Comparative Efficacy of Urea and Slow-Release Non-Protein Nitrogen on Performance of Nili-Ravi Buffalo Calves (original) (raw)
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Effect of urea feeding on feed intake and performance of male buffalo calves
2008
Feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of male buffalo calves, fed different levels of urea, were investigated. Feeding trials were conducted using 54 male buffalo calves of the Nili-Ravi breed in three experiments. Seven experimental rations were prepared by adding fertilizer grade urea at the levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 percent, replacing undecorticated cottonseed cake and wheat bran on nitrogen equivalent basis. A ration without urea served as control. At the termination of the feeding trials, 3 calves from each group were slaughtered and carcass data were obtained. It was found that intake of dry matter decreased as the level of urea increased in the ration. The depression in dry matter intake was significant when the urea level exceeded 2.0 percent. Weight gains of calves were significantly higher on urea ration up to 1.0% as compared to control. Almost similar weight gains were observed up to 2.0 percent levels of urea. However b...
2014
Eighteen lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes of same lactation stage were divided into three groups with equal number of buffaloes in each group to study the effect o f different NPN sources on milk production and milk composition. Isonitrogenous feed was prepared for all the groups. Feed A was control; fe ed B was reformulated by addition of 1% urea, while Feed C was reformulated by addition of 1% Optigen. Among three treatment groups, highest milk production was observed in group C reformulated with addition of 1% Optigen, lowest milk production was with group A. However, there was non-significant difference (P ≥0.05) among all three treatment groups for milk production and milk composition. Difference in milk urea nitrogen level was non-significant (P≥0.05) among all treatment groups. There was slight increase in milk urea nitrogen level in group B while decrease in milk urea nitrogen was observ ed in group A and C, respectively. Blood urea nitrogen level showed non-significant differe...
Study on feeding effect of dietary protein sources of on blood or milk urea nitrogen in native cows
Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research, 2016
A feeding trial with 30 Pabna milking cows of 2 to 4 parities dividing equally into 5 groups was conducted to determine the effect of feeding protein from different sources on blood or milk urea nitrogen, and milk yield or protein content in native cows. Considering a group of cows fed a diet of rice straw and concentrate as the control (T 0), two out of the rests were fed either with urea-molasses straw (UMS) (T 1) or Matikalai (Vigna mungo) hay (T 2) as sources of basal roughage. The rest two groups of cows were fed the control diet replacing percent (%) of feed protein by the amount of urea and molasses fed to UMS group. The amount of urea and molasses was fed daily either in two meals (T 3) or fed to cows mixing with other concentrate feed (T 4). Feeding a basal diet of UMS, DS or leguminous hay did not affect milk protein (%) and daily milk production Feeding urea and molasses in meals or mix (T 3 and T 4) did not affect significantly (p>0.05) BSU and MUN contents. It indicates that feeding urea and molasses in two meals in a day either as a single mix of the two or as a mix of the two with concentrates significantly (p>0.05) reduced the concentration of BSU or MUN without having any change in milk protein (%) of the cows. Dry matter (DM) intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T 1 treatment group followed by T 4 , T 0 , T 3 and T 2 , respectively. Similarly, CP intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T 1 and T 2 treatment groups followed by T 3 and T 4 treatment groups. The values of CP intake were 490, 770, 760, 630 and 580 g/day for treatment groups T 0 , T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 , respectively. Feedings urea and molasses as meals (T 3) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the fat content in milk compared with other treatment groups. Similar to T 3 , UMS feeding also significantly (p<0.05) reduced fat content in milk compared to Matikalai hay and T 4 treatment groups. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content in morning milk was lower compared to evening milk. These data showed that feeding urea or protein of organic sources had effect on BSU and MUN contents in the morning milk but had no significant effect on evening milk. The lower BSU or MUN content in milk of the cows fed urea and molasses either in daily meals or as mix with concentrates may be due mainly to a lower CP intake compared to UMS and Matikalai. Therefore, it may be concluded that feeding urea or organic protein had no significant effect on milk protein percent.
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2010
To study the effect of feeding Slow Ammonia Release and Protected Protein supplement (SARPP) on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary levels of allantoins as well as on quantity and quality of milk, a feeding trial was conducted on 24 lactating buffaloes. Animals were divided into three similar groups, fed on standard basal ration. Animals in group-I were fed 1.0 kg untreated rapeseed meal containing 50 g untreated urea, animals in group II were fed 1.0 kg treated rapeseed meal containing 50 g untreated urea and animals in group III were fed 1.0 kg treated rapeseed meal containing 50 g treated urea (SARPP supplement), in place of one kg compound cattle feed. Levels of BUN and allantoins in urine were 10.33, 10.48 & 9.64 (P<0.05) mg/dl and 2.35, 3.03 & 5.23 (P<0.01) mmol/litre in groups I, II and III, respectively. Daily average milk yield was 6.46, 7.42 (P<0.05) and 7.70 (P<0.01) kg in groups I, II and III, respectively. Average fat and protein % were 6.64 & 3.41, 6.81 (P<0.05) & 3.53 and 6.95 (P<0.05) & 3.57 in groups I, II and III, respectively. On feeding SARPP supplement, crop residues and dietary proteins could be utilized in a more efficient manner in buffaloes.
