Trajectories of Competition and Sharing of Religious Spaces in the Balkans (original) (raw)
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Jouurnal of the American Academy of Religion, 2013
In this article we consider elements of sharing, space and time involved in analyzing cases of shared and contested religious space. We draw on comparative data and use a model of competitive sharing of religious sites, or "Antagonistic Tolerance," that we are developing with an interdisciplinary and international group of colleagues. A key concept in this project which we explain is that of the religioscape, the distribution in spaces through time of the physical manifestations of specific religious traditions and of the populations that build them. We demonstrate what we see as the advantages of this approach over the more customary one of looking at individual sites as if they were isolated in space and time. Examples are drawn from Portugal, Anatolia and the post-Ottoman Balkans.
Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 2013
In this article, we consider elements of sharing, space, and time involved in analyzing cases of shared and contested religious space. We draw on comparative data and use a model of competitive sharing of religious sites, or "Antagonistic Tolerance," that we are developing with an interdisciplinary and international group of colleagues. A key concept which we explain in this project is that of the religioscape, the distribution in spaces through time of the physical manifestations of specific religious traditions and of the populations that build them. We demonstrate what we see as the advantages of this approach over the more customary one of looking at individual sites as if they were isolated in space and time. Examples are drawn from Portugal, Anatolia, and the post-Ottoman Balkans.
Antagonistic Tolerance: Competitive Sharing of Religious Sites in South Asia and the Balkans
Current Anthropology, 2002
THIS 2002 ARTICLE IS ONLY THE FIRST VERSION OF THE MODEL OF ANTAGONISTIC TOLERANCE. IT HAS BEEN RENDERED OBSOLETE BY THE 2016 BOOK Antagonistic Tolerance: Competitive Sharing of Religious Sites and Spaces. London: Routledge, 2016. (co-authored with Tuğba Tanyeri-Erdemir, Timothy D. Walker, Aykan Erdemir, Devika Rangachari, Manuel Aguilar-Moreno, Enrique López-Hurtado, and Milica Bakić-Hayden), CONTAINS THE MOST HIGHLY DEVELOPED FORMS OF THE ARGUMENT AND MODEL, RESPONDING TO CRITICISMS OF THIS ARTICLE. THE LINK FOR THIS BOOK IS ON MY ACADEMIA PAGE, UNDER BOOKS. ALSO, THE 2013 ARTICLE I PUBLISHED WITH TIMOTHY WALKER, “Intersecting Religioscapes: A Comparative Approach to Trajectories of Change, Scale, and Competitive Sharing of Religious Spaces.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 81(#2) June 2013, HAS A MUCH MORE DEVELOPED FORM OF THE ARGUMENT AND MODEL THAN THIS 2002 ARTICLE FROM CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY.
Drawing on research conducted at a mosque in the Croatian port city of Rijeka and an integrated space of worship (a " mosque-cem house ") for Sunni and Alevi Muslims in the Turkish capital of Ankara, this essay traces the divergences between discursive practices and spatial practices in relation to infrastructures of religious diversity. After developing a theoretical model based on Michel de Certeau's distinction between place and space, I examine the shared discourse of interreligious tolerance and pluralism that framed both Rijeka's New Mosque and Ankara's mosque-cem house. Following this, I analyze the radically different spatial practices choreographed by the two projects: the spatial " mixing " of distinct religious communities and forms of worship in the case of the mosque-cem house, and the spatial separation and sequestration of Islam in relation to the city and nation at large in the case of the New Mosque. I argue that the contrast between the politicization of the mosque-cem house project and the near-unanimous approbation for the New Mosque stems from this contrast in spatial practices. The essay concludes with a vignette from the neighborhood near the mosque-cem house that draws attention to the potential contradictions between infrastructures of diversity and more protean forms of social, cultural, and religious plurality.
