Reference Interval of Plasma Potassium: A Port Harcourt Based Study (original) (raw)
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A Study on Evaluation of Potassium Abnormalities in a Tertiary Care Hospital
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: To study the occurrence, causes, predisposing factors and management of potassium abnormalities in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Inour studywhich was for aduration of six months, we recorded patient demographics, electrolyte levels, complete blood picture, liver function tests, renal parameters, comorbid conditions,medication reconciliation and electro cardio gram (ECG) changes. The data was analyzed to find out the cause for potassium abnormality and was categorize based on their severity. Results:A total of 200 cases of potassium abnormalities was normalized during the study period. We observed158(80%)cases with hypokalemia, 37 (17%) cases with hyperkalemia and 5 (3%) caseswith subsequentPotassium abnormalities. We observed the majority of hypokalemiaarewith disease induced 87(55.06%) cases and 118 (74.0%)cases were with mild hypokalemia. Syruppotassium chloride was usedto normalize the serum potassium levels. Majority of the hyperkalemia cases were disease induced...
Differences in serum potassium concentrations in normal men in different geographic locations
Clinical chemistry, 1993
Hypokalemia has been associated with the taking of gossypol, a potential oral antifertility drug for men. Because the frequency of this response differed in different parts of the world, this study was done to learn if "normal" serum [K+] also differed. [K+] was measured by flame photometry in serum from apparently normal men from Austria (n = 30), China (53), Brazil (100), the Dominican Republic (38), and the US (103), and in plasma from Nigerian men (82). The mean (SD) for [K+] in Chinese men, 3.82 (0.27) mmol/L, was lower than that in Brazilians [4.06 (0.29) mmol/L], Austrians [4.14 (0.44) mmol/L], Dominicans [4.37 (0.33) mmol/L], or Americans [4.38 (0.37) mmol/L]. Apparently there are regional differences in average serum [K+], with men in China having lower serum [K+] than men elsewhere. This may predispose them to hypokalemia.
Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2015
The goal of this work was to determine if immediate versus postponed centrifugation of samples affects the levels of serum potassium. Twenty participants donated normal venous blood that was collected in four serum separator tubes per donor, each of which was analyzed at 0, 1, 2, or 4 hr on the Siemens Advia 1800 autoanalyzer. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for potassium levels ranged from 0% to 7.6% with a mean of 3 ± 2%. ANOVA testing of the means for all 20 samples showed a P-value of 0.72 (>0.05) indicating that there was no statistically significant difference between the means of the samples at the four time points. Sixteen samples were found to have CVs that were ≤5%. Two samples showed increases of potassium from the reference range to levels higher than the upper reference limit, one of which had a 4-hr value that was within the reference or normal range (3.5-5 mEq/l). Overall, most samples were found to have reproducible levels of serum potassium. Serum potassium level...
Serum potassium levels as an outcome determinant in acute medical admissions.
Clinical Medicine, 2015
The relationship between serum potassium levels and mortality in acute medical admissions is uncertain. In particular, the relevance of minor abnormalities in potassium level or variations within the normal range remains to be determined. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all emergency medical admissions to St James's Hospital (Dublin, Ireland) between 2002 and 2012. We used a stepwise logistic regression model to predict in-hospital mortality, adjusting risk estimates for major predictor variables. There were 67,585 admissions in 37,828 patients over 11 years. After removing long-stay patients, 60,864 admissions in 35,168 patients were included in the study. Hypokalaemia was present in 14.5% and hyperkalaemia in 4.9%. In-hospital mortality was 3.9, 5.0, and 18.1% in the normokalaemic, hypokalaemic and hyperkalaemic groups respectively. Hypokalaemic patients had a univariate odds ratio (OR) of 1.29 for in-hospital mortality (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.43; p<0.001). Hyperkalaemic patients had a univariate OR for in-hospital mortality of 5.2 (95% CI 4.7-5.7; p<0.001). The ORs for an in-hospital death for potassium between 4.3 and 4.7 mmol/l, and 4.7 and 5.2 mmol/l, were 1.73 (95% CI 1.51-1.99) and 2.97 (95% CI 2.53-3.50) respectively. Hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia are associated with increased mortality.
