Calidad bacteriológica del agua para consumo humano en zonas de alta marginación de Chiapas (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of One Health, 2020
Aim: This study aimed at examined the presence of coliform bacteria in private wells and boreholes (BH) in peri-urban areas of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, using the approaches of most probable number (MPN) index and coliform count. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and sixty-eight water samples were randomly collected during a 1-year period from non-cased wells, burn brick cased wells (BBW), concrete cased wells, and BH in four locations; A, B, C, and D during the wet and dry seasons. One liter of water was obtained from each well at every visit to the four sites, and eight water samples were collected from each visit. The samples were analyzed using multiple tube fermentation methods and pour plate techniques to determine the MPN of coliform/100 ml of water, reading from the MPN statistics table. Results: One-way analysis of variance statistics was applied using Duncan's new multiple range test to separate the means where there was a significant difference. The result revealed that the MPN index and total coliform counts in all the wells in the locations were above the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit for potable water. The highest MPN index of 54.807 was recorded in Location A and followed by 42.679 in Location B. The MPN index in Locations C and D was 36.740 and 30.943, respectively. There was significantly (p=0.000) higher total coliform count in the wet season (41.48±7.09) than in the dry season (38.33±2.83). Conclusion: This study shows the presence of coliform bacteria isolates in all the wells and BH that exceeded the WHO permissible limits for drinking water. The water from these sources is unsafe for drinking except after dosing with appropriate germicides. Sensitization of the population on the actions they can take to make the water safe for domestic use is suggested.
Bacteriological contamination of groundwater in relation to septic tanks location in Ashanti Region, Ghana, 2018
Water is an indispensable resource to mankind and life in general. Over the world, issues of water scarcity and quality are becoming pronounced with increasing global population, industrialization and urbanization. Developmental activities of man can lead to the deterioration of surface and groundwater. As a result, groundwater has become an important source of water supply throughout the world. This research is very necessary in these communities because of associated cost with purchasing of land due to nearness to the KNUST. The communities serve as residence for students, lecturers and the business community as well. As a consequence, the small pieces of land acquired for building virtually does not give room for considering the siting of septic tanks and underground water, which is the most common source of water in these communities. In this study, water samples were taken from eight purposively sampled wells/ boreholes at Ayeduase, Kotei and Boadi communities where septic tanks are within 0-39 m to the well/borehole. However, a control well without septic tank within the radius of above 39 m was chosen. Samples taken from wells were analysed in the laboratory for Escherichia coli, salmonella, faecal coliforms, non-faecal coliforms and total coliforms. E. coli was found present in 25% wells and 25% boreholes sampled. Salmonella and faecal coliforms were found in 75% the boreholes/well except the control well and BH2. Non-faecal coliforms count was 100% in all boreholes/wells. The ABOUT THE AUTHOR Jeremiah Kasalku Takal is a young researcher and a candidate for MPhil in Environmental Resources Management. He has done an undergraduate degree in Natural Resources Management and has his major research interest in Natural Resources Management and the Environment. He has a special interest in Agroforestry and has done an unpublished work on the Allelopathic Effects of Neem Leaves Extracts on the Germination and Initial Growth of Vigna unguiculata. He is also currently working on a publication on the use of GIS interpolation to predict the pollution potential of groundwater. This current paper seeks among other things to provide relevant information to policymakers in the Ghanaian water sector on the state of groundwater resources and guide future decisions to satisfy the water needs of the people in the study area. PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT The paper examined the levels of microbacterial contamination of groundwater in the study area. It generally looks at the quantum of bacterial coliform levels in groundwater, specifically, in wells/boreholes in the study area. The study then related the levels of the bacterial contaminants to the distance of the groundwater sources from the nearest septic tank. It was realised out of the study that, microbacterial contaminants were present in all the groundwater samples collected in the study area, although in relatively small quantities. These contamination levels were then compared with the World Health Organization guidelines and conclusion were drawn. The study also showed that for non-faecal coliforms and total coliforms count, there was a relationship between distances of wells/boreholes from the septic tanks. study reveals that, water in the study communities contain some levels of contaminants and raises questions about its suitability for drinking and domestic use.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2020
Water quality was assessed from 11 hand dug wells in the Adentan Municipality using Water Quality Index (WQI) and bacteriological load as indicators. The sampling was conducted during the months of July to September, 2019. A total of 33 samples were taken from 11 hand dug wells at monthly intervals. Weighted Average Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was used to compute parameters which include temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total solids, biological oxygen demand, salinity and total alkalinity. Indicator fecal coliforms were also enumerated. All samples showed presence of E. coli and Salmonella in the dug wells with AD 2 having the highest E. coli count of 1.32x10 3 cfu/100 ml. AD 11 had the least count of both E. coli and Salmonella (1.28x10 2 cfu/100 ml and 1.68x10 1 cfu/100 ml) respectively. The highest WQI value was recorded for AD 7 and the lowest was recorded for AD 9. 36.4% of the wells were graded as "A" whilst the remaining 63.6% were graded "B". The combined results of WQI and bacteriological assessment shown that the water quality determined only by WQI (physico-chemical) parameters cannot reflect the true water quality status.