Religionization of Public Space: Symbolic Struggles and Beyond—The Case of Ex-Yugoslav Societies
Religions, 2018
The relationship between religious communities and states in the former Yugoslavia is burdened with socialist heritage, but also with conflicts that ensued after the downfall of the socialist regimes. Although the majority of these countries are defined as secular, the struggles have not abated. Following the war conflicts, these struggles moved to the political and symbolic level. The formal and informal influence of religious institutions on the secular state and society continues. Since these countries are formally defined as secular and they strive to join the EU, which supports the separation between church(es) and religious communities and the state, with cooperation based on mutual independence and respect, legal solutions are biased towards acknowledging these principles. Nevertheless, the public sphere has become a battlefield in which public space is being occupied, and a particular way of life and values is imposed. The dynamics of symbolic and other struggles in former Yugoslav countries differ as a consequence of different powers and the relationships between specific religious communities within a state. This paper aims to examine the present religionization of public space that has been taking place, despite the fact that the states in question have been declared as secular
Editorial Special Issue Public religion and urban space in Europe
Social and Cultural Geography, 2014
Conflicts related to demographic and cultural change in Europe regularly find their expression in struggles over the presence and visibility of religious buildings and groups. As this editorial argues, these conflicts can best be understood from a postsecular perspective that takes into account overlapping and diverging histories of state-formation and secularization. The papers collected for this special issue on public religion and urban space demonstrate that many of the difficulties that European societies face in accommodating religious diversity stem from historically formed relationships between national political identities and religious identities. In many European cases, secularization did not entail a fundamental separation between religion and politics but the formal establishment of one single national church or two competing ones, but territorially based national churches. One of the consequences of these types of establishments is that certain religious traditions are generally described and experienced as fitting with the nation and others are not. The contributors to this special issue show in detail that the struggles of contemporary religious movements in Europe to become present in the public domain are related to commonly accepted understandings of where and how religion should manifest itself in the urban environment, based on the public life of religious traditions that are considered part of the nation.
Antagonistic Tolerance: Competitive Sharing of Religious Sites and Spaces
2016
THIS 2016 BOOK CONTAINS THE MOST DEVELOPED MODEL OF ANTAGONISTIC TOLERANCE AND REPLACES THE EARLIER VERSION IN HAYDEN'S 2002 ARTICLE IN CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY. Paperback edition 2019: https://www.routledge.com/Antagonistic-Tolerance-Competitive-Sharing-of-Religious-Sites-and-Spaces/Hayden-Erdemir-Tanyeri-Erdemir-Walker-Rangachari-Aguilar-Moreno-Lopez-Hurtado-Bakic-Hayden/p/book/9780367875565 The book can also be downloaded from libgen: http://gen.lib.rus.ec/book/index.php?md5=929B96EB89D28B475B24020B050070ED Antagonistic Tolerance examines patterns of coexistence and conflict amongst members of different religious communities, using multidisciplinary research to analyze groups who have peacefully intermingled for generations, and who may have developed aspects of syncretism in their religious practices, and yet have turned violently on each other. Such communities define themselves as separate peoples, with different and often competing interests, yet their interaction is usually peaceable provided the dominance of one group is clear. The key indicator of dominance is control over central religious sites, which may be tacitly shared for long periods, but later contested and even converted as dominance changes. By focusing on these shared and contested sites, this volume allows for a wider understanding of relations between these communities. Using a range of ethnographic, historical and archaeological data from the Balkans, India, Mexico, Peru, Portugal and Turkey, Antagonistic Tolerance develops a comparative model of the competitive sharing and transformation of religious sites. These studies are not considered as isolated cases, but are instead woven into a unified analytical framework which explains how long-term peaceful interactions between religious communities can turn conflictual and even result in ethnic cleansing. This book marks the culmination of the Antagonistic Tolerance project, in which a multidisciplinary and international research team developed a comparative framework for the analysis of competitive sharing of religious sites, in religioscapes, or networks of other such sites. Robert M. Hayden was Senior author; co-authors were Tuğba Tanyeri-Erdemir, Timothy D. Walker, Aykan Erdemir, Devika Rangachari, Manuel Aguilar-Moreno, Enrique López-Hurtado, and Milica Bakić-Hayden. The works draws on ethnographic, archaeological, historical and architectural data from Anatolia, the Balkans, India, Mexico, Peru, and Portugal.