Karstification in B4 unit northwest of Irbid and its role in enhancing the human impact on the local groundwater resources. University of Jordan, Amman-Jordan (original) (raw)
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Journal of Hydrology, 2007
Karst aquifers are the main groundwater resource in Lebanon as well as in most Mediterranean countries. Most of them are not exploited in a sustainable way, partly because their characteristics remain unknown. Karst aquifers are so complex that the assessment of their resource and their exploitable storage requires an analysis of their whole functioning, particularly by analysing the spring hydrograph. Among all various methods, the method proposed by Mangin aims to characterize at the same time the recharge conditions and the storage and recession of the saturated zone by analyzing the spring hydrograph. This method defines two parameters, the infiltration delay i, and the regulating power k which are the roots of a classification of karst systems. This classification makes the distinction between karst and porous aquifers considering the value of the regulating power. k is assumed to be lower than 0.5 in karst, and between 0.5 and 1 for all other aquifers, 1 being the upper limit. The study of karst aquifers in Lebanon shows values of k > 0.5, and even 1; former data from the literature show that other karst springs in Middle East have comparable characteristics. In fact, what is not considered by Mangin and others, k is equivalent to a mean residence time in years of water in the saturated zone. So long residence times are normally observed in poorly karstified aquifers, or containing abandoned, not functioning karstification. The geological framework in which the studied springs are located in fact shows that these aquifers have been subject to a long, complex evolution, as a consequence of the base level rising. This rising produced the flooding of the successive karst drainage network, which does not really function anymore and provides a large storage capacity to the aquifer. The very interesting properties of these aquifers make them prime targets for fulfilling the increasing needs of water. ª
Groundwater Vulnerability in Karst of Jahorina
Arhiv za tehničke nauke, 2017
Analysis has studied northern part of Jahorina, Ravna Mountain, whose karst plateau presents water aggregation surface for Paljanska Miljacka and Bistrica flows, which are used as water supply for Sarajevo and Pale. This paper presented hydrogeological and hydrological characteristics of the area and applied analyzes of other physical-geographic characteristics which are an essential indicator of the quality of groundwater. Applying various methods, we have obtained maps that shows different ways of groundwater pollution in karst. We analyzed spatial relationships and connections with individual socio-geographical components. Thought correlation methods we obtained results which provided conclusions for possible measures against pollution of groundwater in karst and karst in general.
The Investigation of the Dorfak Karstic Aquifer
Groundwater Hydrology [Working Title]
The karstic aquifers were the best source of potable water in the northeast of Rudbar, Iran. The present study was carried out to appraise the hydrogeological attributes of karst aquifer in this area. For this objective, saturation indices (SI values) are acquired through using the geochemical PHREEQC software for a number of chemical compounds existing in the karstic aquifer. Moreover, the sources of the ions and hydrogeochemical plots were obtained by using AqQA-RockWare software packages. The water type of all springs is the Ca-HCO 3 type which is determined by plotting of Piper diagram and Durov diagram for spring water samples, that is confirming the calcareous effects of the region on the quality of groundwater and representing a single source for the springs. The degree of Karstification of the recharge area of the karst aquifer was determined to be 5.5 from an analysis of the hydrograph Sefidab Spring. The microbial contamination can be observed in all samples due to the intense development of karst, lack of self-purification in the karst system, and lack of an adequate cover layer on carbonate formation.
Karst hydrogeology of Karmustadj salt diapir, southern Iran
Karmustadj salt diapir (KSD) is located in the arid region of southern Iran. The karstic features of the KSD including vertical shafts, sinkholes, caves and brine springs, were investigated in order to characterize groundwater flow system in the diapir. KSD drains by three perennial and several temporary brine springs saturated with respect to halite. Electrical conductivity and chemical composition of three perennial brine springs were measured in wet and dry hydrological seasons. KSD consists of two hydrogeological units of Plug and Glacier districts. A conduit karst flow system is characterized for the Plug district including point recharge through sinkholes and discharge as several temporary brine springs. For the Glacier district, a diffuse flow system is proposed. Rainfall recharged to Glacier district discharges mainly via three brine springs throughout the year. The higher elevation of the springs of the diapir indicates that the elevation of base level of karstification is higher than the surrounding area, i.e. subsurface discharge of brine to the adjacent aquifers is unlikely. In this condition, construction of evaporite basins is proposed to prohibit re-infiltration of the emerged brine of the diapir into the surrounding aquifers which would increase water quality of the aquifers.