The research assessed the microbial water quality of shallow wells for drinking purpose in Ringim Town, Jigawa state. Among the objectives of this research is the identification of the presence of Total Coliform and Escherichia Coli in sampled water. The results were compared with NIS (2007) and WHO (2008) standards so as to assess the quality status of the water for drinking purpose in the town. Five samples of water were analyzed in the laboratory using membrane Filter Method (M.F.). On the issue of contamination, generally, there were high contaminations of water in dry season than in wet season. The number of Total Coliform detected ranges from 1cfu/100ml to 200cfu/100ml while that of E. Coli ranges from 1cfu/100ml to 98cfu/100ml depending on the sample. The comparison of the results with NIS and WHO (2008) indicates that groundwater samples of the area are not very suitable for drinking. Among the recommendations given are that; borehole water should be treated especially those suspected to contain high number of organisms per 100ml and that public health education on water sanitation is required, especially with routine monitoring of human activities in the area, pertaining all sources of water supply.
2016
Bacteriological quality assessment of some hand-dug shallow water wells in Awka metropolis was carried out during the dry and wet seasons to determine their potability. The total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform and Vibrio chloreae counts were determined using standard laboratory methods. The total bacterial counts during the dry season ranged from 100 to 300 cfu/100ml; total coliform counts, 42-126 cfu/100ml; faecal coliform counts, 10-26 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae counts, 2-10cfu/100ml. During the wet season, the total bacterial counts ranged from 148 to 450 cfu/100ml; total coliform counts, 77-240 cfu/100ml; faecal coliform counts, 12-30 cfu/100ml and Vibrio cholerae counts, 6-13 cfu/100ml. The bacteria isolated during the dry season were Salmonella typhi (7.44%), Proteus vulgaris (18.08%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.55%), Enterobacter aerogenes (35.71%), Vibrio cholerae (2.85%) and Escherichia coli (8.37%). During the wet season, the bacterial isolates were Salmonel...
To determine the bacteriological quality and physicochemical properties of handdug well water used as sole source of water for domestic consumption in Dareta village, Anka, Nigeria. Study Design: In this study ten (10) different well water samples were collected from Dareta village for bacterial assessment and the physicochemical properties. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria, between July and November, 2012. Methodology: The samples were also cultured into bacteriological peptone water for enrichment. The culture in bacteriological peptone water was diluted in distilled water using serial dilution for total bacterial count. Some biochemical tests were carried out to identify the pathogens, also MPN was done for total coliform count. The temperature and TDS of the water samples were measured using HACH conductivity/TDS meter and the 1120 pH was conducted using Lutron pH 201 meter. Results: The physicochemical properties of the water indicated that the temperature was 26-29ºC, pH ranged from 5.82 -6.65 and total dissolved solid ranged from 60 -380 mg/ml. The result of heterotrophic plate count showed bacterial count range from 33 × 10 2 -110 × 10 4 cfu/ml. The most probable number result was from 23 -1600MPN/ml. The pathogens isolated were Salmonella spp (40%), Escherichia coli (80%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (50%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the presence of these pathogens in the water indicates that none of the water used for domestic purposes in this village meet the maximum acceptable value.
Sule Lamido University Journal of Science and Technology (SLUJST) Vol. 2 No. 2 [June, 2021], pp. 16-24, 2021
Access to potable water is a huge challenge to the people of Gaya town who solely depend on hand-dug wells as their main source of drinking water. This study was conducted to examine the quality of water manually drawn from existing hand-dug wells in Gaya, Northwestern Nigeria. Systematic random sampling was adopted in collecting water samples from four (4) hand-dug wells that were purposively selected based on population of users and rate of usage. Water samples collected were subsequently analysed for physicochemical and bacteriological assays using standard methods. Results of physicochemical parameters indicated that pH ranged from 6.43 to 7.12; temperature (29.6 0 C to 31.7 0 C); electrical conductivity (207µS/cm to 657 µS/cm); turbidity (0NTU to 4.85NTU); Calcium (0.23mg/L to 0.87mg/L); Chloride (5.9 mg/L to 17.5mg/L) and Magnesium (0.10 mg/L to 0.36 mg/L) respectively. All the measured physicochemical parameters were within permissible standards set by water regulating bodies. However, total coliform and E. coli counts ranging from 0 to 34 cfu/100ml and 0.24 to 0.32 x 10 2 cfu/100mL were recorded respectively. The results obtained in this study have clearly indicated that the water drawn from the hand-dug wells is not free from pollution and therefore not fit for drinking. It is therefore recommended that hand-dug well water in this locality should be subjected to sanitary treatment before drinking with a view to averting eminent public health crisis.
