Water, sanitation and hygiene practices among adult women in a rural area of Kolar district, South India: a community based survey (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy, 2023
Background: World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that globally 1.5 million children die from diarrheal diseases each year, of which 88% of these deaths are due to inadequate sanitation, hygiene and drinking water. WASH is the collective term for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. Globally, 663 million people are still without access to clean drinking water, 8 out of 10 people live in rural areas. Globally, India has the largest number of people still defecating in the open with more than 564 million. Improving drinking water condition and sanitation facilities remains a major concern globally. The objectives of the study were to assess the water, sanitation and hygiene practices among households of rural field practice area of department of Community Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam. Materials and Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done among 200 households in rural field practice area in a period of three months from May 2016 to July 2016. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered for collecting data regarding WASH practices among households. Data collected was entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and expressed in percentages. Result: A total of 969 members were present in the 200 households, of which 44.9% (435) were males and 55.1% (534) were females. 9.5% (19) of the households were practicing open defecation. 56% (112) of the households were having stagnant water around their houses. Conclusion: The present study revealed 9.5% of open defecation among rural households. There is a need to improve for water and sanitation conditions. Community health education campaigns in promoting healthy lifestyles and positive health seeking behavior should be done to achieve open defecation free (ODF) in the rural community.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2017
Background: Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is a pre- condition for people to acquire good health, well-being and benefit from economic development. WASH constitutes both provision of water and sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion. The study objective is to assess the practices and existing perceptions of water, sanitation and hygiene among women in urban slums of Berhampur.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 400 women (households) residing in urban slums of Berhampur from August2016-January 2017 by simple random sampling. Data was collected using a predesigned pretested questionnaire.Results: Out of the total, 62.3% respondents depended on public tap as major source of drinking water , 31.5% purified water before drinking , 68.5% allowed water to stand for a day before use , 86.5% practiced hand wash before meal , 33.2% practiced open defecation, 7% and74% used soap and water for handwashing before meal and after defecation respectively, 68.3%...
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Water is the essence of life and basic human right essential to all and for sustainable development. It is known that drinking water is our most precious resource for our economy, our daily lives and to the health of our environment. 1 Sanitation is one of the determinants of quality of life and human development index. It has been both public and private elements, and the individual"s hygiene can affect the whole community. Drinking water and sanitation is a fundamental health service without which there cannot be any improvement. Drinking water and sanitation inadequacies hinder economic and social development, constitute a major hurdle to poverty alleviation and inevitably lead to environmental degradation. 2 The year 2005 marked the beginning of the "International Decade for Action: Water for Life" and renewed effort to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7, target 10 aims to reduce by half the proportion of the world"s population without sustainable access to drinking ABSTRACT Background: Water is basic human right, most precious resource for economy and health. Sanitation is determinants of quality of life and individual"s hygiene can affect the whole community. Drinking water and sanitation is a fundamental health service. Methods: It is a community based cross sectional study conducted in Rural Health Training centre, Magudanchavadi, the field practice area of Annapoorana Medical College and hospital, Salem, Tamilnadu. Sample size was calculated through the universal formula n = z2pq/d2 and sample size was finalized to 300 houses. Data was compiled in MS Excel and analyzed in institutional SPSS version 16. Results: Out of 300 households adult females were 154 (51.3%), literacy level was till matriculation 160 (53.3%) and families belonged to middle class 154 (51.3%). Households had knowledge of covered drinking water 289 (96.3%), clean drinking water 255 (85%), covered garbage dustbin 185 (61.7%), sanitary toilet 249 (83%) and hand wash after toilet 282 (94%). Households were practiced covered drinking water 284 (94.7%), collected water for drinking purpose from pipeline 256 (85.3%), boiling method used for purification of drinking water 136 (45.3%), uncovered garbage dustbin 162 (54%), garbage found openly in premises 173 (57.3%), toilet facility 188 (62.7%), open air defecation 97 (32.3%) and hand wash after toilet with soap 198 (66%). Their knowledge was significantly associated with practice of it. Conclusions: Knowledge was good enough but unhealthy practices make health education very important for better use of existing facilities and also to prevent the incidences of water and sanitation related diseases.
IOSR Journals , 2019
Introduction: Safe drinking water,basic sanitation and proper hygiene are found to be most important for reducing the burden of many communicable diseases like acute diarrhoeal diseases,acute respiratory diseases etc. Still many communities in and around india lack adequate water supply and proper sanitation. Materials and methods:A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 residents of Mallikarjunapet, Guntur selected by simple random technique during the period between March 2019 to May 2019 to assess water,sanitation and hygiene practices. Results: Nearly 76% of the households have piped water supply.79% of the households own a sanitary latrine while 61% wash their hands properly.
AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society
The present study was carried out to assess the water availability, hygiene practices, and sanitary conditions in the households of open defecation-free (ODF) villages after achieving ODF status. Monitoring was conducted from 360 households of 9 ODF villages from 3 blocks of the Kurukshetra district of north India, using a questionnaire. The results interpreted that 78.33% of the surveyed population were using water supplied from government borewells and 65.55% of respondents agreed that their water is safe for drinking as they did not have any water-related diseases. Many respondents (57.2%) replied that someone in their family had suffered from waterborne disease in the preceding year. About 42.8% of households were treating their drinking water at the house level through methods like boiling, chlorination, and reverse osmosis systems. 90.8% of respondents said that they have access to a functional latrine facility. However, 5% population responded that they still prefer fields fo...
