An overview of vertical handover techniques: Algorithms, protocols and tools (original) (raw)
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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014
End-users increasingly expect ubiquitous connectivity while on the move. With a variety of wireless access technologies available, we expect to always be connected to the technology that best matches our performance goals and price points. Meanwhile, sophisticated on-board units enable geolocation and complex computation in support of handover. In this paper, we present an overview of vertical handover techniques, and propose an algorithm empowered by the IEEE 802.21 standard, that considers the particularities of the vehicular networks, the surrounding context, the application requirements, the user preferences, and the different available wireless networks (i.e., Wi-Fi, WiMAX and UMTS) in order to improve users' quality of experience. Our results demonstrate that our approach, under the considered scenario, is able to meet application requirements while ensuring user preferences are also met.
An enhanced vertical handover decision algorithm designed for vehicular networks
Nowadays automotive industry is taking advantage of the latest developments offering On-Board Units, which are powered by advanced processors, GPS devices, sensors, and multiple wireless access technologies such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX and UMTS. Users within vehicular networks will be able to access content from the Internet at high speeds while moving from one place to another, switching among multiple access points with heterogeneous coverage areas, as well as with different Quality of Service (QoS) levels offered. To maintain data connections alive in such dynamic conditions, Vertical Handover techniques are required. In this paper we present a Vertical Handover Decision Algorithm designed for dynamic environments. The decision making process is optimized by combining networking information, obtained by the services of the IEEE 802.21 standard, with geolocation, map information, surround context information and route calculation, thereby improving the handovers' performance.
Intelligent Technique for Seamless Vertical Handover in Vehicular Networks
Mobile Networks and Applications
Seamless mobility is a challenging issue in the area of research of vehicular networks that are supportive of various applications dealing with the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The conventional mobility management plans for the Internet and the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is unable to address the needs of the vehicular network and there is severe performance degradation because of the vehicular networks' unique characters such as high mobility. Thus, vehicular networks require seamless mobility designs that especially developed for them. This research provides an intelligent algorithm in providing seamless mobility using the media independent handover, MIH (IEEE 802.21), over heterogeneous networks with different access technologies such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), as well as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) for improving the quality of service (QoS) of the mobile services in the vehicular networks. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid model which merges the biogeographybased optimization or BBO with the Markov chain. The findings of this research show that our method within the given scenario can meet the requirements of the application as well as the preferences of the users.
Vertical Handover between WiFi and UMTS Networks: Experimental Performance Analysis
2011
In this paper, we analyze the performance of vertical handover (VHO) algorithms for seamless mobility between WiFi and UMTS networks. We focus on a no-coupling scenario, characterized by the lack of any form of cooperation between the involved players (users and network operators). In this "hostile" scenario, the VHO operations are completely operated by the mobile terminal (MT), and the network authentication procedures are unoptimized, leading to typically long handover times. In this context, we first propose a low-complexity Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)-based algorithm and, then, an improved hybrid RSSI/goodput version.
Vertical Handover in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks
—Handover is one of the enhancement mechanisms that plays a central role in heterogeneous wireless networks. Designing a handover algorithm for heterogeneous networks becomes an essential issue since it is responsible for providing better Quality of Service (QoS) and higher level of Quality of Experience (QoE) to users. Similarly, the proposed algorithms must fulfill the user's QoS requirements and must also provide seamless roaming across different networks. This paper presents an overview of some key issues pertaining to the design of Vertical Handover (VH) in 4G and 5G wireless networks. The VH measurements and decision mechanisms are studied in relation to network types and frequency used mechanisms. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of the existing works are investigated in detail and the challenging issues of the next generation of wireless networks are presented as well.
End-to-end mobility solution for vertical handoff between heterogeneous wireless networks
2009 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, 2009
The last decade has seen explosive growth in the development of mobile applications. This has increased the demand on the wireless communication services. The capability to achieve wireless access anywhere, anytime, and anyplace has become common expectation as it provides significant flexibility and freedom in mobility. But to achieve global mobility in heterogeneous networks for any mobile device requires seamless connectivity using vertical handoff. Since none of the existing wireless frameworks provide practical solutions for vertical handoff. End-to-End Vertical Handoff (E2EVH) proposed in this paper offers a new concept to perform vertical handoff between heterogeneous wireless networks. To deliver network services without interruption, E2EVH present a novel design to monitor the network availability, it then picks the best accessible network for application layer. Since this approach relies only on existing technologies, deployed protocols and lightweight calculations, our approach can be easily implemented. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept of E2EVH, and preliminary simulation results using OPNET Modeler 14.5. The results for different tested scenarios indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Future research activities will integrate several additional wireless technologies that are presented and discussed in the paper.
Comparative Analysis of Vertical Handover Algorithms
The future wireless network comprises of a few heterogeneous systems and the QoS of these systems relies upon different parameters like system limit, transmission capacity, information rate, Received Signal Strength (RSS), control utilization and so forth. For the continuous progressing calls regardless of the home area or guest area registry, Handoff (Handover) is required to guarantee the progressing client session with consistent availability. Many fascinating examination challenges are completed by various analysts in the field of handoff. A decent handoff ought to stay away from or decrease call drops with least assets and power utilization. In this paper, results supported algorithms projected by Omar K.,et al., Ahmed Hasswa, et al. and C Chrysostomou, et,al. are mentioned wherever researchers propose vertical handover(VHO) for performing mobility management in heterogeneous wireless network supported bandwidth, delay, coverage and power consumption.
Handoff Schemes in Mobile Environments
International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 2020
Vehicular ad-hoc networks are one of the most popular applications of Ad-hoc networks, where networks are formed without any sort of physical connecting medium and can be formed whenever required. It is an area in networks that has enjoyed a considerable amount of attention for quite some time. Due to the highly mobile environment where these networks find their usability, it can be understood that there are a lot of problems with respect to maintaining the communication links between the moving vehicular nodes and the static infrastructures which act as the access points (AP) for these moving vehicular mobile nodes (MN). The coverage area of each AP is limited and as such, the connections need to be re-established time and again between the MNs and the closest accessible AP. Handoff is the process involved here, which deals with selecting the optimal APs as well as the best network available for data transmission. In this article, the authors compare various handoff methods and cat...
A VERTICAL HANDOVER DECISION APPROACHES IN NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS: A SURVEY
In next generation wireless network the most desirable feature is its ability to move seamlessly over various access network regardless of the network infrastructure is used. The handover between these dissimilar networks can be explored by using vertical handover algorithms. This paper focuses on the vertical handover decision methods and algorithms effectiveness. Most of the algorithms which are based on RSS values provide vertical handover with small delay at a lower rate of throughput. There are such algorithms which provide significant improvements in throughput but at a cost of higher delays. As per the need for the real time applications in next generation wireless networks there is a requirement of developing new optimized algorithms that are able to produce high throughput and minimizing signalling cost and delay.