Impacts of bacterial pollution on hand-dug well water quality in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2017
This study investigated the effect of bacterial pollution on ground water quality in Enugu urban areas. During the study, samples were collected from ten (10) hand-dug wells (W 1-W 10 c). Five (5) hand dug wells out of ten (10) were used as control. All samples were taken according to methods described by Federal Ministry of Water Resources (2004). Membrane filtration (MF) method was used to enumerate total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and Escherichia coli. Biological oxygen demand, dissolve oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, temperature and pH were also determined. Data were statistically analyzed for mean and standard deviation and the results showed that TC, FC and E. coli were influenced by distance and season of the year in all the wells. Their values decreased with increasing distance to pollution sources. Statistical analysis shows that significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed with changes in distance and seasons. The results of BOD, DO, COD, temperature and pH show that no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed at different distances and seasons of the year. The values of temperature, DO and pH were within the permissible limit. Presence of bacterial in all the wells was strongly influenced by proximity to the pollution sources. Based on the findings, the research recommends that standard treatment should be given to water from the wells before consumption. The result of this study will be of great importance to the general public, as well as the environmental and health planning unit of government.
Rapid population in developing nations has imposed stress on groundwater resources, thus the need to assess physicochemical and bacteriological impact of microbes on hand-dug wells along some major markets in Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria. Water samples from hand-dug wells were measured sequentially, and total dissolved solute (TDS), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, and temperature were measured in situ. Water samples were analyzed at a Microbiology Laboratory. Most probable techniques used for micro-organism analysis were in three stages: presumptive test used for confirmation of Escherichia coli, confirmed test for total viable bacteria count (TVBC), and complete test to reconfirm the presence of coliform. Presumptive test showed high rate of E. coli in most of the hand-dug wells with (37.5 %). Confirmed test revealed Staphylococcus aureus to be 25 %, followed by Proteus vulgaris (14.6 %), Bacillus species (12.5 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.3 %), and Klebsiella spp. (2.1 %) respectively. Total viable bacteria counts are 500 to 192,000. Physicochemical results (total dissolved solute (TDS), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, temperature) when compared with WHO (2006) and SON (2007) revealed all the parameters to be within the permissible limits except pH (5.8 to 9.56), and high values of the parameters were caused by organic matter. High E. coli in the study area revealed influence of human and animal fecal that could lead to urinary tract infection; Staphylococcus aureus that comes from sewage could lead to diarrhea, gastrointestinal disease, and multiplication in tissues. High value of pH and E. coli above the permissible limits showed contamination of hand-dug wells in the study area.
Advances in Microbiology
The Cuvelai Etosha Basin of Namibia is characterised by complex aquifer systems with multi-layered aquifers and various water qualities. Some parts of the basin have been covered with a pipeline system that supplies purified surface water from the Kunene River. Locations that lack a pipeline system utilise hand-dug wells as a source of drinking water. These wells draw water from shallow perched aquifers and are not protected from surface contamination nor is the water quality monitored. Sanitised water supply is relevant for the growth and development of societies and is a priority of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. A bacteriological water quality study aimed at investigating the presence and seasonal variation of; Citrobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, and Pseudomonas species was conducted on 44 hand-dug wells in the Ohangwena and Omusati regions of the Cuvelai Etosha Basin. Samples were collected from both the wet and dry seasons. Results disclosed the presence of Salmonella, Shigella, Citrobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, and Pseudomonas species. Chi-square confirmed a significant seasonal variation in Salmonella (P < 0.05) and Shigella (P < 0.05) species, and no significant seasonal variation in Citrobacter (P > 0.05), Escherichia (P > 0.05), Klebsiella (P > 0.05), Enterobacter (P > 0.05), Proteus (P > 0.05) and Pseudomonas (P > 0.05) species. Water from these hand-dug wells is not safe for drinking unless it is subjected to appropriate treatment. It is recommended that hand-dug wells should be properly constructed at safe distances from contaminating structures such as How to cite this paper: McBenedict, B.,