Evaluation of the antiurolithiatic activity of the extract of Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe in rats (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of the antiurolithiatic activity of the extract of Costus spiralis Roscoe in rats
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1999
The antiurolithiatic activity of the water extract of Costus spiralis Roscoe was tested on formation of calculi on implants of calcium oxalate crystals or zinc disc in the urinary bladder of rats. The plant is a species from the family Zingiberaceae used in Brazilian folk medicine in urinary affections and for expelling urinary stones. Implantation of the foreign body in the urinary bladder of adult rats induced formation of urinary stones and hypertrophy of the smooth musculature. Oral treatment with the extract of Costus spiralis Roscoe (0.25 and 0.5 g/kg per day) after 4 weeks surgery reduced the growth of calculi, but it did not prevent hypertrophy of the organ smooth musculature. The contractile responses of isolated urinary bladder preparations to the muscarinic agonist bethanecol, in the presence and absence of the extract (0.3-3 mg/ml) or atropine (0.3 -3 nM) did not differ among the experimental groups. The results indicate that the extract of Costus spiralis Roscoe is endowed with antiurolithiatic activity confirming thus folk information. The effect, however, was unrelated to increased diuresis or to a change of the muscarinic receptor affinity of the bladder smooth musculature to cholinergic ligands.
Effective healthful medicinal plants as antilithiatic Agents
journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, 2019
There is associate recent and famed reality "the garden is that the poor man's apothecary" and treatment of every and each sickness is hidden in nature. Medicative plants area unit extremely reputable everywhere the globe as an expensive supply of therapeutic agents for the hindrance and treatment of varied diseases. Since ages, herbs area unit being employed for treating completely different| completely different} ailments in several components of world by different communities. A concretion, additionally referred to as a concretion could be a solid concretion or crystal aggregation shaped within the kidneys from dietary minerals within the excretion. The matter of urinary stones or calculi could be a terribly ancient one these stones area unit found altogether components of the tract, the kidney, and also the vesica and will vary significantly in size. Urolithiasis could be a complicated method that happens from series of many chemistry event together with super-saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention at intervals the kidneys. Gift article deals justifiably, varieties of excretory organ stones, risk factors associated, diagnosing and treatment ways together with several medicative plants as flavourer choice for treatment of urinary stones.
In vitro litholytic activity of some medicinal plants on urinary stones
African Journal of Urology
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of plant extracts used in traditional medicine on the dissolution of three types of kidney stones. Subjects and methods: Kidney calculi of cystine; uric acid and pure carbapatite were incubated in vitro during 6 weeks in the presence of three of plant extracts and of 0.9% NaCl solution used as control. An extract of each plant was prepared by infusion of three grams of powdered plants during 30 min in 100 mL of a boiled NaCl 0.9% aqueous solution. Each extract was then filtered and thereafter set in a flask containing a stones. At the end of each week the stone was removed from the experimental medium and weighted after a 18 h drying at 40 • C. Results: After 6 weeks of experiment and with in vitro study, we are observed that the aqueous extract of the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum has a better effect on dissolution of cystine and carbapatite stones (p < 0.05), with mass loss of 94 mg and 73 mg respectively at the end of experiment. While with NaCl solution, the mass was small. Conclusion: Our experiment failed to demonstrate a significant effect of the tested plant extracts to dissolve three types stones in vitro. However, we observed that only the extract of the seeds of T. foenum-graecum has a better effect on dissolution of cystine and carbapatite stones probably resulting from formation of complexes between stones and polyphenols or flavonoids present in the extracts.