The effect of potassium supplementation in persons with a high-normal blood pressure
Annals of Epidemiology, 1995
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-conrrolled wial of oral potassium chloride supplementation (60 mmol/d) in 3.53 men and women with an initial average diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 mm Hg. In tk active (n = 178) compared to the placebo (n = 17.5) treatment group, tk urinary potassium level was significantly (p < 0.001) increased by an average of 44.0 and 42.3 mmo1/24 h following 3 and 6 months of therapy, respectively. Compared to placebo, active treatment was associated with a small (mean = 1.8 mm Hg) but significant (p = 0.04) reduction in diastolic blood pressure following 3 months of therapy. Following 6 months, however, this apparent treatment effect had virtually disappeared (mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure = 0.3 mm Hg). There was no significant effect of potassium supplementation on systolic blood pressure at eitkr follow-up visit. 7Iere was a significant, independent, dose-response relationship between change in both 24-hour urinary potassium excretion and urinary sodium+otassium ratio and tk corresponding change in diastolic blood pressure (-1.49 mm Hg for tk highest versus the lowest quartile of change in urinary potassium excretion). Ann Epidemiol 1995;5:85-95.
2015
The comparison between analytical techniques is often necessary in clinical chemistry, in particular, when a usual method is to be replaced by a new one. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the correlation between the potentiometric determination of potassium serum made on a multi-parameter automated analyzer and flame photometry considered as reference method. 50 serum samples were collected, identified and divided into two parts to be analyzed for potassium using the two methods: Indirect potentiometry using potassium ion selective electrode (ISE), performed on a DIRUI CS-1200 auto-chemistry analyzer and flame photometry performed on a JENWAY PFP7 flame photometer. Mean potassium values were found to be 3.92 mEq/L ; range 2.1-6.7 mEq/L with indirect ISE method and 4.21 mEq/L ; 2.35-7.79 mEq/L with flame photometry. A Passing-Bablok regression curve was plotted. The linear regression of matched pairs of values showed a very good correlation with R 2 = 0.912. Bias plots represent...
Correction and reporting of potassium results in haemolysed samples
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 2006
Background: Potassium is usually the most important analyte affected by in vitro haemolysis and the result obtained may falsely indicate or disguise a lifethreatening abnormality and so give rise to inappropriate treatment. The purpose of the study was to provide a solution to the problem of reporting potassium on haemolysed samples, taking into account both clinical needs and analytical concerns (inter-individual and inter-sample variability). Methods: Using a new procedure that mimics the collection process in an actual clinical setting, haemolysed samples were prepared from 41 volunteers with a range of inter-individual factors-haemoglobin 80-173 g/L, red blood cells 2.42-6.77 Â 10 12 /L, leucocytes 3.0-306 Â 10 9 /L and platelets 31-710 Â 10 9 /L-in order to develop a more accurate correction equation using a haemolytic index (HI) corresponding to g Hb/L in plasma. Results: The mean (range) potassium increase was 0.0036 mmol/L (0.0029-0.0053 mmol/L) per unit HI. The following equation was developed to estimate potassium increase per HI, in order to compensate approximately for potassium leakage in haemolysed samples: Corrected K þ ¼ Measured K þ À(HI Â 0.004). Conclusion: The balanced solution is this: instead of reporting the post-haemolysis corrected potassium result a qualitative comment is given, indicating the likely range of the potassium concentration. If the potassium result is in a critically low or high range, it is communicated promptly to the requesting clinician.
Serum potassium trajectory during AKI and mortality risk
2022
Background: Kidneys play a primary role in potassium homeostasis. The association between potassium (sK+) level and mortality or the need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) during acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been adequately explored. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, AKI patients admitted to the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled from August 2017 to June 2021 with AKI. We divided patients into 8 groups based on the serum potassium level trajectories up to ten days following hospitalization, (1) normokalemia (normoK), defined as sK+ values between 3.5 and 5.5 mEq/L; (2) corrected hyperkalemia (hyperK), sK+ > 5.5 mEq/L on hospital admission and decreased to normoK; (3) corrected hypokalemia (hypoK), sK+ < 3.5 mEq/L on hospital admission and increased to normoK; (4) fluctuating potassium, sK+ increased / decreased in and out of normoK parameters; (5) uncorrected hypoK, sK+ < 3.5 mEq/L; (6) normoK to hypoK, sK+ that were normal on hospital admission an...