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016
Sanitation and hygiene has always been an integral part of health care delivery system. Most of the communicable and non-communicable diseases are directly or indirectly linked with poor sanitation. Poor hygiene multiplies the spread of disease by manifold; a recent example of Ebola outbreak where safe funeral practices plays a vital role in culminating the virus and disease. In other words poor sanitation and hygiene are like nuclear bomb which needs a trigger of a novel pathogen to initiate a medical calamity. Sanitation has two important components: water seal latrines and sewage disposal system, while essential component for hygiene are hand washing and systematic solid waste disposal. Historically we were at epitome of sanitation practices during Mohenjo-daro and Harrapa civilization, but with the increase in population, economic disparity and poor planning, current status is ABSTRACT Background: This is a study attempted to assess the present situation of water and sanitation facilities, attitude and practices of the individuals living in 8 villages (4 each) of Cuddalore district and Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Government should initiate measures to create awareness among rural population about the importance of proper sanitation among household. The aim of the study was to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of sanitation in rural areas of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out to understand the knowledge and practices followed for purifying drinking water, hand washing facilities and practice, presence and condition of toilet in house and waste disposal in 8 rural villages in 2 districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Results: On an average, there is 1 toilet among 13 people in surveyed areas. Total of 78% of respondents do not treat the water and 92% of the individuals were consuming water from municipal tap. Un-availability of toilet was 70% among study population; 40% of them stated financial reasons for absence of toilets. The practice of hand washing before handling of food is seen among 53% participants and 80% washed their hands after eating the food; 68% of the participants washed their hands after defecation. Average toilet cleanliness score is 2.88/5. Conclusions: Government and other social programs should be developed to educate and to create awareness about water treatment methods, need of proper sanitation and hand washing practices among rural population. The current message spread by Government programs are not reaching the masses, therefore further effort to penetrate periphery is required.
Cureus
Background Sanitation, cleanliness, and access to clean water are essential for maintaining human health and wellbeing. Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are linked to diseases that lead to poor health outcomes, such as pneumonia and diarrhea, trachoma, infestations of soil-transmitted helminths, respiratory tract infections, and pulmonary tuberculosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate household WASH practices in the rural and urban field practice areas of the
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2020
Background: India has achieved the status of open defecation free (ODF) in 2019 October but women involvement in the actual process of implementation of the programme is very minimal. Objective of the study was to assess the awareness level & practice of environmental sanitation and hygiene and also to find out the association with demographic variables.Methods: Present study was conducted in a rural community of Punjab, India in June 2019 among 400 females. Data was collected in a predesigned structured questionnaire and was analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics.Results: Most common source of drinking water among the participants was community RO point (54.5%) and method of SWD among the community was dumping (80%). Four out of five participants had the opinion that their village is unclean and improper solid waste disposal (37.3%) was the main reason. 95% of the participants had not participated in any community cleanliness activity also. Participants having higher ed...
Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical Journal, 2024
Introduction: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-6 highlights the importance of clean water and sanitation.The Swachh Bharat Mission, a flagship program of the Government of India, aims at ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water, hygiene, and universal access to effective systems for disposing of waste, especially in rural areas; this, in turn, is of mammoth importance for achieving the SDG-6 by 2030. The present study was thus devised to determine the availability of sanitation facilities and assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding hygiene among residents of villages in Southeastern Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: This community-based study used a multistage sampling technique to select study participants. The duration of the study was one month. The study involved 1663 participants. A Marathi-translated version of the pretested questionnaire was used, which enquired about the socio-demographic details, availability of water and sanitation facilities along with questions to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding sanitary latrines, use of footwear, hand washing, and domestic waste disposal. Association of socio-demographic profile with different parameters assessed in the questionnaire was assessed using SPSS software (version 26.0); results were considered significant if p<0.05. Results: The study involved 1663 participants with a mean age of 36.7 years, (SD=12.9 years). Water was available to all the households. All the villages had an open drainage system. Sanitation facilities were lacking in 23 households. Open-air defecation was practiced in 6.9% of the households. All the family members used footwear while going out in 68% of the households. Hand-washing was practiced by 43% of the population. Sixty-nine percent of the study participants disposed of domestic waste in the garbage pits dug in their backyard which was later burnt, whereas 31% disposed of in the surrounding premises. Conclusion: Open defecation still exists. The awareness regarding sanitation, footwear use, hand washing, and domestic waste disposal was better among literate participants. With just a few years left to the 2030 deadline to achieve the SDGs, we must inject a sense of urgency and immediately accelerate our actions at the individual and community levels.
Journal of Rangpur Medical College
Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities are considered a basic human necessity for survival and well-being, without these basic needs the health condition of millions of people, especially children and women are at risk. Bangladesh is vulnerable in this regard. Objectives: The study aimed to assess household water, sanitation and hygiene facilities and practices in selected villages of Taraganj Upazilla, Rangpur. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 341 rural households from six villages of Taraganj Upazilla, Rangpur district using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and an observation checklist. Data were collected through face-to-face interview and observing the facilities. Result: The respondents of this study were female predominant. Male: female ratio was 1:3 and their average age was 38.16(±14.03) years. Every household were using improved source of water for both drinking and other domestic purposes but only 4.7% households safely ...