Immune Modulation Capability of Exopolysaccharides Synthesised by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria (original) (raw)
Related papers
Anaerobe, 2014
The effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing bifidobacteria, and the EPS derived thereof, on the modulation of immune response was evaluated. Cells isolated from gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of naïve rats were used. The proliferation and cytokine production of these immune cells in the presence of the three isogenic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains (A1, A1dOx and A1dOxR), as well as their purified polymers, were in vitro analysed. The cytokine pattern produced by immune cells isolated from GALT showed that most levels remained stable in the presence of the three strains or their corresponding polymers. However, in PBMC the UV-inactivated bacteria induced higher levels of the ratios IFNg/IL-17, TNFa/IL-10 and TNFa/TGFb, and no variation in the ratio IFNg/IL-4. Thus, B. animalis subsp. lactis strains were able to activate blood monocytes as well as T lymphocytes towards a mild inflammatory Th1 response. Furthermore, only the EPS-A1dOxR was able to stimulate a response in a similar way than its EPS-producing bacterium. Our work supports the notion that some bifidobacterial EPS could play a role in mediating the dialog of these microorganisms with the immune system. In addition, this study emphasizes the effect that the origin of the immune cells has in results obtained; this could explain the great amount of contradiction found in literature about the immunomodulation capability of EPS from probiotic bacteria.
Central European Journal of Immunology, 2011
Lactobacilli, the most commonly used probiotics, show strain specific immunostimulatory effects. The strain specificity is related to the structure of cell-wall components such as lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), ligands for TLR2. In contrast, the role of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), the major components of lactobacilli biofilm, in the “cross-talk” between bacteria and the immune system is poorly documented. In this study, we have tested immunomodulating potential of lactobacilli derived EPSs, by their ability to modulate in vitro production of cytokines by murine peritoneal macrophages. We have examined EPSs of three lactobacilli strains (L. reuteri, L. johnsonii, L. animalis/murinus) isolated from colitic mice. The effect was compared with that of whole bacteria and LTA. All three nonviable Lactobacillus strains induced high amounts of cytokines with a strain specific profile. In contrast, the tested exopolysaccharides, exert low, albeit highly strain diversified stimulatory activities. T...
Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria in food and probiotic applications
Microbial Glycobiology, 2010
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacteria are widely used as starter cultures to make fermented food products due to their technological benefits. Moreover, LAB-EPSs and bifido-EPSs have been demonstrated to possess various physiological functions such as antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and immunological activities, among which the immunoregulatory activity has attracted a lot of scientific interests in recent years. Generally, these functions are closely related to the chemical compositions and configurations of EPSs. This review sheds light on structures and functions of LAB-EPSs and bifido-EPSs. Among them, in vitro and in vivo models used to evaluate the immune effects of EPSs are summarized in detail, with particular emphasis on the structure-immunity relationship of EPSs. Furthermore, the applications of EPSs in the food industry, especially the different roles EPSs played in the yogurt texture, are discussed carefully in this review. Finally, some strategies of EPSs production are also proposed to provide some information about the enhancement of EPSs yield.
An overview of the functionality of exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria
International Dairy Journal, 2002
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) play an important role in the dairy industry because of their contribution to the consistency and rheology of fermented milk products. The EPS polymers can be considered as natural biothickeners because they are produced in situ by the LAB-starters that have General Recognised As Safe status (GRAS). The physico-chemical properties of EPSs determine their viscosifying efficiency. Hence, the knowledge of the structure-function relationship of these biopolymers is crucial in order to choose or design polymers for a specific technological application. In addition, health benefits have been attributed to some of these EPSs, particularly antitumor and immunomodulating activities. Also a prebiotic role has been suggested. However, almost all studies were performed in vitro and scarce information is available concerning in vivo experiments with oral administration. This overview focuses on the recent information about the functional properties of lactic acid bacterial EPSs, including both technological and health-promoting aspects. r
BioMed Research International, 2014
Fermented dairy products are the usual carriers for the delivery of probiotics to humans, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus being the most frequently used bacteria. In this work, the strains Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis IPLA R1 and Bifidobacterium longum IPLA E44 were tested for their capability to modulate immune response and the insulin-dependent glucose homeostasis using male Wistar rats fed with a standard diet. Three intervention groups were fed daily for 24 days with 10% skimmed milk, or with 10 9 cfu of the corresponding strain suspended in the same vehicle. A significant increase of the suppressor-regulatory TGF-cytokine occurred with both strains in comparison with a control (no intervention) group of rats; the highest levels were reached in rats fed IPLA R1. This strain presented an immune protective profile, as it was able to reduce the production of the proinflammatory IL-6. Moreover, phosphorylated Akt kinase decreased in gastroctemius muscle of rats fed the strain IPLA R1, without affecting the glucose, insulin, and HOMA index in blood, or levels of Glut-4 located in the membrane of muscle and adipose tissue cells. Therefore, the strain B. animalis subsp. lactis IPLA R1 is a probiotic candidate to be tested in mild grade inflammation animal models.