Karstification in Al-Kura District, northwestern of Jordan, is distribution in the Tertiary rocks at chalky and marley-limestone unit and it forms a local shallow unconfined aquifer. This research is constructed to describe and study the hydrogeochemical of karst features and their effects on the hydrochemistry of the Al-Dhaher Cave. Studied samples were collected from the water of wells and springs in the study area. All types of water have a composition in milligram units for cations (Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >(Na + +K + )), and anions (HCO 3 ->Cl ->NO 3 ->SO 4 2-). Calcium and bicarbonate accounts approximately 80% of the total ions. The concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are strongly correlated with HCO 3 -. The rCa 2+ /rMg 2+ ratio for Al-Dhaher Spring is about 1.54, which suggests that water moves in chalky and marly limestone. Our data revealed that the main ions Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and HCO 3 have very strong correlation to spring discharge. The water is undersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite, and the correlation of SI c and SI d to discharge is very strong (r=0.97 and 0.96). Depending on comparing the coefficients variations, the type of Al-Dhaher Spring could be classified as conduit spring. The results of water analyses studies show that the aquifer system is prone to karstification and they show the impact of karstification on the chemical composition of spring waters.
Characterization and conceptualization of a relict Karst aquifer (Bilecik, Turkey)
Acta Carsologica, 2013
Na hidrogeološke lastnosti karbonatnih masivov vpliva več faktorjev, med njimi litostratigrafija, energijski gradienti, tekton ska aktivnost, tip erozijske baze, spreminjanje mor ske gladine in klimatske spremembe. Namen te raziskave je konceptuali zacija in karakterizacija zanimivega prime ra razkosanega relikt nega kraškega vodonosnika, znanega kot kraški sistem HarmanköyBeyyayla (HBKS) v Centralni Turčiji. Raziskovali smo značilnosti napajanja, pretakanja, skladiščenja in praznjenja vodonosnikov. V sistem Beyyayla in Döşkaya kar 85 % napajanja predstavlja alogeni dotok iz ponorov Beyyayla in Tozman 85 %. Ostali del je avtogeni di fuzni dotok z apnenčastega površja. Napajanje vodonosnika Nardin je pretežno avtogeno difuzno in v manjši meri avtoge no točkovno. V sistemu Beyyayla in Döşkaya se pretakanje vrši pretežno preko kraških kanalov, medtem ko je v vodonosniku Nardin pretakanje razpršeno. Celoten HBKS lahko razdelimo v tri vodozbirna območja Beyyayla, Döşkaya in Nardin, pri čemer imata Beyyayla in Döşkaya podobne hidrogeološke last nosti. Ključne besede: reliktni kras, konceptualni model, hidrokemi ja, analiza recesijske krivulje izvira, Turčija.
Research on the natural features of karst water, on the example of some water intakes
Applied Studies In Agribusiness And Commerce, 2013
The existence of safe and abundant raw water sources is a priceless treasure for any country. Water resources are of particular importance for Montenegro, especially for the development of tourism and agriculture which represent the backbone of its economic development. With respect to water potential, Montenegro is at the top of Europe. However, it is not a sufficient factor, but the very way it is used and protected, as well as the improvement of its valorization. Economic development which is not based on the conservation and good governance of natural resources may have negative consequences for the overall development. The aim of the paper is the study of natural properties of karst ground waters and their changes through interrelation of some ions, as indicators, on the example of five intakes in use. The paper presents the results of the research on the said waters and the values of indicators which point to their exceptional benefits for the water supply. However, the effect...