International Journal of pharma and Bio Sciences, 2020
Urolithiasis is a common disease that has been recognized and documented in medical literature even by the Greek and Roman physicians. Carissa carandas Linn., is ensconce all over India mostly in the semi-arid territory. Karonda trees are extensively cultured in the domicile gardens, farmer's fields, and orchards as hedge-row plants. The aim of the research was to evaluate the antiurolithiatic property of Carissa carandas Linn. leaf extract in rats. Urolithiasis in male Wistar albino rats was experimentally induced by administration of 0.75% (v/v) ethylene glycol in drinking water ad libitum for 28 days. Also the animals were treated with three doses of EELCC (ethanolic extract of leaves of Carissa Carandas Linn.) i.e., 100, 200, 400 mg/kg and Cystone 750 mg/kg b.w., p.o., respectively once daily from 15 th to 28 th day. On the 29 th day, the bodyweight difference was measured and animals was housed in individual metabolic cages, urine (pooled) collected for 24 h. Blood was collected on the same day and centrifuged. Parameters like urinary volume and pH, urinary analysis (Calcium, Oxalate, Creatinine, Uric acid, Blood urea nitrogen, and Urea) and serum analysis (Calcium, Oxalate, Creatinine, Uric acid, Blood urea nitrogen, and Urea) were performed to access the antiurolithiatic activity. The urine was subjected to microscopical study to observe the CaOx crystals. Thereafter the animals were sacrificed, kidneys excised followed by weighing the difference and estimation of homogenate parameters (Calcium, Oxalate, MDA, GSH, Catalase and SOD). Histopathological study of the kidneys were done by light microscopy, whereas the EELCC treated rats (400 mg/kg) showed no presence of CaOx crystal deposits and apparently retained normal morphology, tubular epithelial cells and glomeruli as in normal control group when compared with Cystone (750 mg/kg). Urolithiasis caused significant (P< 0.01) changes in all parameters in lithiatic control group rats as compared to normal control group rats., treatment with EELCC at three doses i.e. 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and Cystone 750 mg/kg showed comparatively a significant (P< 0.01) restoration of all altered parameters. Based on results it can be concluded that the EELCC at dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (P< 0.01) anti-urolithiatic activity on experimentally induced urolithiasis.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.10\_Issue.1\_Jan2020/IJHSR\_Abstract.013.html, 2020
Kidney is one of the vital parts of the human body. Malfunction of kidney is due to blockage of stone in the urinary tract and urinary infection. Peoples are mainly focused on the treatment of kidney stone by using medicinal plants. Patients suffering from kidney stone may be treated by Lithotripsy, Ureteroscopy, open or Laparoscopy. Such treatment is costly and painful. Now-a-days medicinal plants are mainly used for such treatment because these plants are less side effect and more economic. In the present study, the inhibitory potency of crude extracts of Orthosiphon spiralis, Hedychium marginatum and Thunbergia alata in methanol were evaluated on the formation of calcium phosphate (CP) and on the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals in vitro. Also, comparison of antiurolithiatic property of these plants and Cystone, a herbal drug, is studied. Results show that Cystone is effective in the inhibition of CP stone both in aqueous and urinary media while Orthosiphon spiralis has the highest inhibitory effect for COM both in aqueous and urinary media in vitro.
Antiurolithiatic plants: Multidimensional pharmacology
Urolithiasis is a common problem afflicted for many centuries with high recurrence. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information about traditionally used antiurolithiatic plants and their scientifically proved pharmacological activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, litholytic, lithotriptic, antiurolithiatic, antispasmodic, ACE inhibition and Phospholipase A2 inhibition as a plausible mechanism of action. A total of 503 species, 365 genera and 119 families were cited for treating kidney stones. The most cited families are Asteraceae (41), Fabaceae (34), Lamiaceae (26), Apiaceae (21), Rosaceae (19) and Poaceae (16). The most common used plant parts are root and rhizome (25%), mode of preparation decoction (62%) and route of administration is oral in all cases. This review will provide the opportunities for the future research and development of new natural antiurolithiatic compounds. Introduction The belief and observations regarding traditionally used medicinal plants, increasing the interest of people to use natural medicine for their primary health care needs. A wide range of medicinal plants have been used in different countries and cultures as a prophylactic and curative agent for urolithiasis. Most of the remedies are very useful, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. Scientific studies reveal the mechanism of actions of these antiurolithiatic plants and the results show very interesting and multidimensional action, responsible for their effectiveness at different stages of urolithiasis, such as, the diuretic