© TÜBİTAK Contributions to the Pollen morphology of the family Compositae
2015
Abstract: The pollen morphology of 24 species of Compositae belonging to 18 genera was examined by light and scanning microscopy. The present data confirms the eurypalynous nature of the family. Delimitation of the genera on the basis of pollen characters is less marked. Pollen grains usually radially symmetrical, isopolar rarely apolar; tricolporate, often porate. Shape commonly oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal, with some suboblate to subprolate types. Tectum echinate to echinolophate, often non-echinate. Tectum in-between the spines or spinules is sub-psilate, or perforated to striate. On the basis of the exine pattern, 4 distinct pollen types are recognized viz.,
Contributions to the pollen morphology of the family Compositae
1999
The pollen morphology of 24 species of Compositae belonging to 18 genera was examined by light and scanning microscopy. The present data confirms the eurypalynous nature of the family. Delimitation of the genera on the basis of pollen characters is less marked. Pollen grains usually radially symmetrical, isopolar rarely apolar; tricolporate, often porate. Shape commonly oblatespheroidal to prolate-spheroidal, with some suboblate to subprolate types. Tectum echinate to echinolophate, often non-echinate. Tectum in-between the spines or spinules is sub-psilate, or perforated to striate. On the basis of the exine pattern, 4 distinct pollen types are recognized viz., Pollen type-I: Dicoma tomentosa, Pollen type-II: Eclipta prostrata, Pollen type-III: Echinops echinatus and Pollen type-IV: Launaea nudicaulis. Within the pollen types, pollen characters are significantly sufficient for characterization of the species. An interesting correlation observed is that the taxa having spiny capitula have a mostly non-echinate or spinulose tectum with very thick exine (7-25 µm).
Biodiversity in Indian Tropical Ecosystem. 2015. Pp. 153 – 165., 2015
Based on light microscopic observations, the pollen morphology of 13 species and subspecies of Acer Linnaeus (Sapindaceae) from Darjiling and Sikkim Himalaya has been described. Pollen types, sizes, ornamentation are summarized. Dominance of 3-colporate pollen and similarities with respect to morphology and size was observed. Correlation analysis and cluster diagram has been constructed on the basis of the studied attributes. Pollen Morphology: Pollens 3 -colporate, spheroidal; PA x ED ± 16.0 x 15.0 µm, colpi±12.0 x 2.0µm;exine 2.0 µm thick; ora lalongate; sexine 1.5 µm thick, reticulate.(Plate 1: A) Pollen Morphology: Pollens 3 -colporate, prolate; PA x ED ± 25.3 x 16.2 µm, colpi ±21.5 x 2.0µm; exine 2.0 µm thick; ora circular; sexine 1.0 µm thick, striato-reticulate.(Plate 1: C -D) 158 Pollen Morphology: Pollens 3 -colporate, prolate-spheroidal; PA x ED ± 21.0 x 16.5 µm; synecolpate; colpi ±20 x 2.4µm; lalongate, median placed, exine 2.0 µm thick; nexine 0.5 µm thick striato-reticulate. (Plate 1: B) Pollen Morphology: Pollens 3 -colporate, prolate; PA x ED ± 37.4 x 27.0 µm; colpi ± 33.0 x 2.0µm; ora circular; exine 2.0 µm thick, sexine 0.4 µm thick, striato-reticulate. [Plate 1: E] Pollen Morphology: Pollens 3 -colporate; prolate-spheroidal; PA x ED ± 37.0 x 30.0 µm; colpi ± 35.0 x 3.0µm; ora lalongate; exine 2.5 µm thick, sexine2.0 µm thick, striato-reticulate. [Plate 1: F -G] Acer oblongum Wallich ex DC.