Effect of Milk Urea Nitrogen of Dairy Cows in Relation to Breed
Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) of dairy cows was determined in relation to breed. A total of forty (40) Pabna and red Chittagong dairy cattle each of twenty (20) were selected to know the milk composition, nutritional status and milk urea nitrogen. Live weight of Pabna Cattle (187±14 kg) was higher than that of red Chit-tagong cattle (174±4 kg). In Pabna cattle milk yield (4.94 kg), minerals (0.15%) and lactose (5.38%) is more than red Chittagong cattle milk yield (3.62 kg), minerals (0.12%) and lactose (5.37%) but fat (5.04%), protein (3.7%) and solid not fat (SNF) content (9.92%) was more in red Chittagong cattle than Pabna cattle fat (4.03%), protein (3.64%) and SNF (9.87%). The metabolic energy 74.93 MJ/day, dry matter 9.47 kg, crude protein 0.84 kg , ash 1.24 kg, crude fiber 2.18 kg and true digestible nutrient 5.43 kg was required for Pabna cattle and in red Chittagong cattle metabolic energy 72.60 MJ/day, dry matter 9.14 kg, crude protein 0.660kg , ash 1.16 kg, crude fiber 1.93 kg and true digestible nutrient 5.19 kg was required. Milk urea ni-trogen (MUN) concentration was higher under in Pabna cattle (38.15 mg/dL) than red Chittagong cattle (RCC) (29.30 mg/dL). Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) differ Pabna cows and red Chittagong cows.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding lactating buffaloes on different dietary protein sources on amino acids profile of milk and milk urea nitrogen. Eight lactating Egyptian buffaloes in second lactation season weighed 730±32 kg in average were used after 8 weeks after calving, the animals arranged in three swing over design. Tested sources protein were Soybean Meal (SBM), Cotton Seed Meal (CSM) and Sunflower Meal (SFM). Rations differed in source of protein supplement: Ration one (R1) contained three meals, ration two (R2) contained soybean meal and cottonseed meal; ration three (R3) contained soybean meal and sunflower meal and ration four (R4) contained soybean meal alone. Result indicated that SBM had higher essential, non-essential amino acids values. Also, total Non-Essential Amino Acids (NEAA) were numerically higher for SBM (22.29) vs. CSM (20.46) and SFM (14.78). The ratio EAA/NEAA value in SFM (0.91) was higher than soybean meal (0.89) and cotton seed meal (0.81). Ration three had the highest in most of essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and total EAA (30.39). Total NEAA value was the highest in R3 (33.52) compared with other rations. Ration one recorded the highest values in most of essential, non-essential amino acids and total EAA and ratio of EAA/NEAA in milk compared with other experimental rations. Whereas, R4 had the lowest ratio of EAA/NEAA in milk. Milk urea nitrogen was significantly lower with R1 (11.67) compared with R4 which recorded highest value (12.97) followed by R2 (12.78) and R3 (11.90). It could be concluded that feeding lactating buffaloes on more than one source of protein in its rations had a positive effect on amino acids profile in milk and decrease milk urea nitrogen (MUN) level.
Monitoring of protein nutrition by milk urea nitrogen and milk protein in Anatolian buffaloes
Buffalo Bulletin, 2016
There is an increasing trend in milk urea concentration has been used as an indicator for monitoring protein nutrition in ruminants because of linear relationship between milk urea concentration and dietary crude protein level. Milk urea analysis is easy to monitor and can be performed on buffaloes and has some advantageous under field conditions for estimating protein nutrition status of buffaloes. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition status on milk urea concentration and milk protein content, and to monitor protein nutrition by determining milk urea nitrogen concentration and milk protein in Anatolian buffaloes. Ten lactating (in the 3rd lactation and 15±3 days in milk) Anatolian buffaloes having approximately accordant live body weights were used in this study. Milk samples were collected biweekly to determine the milk urea concentration and milk nutrients. Individual samples of each feedstuffs consumed by lactating buffaloes were collected...
