Social Types in Postcommunist Transition: Reform and Migration Attitudes, 1995

Migration in market and democracy transition: Migration intentions and behavior in Romania, 1996

Population Research and Policy Review, 1996

This paper analyzes the determinants of migration decision-making in the context of recent market and democratic transition in Romania. Using early 1990s internal migration survey, census and population register data, the results from Lisrel path models show that market and democracy value orientation variables are significant determinants of intentions to move, controlling for individual and regional social structural and resource indicators. Similarly, district-level out-migration behavior is directly determined by the political profile of the local area. Results from the total and disaggregated rural and urban models are interpreted through a reform values and characteristics typology of migrants. At least in the early stages of Romanian transition, the results indicate that migration choice behavior is governed by a search for places with greatest opportunities in terms of market and democracy returns. Implications of the results for political system and public policy decision are discussed.

Migration in market and democracy transition: Migration intentions and behavior in Romania

Population Research and Policy Review, 1996

Political change, ideology and migration intentions, 1998

Political change from com m unism to m arket econom y and dem ocracy marks the "double transition" context for m igration decision taken by people in post-com m unist Eastern E uropean countries. U sing data from a 1995 survey o f Rom ania's adult population, this research explores the im pacts o f values, m arket and dem ocracy reform ideology orientations, and local area m arket econom y-related changes on intentions to move. M ultiple regression m odels show that the m ajor determ inants o f migration intentions are younger p eo p le's beliefs that m igration will prom ote life success, and their ex p ectatio n s o f attaining valued goals in a locality other than their hom e com m unity. M arket and dem ocracy reform orientations im pact migration intentions indirectly through positive associations with migration-related expectations and beliefs. D eclining local area em ploym ent opportunities, prior migration experience, and a traditionalist value orientation have additional direct effects on intentions stay or move. An analysis o f m igrant types provides evidence o f the different decision m aking strategies o f Rom anian w orkers in the pos-com m unist era.

From growth to shrinkage: The effects of economic change on the migration processes in rural Romania Zusammenfassung Vom Wachstum zur Schrumpfung: Die Auswirkungen des ökonomischen Wandels auf Migrationsprozesse im ländlichen Raum Rumäniens

Romania's current territorial development, the new spatial structure of the economy and the population are mostly determined – besides the process of path dependency – by new political, social and economic circumstances. With the transition from a planned to a market economy, the post-communist socioeconomic changes have left their mark on the evolution of the rural population not just in terms of structure and quality, but also in terms of numbers. Deindus-trialization and the restructuring processes that occurred in the late 1990s have had a negative effect that manifested itself not only in the rise of unemployment, but also in the directional change of the internal migration. The main objective of the paper is to show how the spatial pattern of migration flows has changed during two time periods: between 1990 to 1996, when the internal movement of people was characterized by rural-urban migration and 1997 to 2011, when – due to the economic restructuring processes – urban-rural migration has prevailed. To interpret this, the paper focuses on assessing the current state and the spatial differentiation of migration in Romania – based on settlement level data, regardless of the spatial conditionality of the phenomenon-using the technique of spatial autocorrela-tion. The aim is to establish and interpret the different clusters resulting from the similarities in the intensity of the net migration rate, as well as to compare the outputs of these two results. The analysis mostly focuses on the effects of economic change on the internal migration, regardless of aspects related to the emigration of the Romanian population .

From Internal to International Migration in Romania – Continuity and Spatial Differentiation

Eastern European Journal for Regional Studies, 2021

The study proposes a set of analyses on the evolution of the migration balance of Romania’s population over a wide time interval, fully covering the period dominated by the communist regime (1948-1989) and the last three decades marked by the transition to a market economy. The aim is to differentiate the typology of the time and space distribution of the mentioned indicator and to test a set of explanatory factors, for each of the two distinct periods. The typological and factor analyses applied led to results that largely confirm the hypothesis of a continuity between the massive internal migration during the communist regime and the more complex migration in recent decades. At the same time, the profound changes in the incidence of certain explanatory factors certify a complete restructuring of the migration system in Romania after 1990. The massive migration from rural to urban areas, brought about by positional or socio-economic factors, was gradually replaced after the fall of...