Comparative Pollen Morphology and Its Relationship to Phylogeny of Pollen in the Hamamelidae
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 1986
Data on pollen morphological features from 200 species in 20 families commonly included in the Hamamelidae and particular species in the Anacardiaceae and Salicaceae are presented in this paper. The basic descriptive analyses presented are derived from observations by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thirty pollen characters showed some variability, and each of the species was scored for these characters. These data were analyzed and similarity cluster analyses were generated. Both an unweighted pair group and a complete linkage strategy dendrogram were produced. Three major clusters of families were defined, based on these analyses. Group I consists of Trochodendraceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Eupteleaceae, Platanaceae, Hamamelidaceae (including Altingioideae), Eucommiaceae, and Myrothamnaceae. The Liquidambaroideae, Eucommiaceae, and Myrothamnaceae, while closest to Group I, can be viewed as intermediate between Groups I and II in complete linkage strategy and between Groups II and III in unweighted pair group strategy. Group IIâ€" consisting of Daphniphyllaceae and Fagaceae (excluding Not hofagus)â€" has a closer phenetic relationship to Group I than Group IIL Group III is the largest of these groups: it consists of Ulmaceae, Cannabaceae, Juglandaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, and Myricaceae. The Balanopaceae and Nothofagus are somewhat isolated and peripheral entities but hold together in both linkage strategies. Thirty pollen characters of 78 taxa were analyzed using PAUP to produce a cladistic tree. The outgroup used was Tetracentron, Three phylogenetically related groups sorted out, which are the same as those already recognized in the Groups I, II, and III mentioned above. Group I occurs at the base of the tree (primitive), and Group II occurs as intermediate between Groups I and III (derived). In general, these data support the relationships suggested by Barabe for the Hamamelidae, based upon vegetative and floral features and the classification of Cronquist. Leitneriaceae This survey ofpollen in the Hamamelidae was by Cronquist (1981), representing over 200 initiated with three primary goals in mind: (1) species (Didymelaceae, Urticaceae, Moraceae, morphological and Cecropiaceae are excluded from the cladistic assessing the relationships of fossil-dispersed and phenetic analyses). In addition, pollen data pollen with possible hamamelidaceous affinity, from the Anacardiaceae and Salicaceae are in-(2) to assess at which taxonomic level pollen eluded in the analysis. characters of extant hamamelidaceous taxa are In a survey as broad as that presented here, it useful in determining taxonomic position, and is often difficult to decide which taxa to include (3) to assess the phylogenetic relationships of taxa Members within the Hamamelidae as elucidated by pollen been placed in a number of subclasses, and a morphology and ultrastructure. comprehensive pollen survey of all the families To achieve these ends we used pollen data of the different classifications was not attempted [transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and here. We scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] from pub-system as a starting point and introduced into lished literature and added pollen data from 42 our analysis selected taxa from other subclasses previously uninvestigated taxa. We have amassed that have been suggested to be phylogenetically pollen data from 20 of the 24 families recognized related (e.g., Thome, 1973). » We wish to give special thanks to Robert Schwarzwalder for his many helpful suggestions and his consultation on the cladistic and phenetic analyses. We also thank Karl Longstreth, Linn Bogle, and Greg Anderson for their review of the manuscript. We thank Thomas Delendick of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden for material of the Eucommiaceae and the U.
Pollen morphology of six species of subfamily
2016
The pollen morphological characters of 6 species belonging to 4 genera of the subfamily Stachyoideae (Lamiaceae) growing naturally in Saudi Arabia were investigated with the aid of light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), to find new features that might increase knowledge of pollen morphology of the species, and also to help the taxonomic characterization of the Stachyoideae genera. The morphological characters studied were size, shape, tectum surface ornamentation, number and type of the colpi. The study indicated that the average size of the pollen was different among the species since the smallest size was that of Nepeta deflersiana (P = 25.2 ± 2 and E = 15 ± 3) while the largest size was that of Salvia aegyptiaca (P =36.5 ± 2 and E = 30.3 ± 2). Pollen shape is spheroidal to sub-spheroidal or prolate. The fine structure of the exine of pollen was slightly different among investigated species. The number and type of colpi of the pollen in species studied were 6-zonocolpate type except those of N. deflersiana and Otostegia fruticosa ssp. schimperi having 3-zonocolpate.
Pollen grain diversity and application in taxonomy and evolution
Taeckholmia
Background and aims: Pollen grains, the male gametes within the higher plants, have great diversity in morphological characters. In this review, the history of the pollen morphological studies, the applications and importance in plant taxonomy discussed. Methods. Literature concerning the importance of studying pollen morphological characters in various ways viz., identification, classification and grouping of plants. Key Results. The survey of the recent literature revealed that pollen grain characters and composition have essential role in plant taxonomy, identification and evolution. Conclusion. Pollen morphological studies considered an important tool in taxonomical studies and solve many obscure problems in taxonomical confusions when used in precise way.