Evaluation of urea molasses multi-nutrient blocks containing alternate feed resources in buffaloes
Buffalo Bulletin
The present study was undertaken to formulate and compare the nutritional worth of conventional urea molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) with UMMB containing waste bread (WB) and/or tomato pomace (TP) in buffaloes. Wheat fl our in the UMMB was replaced with WB and oiled mustard cake with TP. The in vitro digestibility of nutrients, release of ammonia and partitioning factor were statistically comparable. UMMB containing WBTP resulted in higher total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and availability of metabolizable energy (ME). 20 male Murrah buffaloes (442.1±6.3 kg BW) were randomly distributed into fi ve equal groups. The animals in control group were offered 2 kg conventional concentrate mixture supplemented with 5 kg green fodder and 9 kg wheat straw. Same feeding schedule was followed for animals in the experimental groups, except that in place of 2 kg conventional concentrate mixture, only 1 kg conventional concentrate mixture was offered with ad lib conventional UMMB or the one containing WB, TP or WBTP. The daily intake of block varied from 1.08 kg (conventional) to 1.84 kg (TP). The DM intake was comparable in all the groups. Supplementation of UMMBs in the diet of experimental animals improved (P<0.05) the digestibility of CP and TCA-N concentration in the rumen resulted in higher (P<0.05) N-retention as compared to control group. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher (P<0.05) in animals offered UMMBs as compared to animals in control group. The purine derivatives (PDs) excreted in the urine were comparable in all the groups. All the animals gained weight, but the differences were statistically non signifi cant. It was concluded that WB and TP could be incorporated into UMMBs without any adverse effect on palatability, nutrient utilization, rumen metabolites or health of buffaloes.
Journal of Science Foundation, 2013
Ten cows, each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × crossbred) origins differing in lactation yield were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using RBD to evaluate existing milk urea nitrogen (MUN) of cows considering regions and seasons. The live weight and BCS of cows under good feed base management condition was higher than of the poor feed base management condition. Feed intake of cows under good and feed base management condition was significantly (P<0.01) higher than of the intake of cows under poor feed base condition. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) of cows under good and poor feed base condition was 8.53 and 5.40 kg, respectively. Daily ME intake of cows under good and poor feed base management condition were 70.23 and 40.20 MJ, respectively. The requirements of ME (ARC, 1994) were 83.3 and 51.7 MJ, respectively. The intake of CP, RDP and UDP were 839.0, 488.5 and 350.9 g/d, respectively in good feed base and 386.0, 166.0 and 220.0 g/d, respectively in poor feed ba...
Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
Twenty male buffalo calves of 6-9 months of age (average body weight, 97 kg) were randomly allocated into two main groups of four (control) and sixteen (supplemented) calves. The supplemented group was further divided in to four equal sub-groups. with the two groups supplemented with a liquid preparation of urea-molasses, UML I, containing fish meal and UML2, containing formaldehyde treated deoiled mustard cake (FDMC) and the other two, with a semi-solid preparation, UMCI with FDMC and deoiled rice bran (DaRB) contributing similar level ofCP as in UML2 and UMC2 with double the level ofFDMC to that in UMCI. The control group was fed with DaRB along with ad libitum wheat straw at 40:60 ratios. The rest of the groups were fed on the above diet supplemented with 500 g (as fed basis) of urea-molasses preparations. The experimental feeding was carried out for 24 weeks including a metabolism trial towards the end of experimental feeding. Daily feed intake and fortnightly change in live weight were alsi recorded during the study. Catalytic supplementation of 500 g urea-molasses induced 8-25% higher voluntary feed intake of wheat straw. resulting in 15-25% higher DM and OM intake. The digestibility of DM, OM, total carbohydrate, NDF, ADF, hemiceIlulose aid ceIlulose in all the dietary groups were comparable. The CP digestibility of calves in supplemented groups were higher t><0.05)than the control group. The balance of nutrients, viz. N, Ca and P, was also higher in the supplemented groups. Significantly higher intake of digestible CP coupled with other digestible nutrients attributed to higher TDN (1.67-1.78 vs. 1.37 kg) and ME (5.94-6.31 vs. 4.87 Meal) intake in urea-molasses supplemented groups which resulted in higher live weight gain compared to that in control group (p<0.0I). Between the supplements, UML2 and UMC2 faired non-significantly,indicating formalin treated mustard cake as a suitable replacement to fishmeal in the supplement. The overall ranking based on intake and digestibility of nutriens, live weight gain, economic evaluation and input-output relationship revealed that the rations with UML2 and UMCI to be of greater value compared to other types. From the study it can be concluded that young ruminants can be reared successfully on a basal diet of deoiled rice bran and wheat straw supplemented with cheaper urea-molasses-mineral mix. (Asian-Aust.