Le Lait, 2001
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus rhamnosus RW-9595M have been prepared from bacterial cultures, isolated, concentrated, fractionated and tested in vitro for their possible modulating properties on mouse splenocytes from the C57Bl/6 and BALB/c strains, on the murine RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cell line and on human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) from a total of 14 healthy donors. A first step of EPS fractionation was attempted, using membranes with different molecular weight cut-off. Fractions were as follows: F1: >1000 kg . mol -1 ; F2: 1000-100 kg . mol -1 ; F3: 100-10 kg . mol -1 ; F4: <10 kg . mol -1 . Total EPS, as well as F1, appeared slightly mitogenic in both mouse splenocytes and human PBMC in 2-3 d cultures, and F3 also exhibited such a property on human PBMC. Unfractionated concentrated ("total") EPS, as well as F1, elicited TNF, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 both in the mouse and human cells, in 6 h and 24 h cultures, with important variability depending on the cell source. In 24 h cultures, total EPS or F1 elicited bio-active IFN-γ in both C57Bl/6 and BALB/c splenocytes, and this IFN-γ secretion was sustained until at least 3 d of culture. In human PBMC, no IFN-γ production was observed despite high IL-12p40 secretion. These results suggest the possibility of enhancing the immune system through EPS from lactic acid bacteria, in individuals responsive to such a stimulus. Lait 81 (2001) 683-697 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2001
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) activity test of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as immunomodulatory
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
Penelitian ini menguji aktivitas imunomodulator Eksopolisakarida (EPS) dari bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan mengkarakterisasi gugus fungsinya. Strain BAL yang digunakan yaitu Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophilus. EPS diekstraksi dari kedua kultur BAL tersebut. Analisis spektrum FT-IR EPS dari kedua strain BAL menunjukkan puncak serapan senyawa karbohidrat. Uji aktivitas imunomodulator dari EPS secara in vivo dihitung berdasarkan aktivitas dan kapasitas fagositosis sel makrofag cairan peritonium mencit. EPS diberikan secara oral pada mencit dengan konsentrasi 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 300 μg/ml selama 14 hari dan tikus diinfeksi dengan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa EPS berasal dari kedua strain BAL dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan kapasitas fagositosis sel makrofag cairan peritonium mencit. EPS dari kultur L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus pada konsentrasi 300 μg/ml menunjukkan aktifitas fagositosis sel makrofag dan EPS dari kultur S. thermophilus konsentrasi 300 μg/ml menunjukkan kapasitas fagositosis tertinggi. Kesimpulan uji potensi EPS sebagai imunomodulator berasal dari kultur L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus menunjukkan bahwa EPS dari kedua strain tersebut mampu meningkatkan aktifitas dan fagositas sel makrofag peritonium mencit.
Exopolysaccharide and lactic acid bacteria: Perception, functionality and prospects
Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2015
Lactic acid bacteria exhibit the most effective potential to divert significant amount of fermentable sugars towards the biosynthesis of functional exopolysaccharide. Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria are receiving a renewed interest due to the claims of human health benefits. This review provides an update on multiple uses and production of exopolysaccharides with major emphasis on their chemical properties, characterization, and some other molecular strategies adopted for their genetics and biological tailoring to better understand the process of exopolysaccharide production along with their antiviral efficacy with multiple modes of action. Additionally, microbiological, biochemical, nutritional and biotechnological aspects of exopolysaccharide production have also been discussed. Moreover, appro-priate suggestions have been made on lactic acid bacteria improvements, leading to enhanced production with advanced modification and production process that may contribute to ...