action increases the quantity of fluid going pass through the kidneys as a result flush out the deposits. Therefore, the increase in urine volume decreases the saturation of the salts and prevents the precipitation of the crystals at physiological pH. Breaking, disintegration and dissolution of preformed stones (litholytic activity) and binding inhibition among particles to form stones (lithotriptic activity) play an important role in this pathological condition. Crystal inhibitors decrease crystal nucleation, aggregation and growth. Furthermore, they inhibit crystallization by their adsorption to the crystal surface which makes them unable for renal tubular attachment (crystallization inhibition activity). In urine different crystalloids like oxalate, uric acid, calcium and cystine are present with mucin and sulphuric acid colloids in dissolved form. The disturbance in crystalloid-colloid balance (increase in crystalloid and decrease in colloid) causes renal stone formation. Renal exposure to oxalate and calcium oxalate causes lipid peroxidation, produces Reactive Oxygen Species followed by renal cell injury and inflammation. This loss of membrane integrity, promotes fibrosis and collagen formation, facilitates calcium oxalate retention and subsequent stone formation [1, 2]. Renin-Angiotensin System activates the NADPH oxidase in renal cells, which produces Reactive Oxygen Species. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition significantly reduces calcium oxalate crystal deposition and renal inflammation. The Reactive Oxygen Species end up phospholipase A 2 activation through nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. Activation of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 generates arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine, which increase reactive oxygen species production that in turn increase in cell death and crystal formation [1, 3]. The obstructing stone causes renal colic and in this condition an antispasmodic activity of the smooth muscles along with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities play an important role in symptomatic relief from renal colic and dysuria. Antispasmodics help in stone passage. The obstruction of urine outflow by stones decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting nitrogenous waste (urea, creatinine and uric acid) accumulation in blood
Herbal Resources with Antiurolithiatic Effects: A Review
Urolithiasis defined as the urinary stone originating anywhere in the urinary tract. Medicinal plants are established as renewable sources with antiurolithiatic effects. There are many marketed formulations which are having antiurolithiatic activity, some of them are Cystone, Calcuri and Chandraprabha bati. These formulation have been widely used clinically to dissolve urinary calculi in the kidney and urinary bladder. Apart from these, there are series of other traditional plants available and have been scientifically assessed for their antiurolithiatic activity. So the present review article explain the potential of medicinal plants in the treatment of urinary stone.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.12\_Issue.9\_Sep2022/IJHSR-Abstract21.html, 2022
Many novel compounds had obtained from the plants having medicinal property. Among the medicinal plants, those having antiurolithiatic properties are important and are very effective in controlling and curing of stone formation in the urinary tract. The inhibitory effect of aqueous methanolic extract of traditionally used medicinal plants were studied on the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOX) stone in aqueous as well as in urinary medium. The inhibitory effects were presented as the percentage of inhibition or the degree of inhibition as compared to blank urine. The inhibition in stone formation is due to its capacity of increasing the solubility product of its constituents and is determined through chemoinhibition experiment. The antiurolithiatic properties of different medicinal plants were studied and presented in decreasing order in the present work. The finding give support the effectiveness of many medicinal plants against the urolithiatic cases specially in CaOX formation as used in the folklore medicine.
Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of plant extracts used in traditional medicine on the dissolution of oxalo-calcic and cystine stones. Also, the efficiency of phenolic fractions (Tannins and Flavonoids) for the plants that gave us the best stone dissolution rate. Subjects and methods: Kidney stone of oxalo-calcic and cystine stones were incubated in vitro for 8 weeks in the presence of five plants extracts (hydro-ethanolic and aqueous extracts). NaCl solution (0,9 %) used as negative control and sodium citrate solution at 3 mM/L as a positive control. The studied plants were Herniaria hirsuta L. aerial parts, Opuntia ficus-indica L. flowers, Zea mays L. stigmata, Ammi visnaga L. seeds and Ziziphus lotus L. fruits. After 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks the stones were weighed after 18 h drying at 40°C and the dissolution rate of the stones and the pH of the solution were measured.Results: After eight weeks, all the plant extracts and phenolic fractions had reveale...