Pollen morphology of endemic species of the Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka
Grana, 2001
The pollen morphology of 27 endemic and palaeoecologically-important species belonging to 16 families and 20 genera from the mountain rain forests of Sri Lanka was studied using both light (LM ) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM ). The pollen grains exhibit a wide range of morphological characters. Their sizes (P and E ) are in the range 10± 53Ö 9± 60 m m, and they are distributed among seven shape classes. All the taxa have radially-symmetrical pollen grains except for Impatiens (bilateral ). The amb varies from rounded to triangular, with intermediate shapes possible. The pollen grains of all the Lauraceae species studied are inaperturate and microspinose, with a thin, fragile, perforated exine. Sarcococca zeylanica (Buxaceae) has pantoporate pollen grains and a Croton-pattern consisting of faintly striate pegs of various shapes attached or enveloping the smooth rings. Colp(or)ate, syncolpate to parasyncolp(or)ate pollen grains with rugulate to perforate exine patterns occur in Eugenia mabaeoides ssp. mabaeoides and Syzygium ssp. (Myrtaceae). Osbeckia walkeri (Melastomataceae) has heterocolpate pollen with fossulate, foveolate to perforate exine pattern. 3-colporate, microreticulate pollen grains are met with in Euonymus revolutus (Celastraceae), and scabrate-microreticulate ones in Calophyllu m walkeri (Clusiaceae). Hedyotis lawsoniae (Rubiaceae) pollen is microreticulate to perforate, while pollen of the Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae) species is 3-colporate, smooth to scabrate-perforate. Casearia thwaitesii (Flacourtiaceae) has 3-colporoidate pollen grains with a smooth, imperforate to occasionally sparsely perforate exine. Mastixia spp (Cornaceae) have a granular± perforate exine pattern, while Adinandra lasiopetala (Theaceae) has a smooth-perforate exine pattern.
Pollen diversity of some woody plants in new Damietta city
Scientific Journal for Damietta Faculty of Science
The pollen morphology of 36 woody species from the New Damietta City, Egypt. Belonging to 20 families of angiosperms, distributed in eighteen dicots and two monocots were investigated. The pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, described and illustrated under light microscopy (LM). Examination of these families revealed great pollen diversity in their qualitative and quantitative characters. The results revealed 58.3% of species with prolate-spheroidal pollen, 16.7% with oblatespheroidal pollen, 16.7% with subprolate pollen, 5.6% with prolate pollen and 2.7% with suboblate pollen. Tricolporate apertures accounted for almost half of apertures types; triporate, monocolpate, tricolpate, tetra-to penta-porate, tetraporate, pantoporate, inaperturate, tetracolporate and spiral aperture representing the remainder. Exine ornamentations ranged from psilate (33.3%), reticulate (27.7%) to micro-reticulate, scabrate, granulate, echinate each represents (2%) and clavate, verrucate, rugulate, striate, psilate-perforate, clavate-reticulate made up (1%) for each type. On the basis of pollen units, number and type of apertures, exine patterns were great diagnostic significance among the examined taxa. Six major pollen types and nine subtypes included in two groups (polyads and monads) were recognized. Description of pollen types, LM micrographs and a key for identification of the investigated taxa are provided.
Pollen morphology of some related genera of Vernonieae (Asteraceae) and its taxonomic significance
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2013
Pollen morphology is an important source of information to increase systematic resolution in Asteraceae, especially in Vernonieae. Aiming to investigate if palynological traits give support to Caatinganthus, Strophopappus and Xiphochaeta as separate genera from Stilpnopappus, we used cluster analysis followed by a test of group sharpness. Further, ordination analysis was applied to detect informative pollen traits associated with the revealed groups. The analyses evidenced five groups: (G1) Caatinganthus rubropappus as a single-species group; (G2) species of Stilpnopappus; (G3) Xiphochaeta aquatica as a single-species group; (G4) Strophopappus bicolor, S. glomeratus, S. villosus, S. ferrugineus, S. pohlii and S. speciosus; (G5) Strophopappus bullatus and S. regnelli. The interruption in the middle of the muri in apertural lacunae explains the single-species group Caatinganthus rubropappus. The thickness of sexine, the type of apertures (porate or colporate), and spine dimensions (length, thickness and distance from each other) are the traits explaining differences between species of Stilpnopappus and Strophopappus. Equatorial lacunae give support to Xiphochaeta aquatica as a single-species group, despite the smaller size of pollen grains of this species as compared to the others species analyzed. The differences among pollen morphology give support to Caatinganthus, Stilpnopappus, Strophopappus and Xiphochaeta as genera according to the taxonomic classification currently accepted. The used approach was efficient to reveal individual pollen traits informative to explain the sharp groups, and was an effective alternative to the use of ''pollen types''.