The Phenomenon of Migration in Romania

Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, 2019

Migration is a phenomenon that has existed since ancient times, recording different trends. In Europe, the number regarding migration grew after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the fall of the socialist regimes. In Romania, migration increased after the fall of communism, in 1989. Although there was migration also during the communist period, it was controlled and registered low intensity. In Romania, migration differs according to areas, nationality and country of destination. The purpose of this study is to establish if the migration is related to the nationality and country of destination and to cluster the counties of Romania according to migration.

Internal migration transition in Romania?

This paper is an overview of the shifts in the internal migration patterns in Romania for the last six decades. In the first part a literature-based brief overview of the trends and patterns of internal migration during communism will be presented. In the second (more extensive) part, a statistical-data based analysis of the internal migration trends and patterns over the last 25 years will be provided. The breakdown of the Romanian communist regime (in December 1989) was the beginning for a major change in the general demographic and socioeconomic context of the internal migration and regime of the Romanian internal migration control. In terms of the demographic context, the period of the communist regime was characterised by relatively high (though territorially significantly differentiated) fertility rates and overall population increase. In socioeconomic terms, industrialisation and the subsequent urbanisation give rise to a significant and dynamic context of migratory opportunities and subsequent flows of internal mobility. Nevertheless the migratory processes emerged in this particular demographic and socioeconomic context were to large extent controlled by the state, and, since external migration was very limited, occurring within the national territory. The means of internal migration control during communism During the communist period, the state closely controlled the labour market, and via economic investment policies and by various administrative procedures, not just stimulated but to some extent pointed the tracks for the internal mobility paths. Especially in the initial phase of the communist industrialisation process, major industrial settings were established in regions with existing infrastructure. Since these customarily were not located in regions with high fertility rates, substantial migratory movement from less developed to more prosperous regions were induced (Turnock 1970).

Interregional Migration in Romania during the 1990s

ERSA conference papers, 2003

This paper represents a part of the authors' contribution to the research project on Labour Force in Romania: Analysis and Forecasting, financed by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research within 'Horizon 2000' programme. The authors have received the permission to publish the results of their research. * The structural change coefficient is the squared root of structural variations recorded for each component of the vector describing the structure of a certain indicator).

The Social Space of Transition. A Sociological Approach on Romania, Madrid: Niram Art, 2015. (Translation and updating of ”Spatiul social al tranzitiei”, 1999)

” The book has five chapters and an introduction. The first chapter ("In Search of the Lost Road") and introduction ("Transition As Exodus") refer to theoretical issues related to transition, reform, and modernization of the Romanian society after 1989. In addition, these sections introduce comparative data on patterns of post-communist reform in Central and Eastern Europe. The remaining four chapters present the empirical analyses. Two of them ("Inhabitant of the Status Space" and "The Entrepreneurial Elite") identify the main actors of reforms in relation to the new social structure and entrepreneurship of Romanian society in transition. The descriptive and explanatory analysis reconstructs the social picture of the lives of these actors. Two other chapters are devoted to fundamental frames of transition and reform in post-communist Romania: interpersonal and institutional trust ("Productive Sociability"), on one hand, and community-regional frame of Romanian society of 1990-2000 ("Community and Regional Development"), on the other hand. In other words, the book approaches the Romanian transition of the 1990s through two frames of reference: social actors of the reform and their living environments (community-regional spaces and trust relationships in the social fabric of that period).” …… ”….the focus of the analysis is on the social actors of reforms in the post-communist transition. Democratic social reform is understood as a voluntary change "unleashed by the plans of the elite and implemented by means of interaction between the elite and the masses, on the basis of some mechanisms of persuasion, contagion …". The book is particularly interested in people’s support of institutional reforms. Large survey datasets are used to capture attitudes and behaviours of the population related to reform changes. Identifying those who support the free market and democracy is one of the major themes of the volume. Population reactions to the challenges of reform processes are dependent, mainly, on what people have objectively (material capital), what they are by skills and interconnections (socio-human capital), what they feel in relation to their expectations (subjective well-being) and what they believe (values). To have (objectively and subjectively), to be and to believe are the three axes that structure the public reactions to the challenges of post-communist reform. The social structure of the Romanian society in transition is one in which the objective and subjective dimensions are found to be strongly associated. A standard approach in terms of social classes proves to be ineffective. It is preferable to use a phenomenological approach, in which the subjective dimensions find their proper place.” (From Preface to English edition)

Social Types in Postcommunist Transition: Reform and Migration Attitudes, 1995 (original) (raw)

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