Quantitative analysis of food fatty acids by capillary gas chromatography (original) (raw)
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The use of SP2340 glass capillary columns for the estimation of thetrans fatty acid content of foods
Lipids, 1981
Glass capillary gas chromatography (GCGC) on 100m and 60-m SP2340 columns was used for quantitation of the trans unsaturated fatty acids in shortenings and fast foods. The separation of the cis and trans octadecenoates on GCGC was evaluated by preparatory argentation thin layer chromatography. In addition, the trans content of shortening samples obtained by GCGC was compared to trans content determined by infrared analysis.
Fatty acid analysis on short glass capillary columns
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1980
Analyses of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were compared on loo-, lo-, and 2-m glass capillary columns coated with SP2340. The accuracy and precision for the analysis of FAME standards were comparable for all three columns. When actual food samples were chromatographed, the 100-m column gave superior resolution of the many positional and geometric isomers in hydrogenated vegetable oils and ruminant animal fats; however, analysis times were 90-135 min/sample. The 10-m column was adequate for quantitation of major fatty acids, but some minor acids were not detected. Analysis time ranged from 5 to 30 min depending on the sample and the chromatographic conditions. Low resolution made the 2-m column undesirable, even though the major fatty acids could be separated in less than 3.5 min. Quantitative data from the analysis of peanut oil, rapeseed oil, shortening, cod liver oil, pork, beef, and beef liver samples on 100-and 10-m columns are compared, and the characteristics of the three columns are discussed.
Gas chromatographic determination of fatty acid compositions
Journal of Chemical Education, 1985
A quick and successful procedure is presented for the separation of polar lipids, monoacylglycerols (MAGs), diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols (TAGs) and for fatty acid determination in the above-mentioned lipid fractions by gas chromatographic analysis, which was acceptable for physiological and nutrition studies. In the analysis of edible oils and biological tissue samples, lipid classes were separated and purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using an aminopropylsilica column. Fatty acids in the sn-2 position in edible oil TAGs were determined after previous 1,3-specific lipase hydrolysis and separation of 2-MAGs by SPE using an aminopropylsilica column. A preliminary study of the solid-phase extraction separation of lipid classes with stock standard solutions using styrene-divinylbenzene-methacrylate copolymer (Nexus), octadecylsilica (C ) and aminopropylsilica (NH ) was carried out and it was shown that NH was the best sorbent 18 2 2 for the above-mentioned purpose.
Journal of The American Oil Chemists Society, 2006
The AOCS Official Method Ce 1h-05 was recently approved at the 96th AOCS Annual Meeting (2005) by the Uniform Methods Committee as the official method for determining cis and trans FA in vegetable or non-ruminant fats and oils. A series of experiments was undertaken using a margarine (hydrogenated soybean oil) sample containing approximately 34% total trans FA (28% 18∶1 trans, 6% 18∶2 trans, and 0.2% 18∶3 trans), a low-trans oil (ca. 7% total trans FA), and a proposed system suitability mixture (12∶0, 9c−18∶1, 11c−18;1, 9c,12c,15c−18∶3, 11c−20∶1, and 21∶0) in an effort to evaluate and optimize the separation on the 100-m SP-2560 and CP-Sil 88 flexible fused-silica capillary GC columns recommended for the analysis. Different carrier gases and flow rates were used during the evaluation, which eventually lead to the final conditions to be used for AOCS Official Method Ce 1h-05.
Effect of column and software on gas chromatographic determination of fatty acids
Journal of Chromatography B, 2002
Four capillary columns (A: CP-WAX 52 CB 25 m30.25 mm; B: CP WAX 52 CB 30 m30.25 mm; C: CP-WAX 58 CB 25 m30.25 mm, Chrompack; D: OMEGAWAXE 320 30 m30.32 mm, Supelco) and two integration software (Mosaic ® v.5.10, Chrompack and CSW v.1.7, Data Apex ) were compared for analysis of fatty acids. Column A was mounted stepwise in two different instruments. Fatty acids of blood plasma phosphatidylcholine and standard mixture of saturated fatty acids were analysed as methyl esters under identical chromatographic conditions. Both integrating software did not differ significantly in most results; differences were observed only for minor components: 16:1n9 (0.1060.020 vs. 0.1760.005 M%, P,0.0001, column A1; 0.0960.011 vs. 0.1660.007 M%, P,0.0001, column A2; 0.0960.010 vs. 0.1760.003 M%, P,0.0001, column C; 0.0960.008 vs. 0.1960.003 M%, P,0.0001, column D), 20:0 (0.1060.001 vs. 0.0660.005 M%, P,0.05, column C) and 20:2n6 (0.4360.030 vs. 0.9160.016 M%, P,0.0001, column A2). Increased values for 16:1n9 and 20:2n6 integrated by MOSAIC are caused by cointegration of two poorly resolved peaks: fatty acid and impurity from sample matrix. Lower values for 20:0 are caused by incomplete integration of minor peak. Differences between columns were observed mostly for minor fatty acids. The results indicate that CSW is more suitable software for integration of complicated chromatograms. Linear calibration dependences measured with standard mixture of saturated fatty acids (carbon number 10-24) were observed in wide range of concentrations (three orders). Slope close to unity and minimal value of intercept confirmed theoretical relations when analyses are run under optimal conditions. Use of one column is advisable in small intervention or experimental metabolic studies. (M. Vecka). splitless injection technique and flame ionisation 1570-0232 / 02 / $ -see front matter
Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 2009
To support labeling, claims, and authenticity of food products, industry needs reliable methods for the analysis of fatty acids, including Trans fatty acids (TFA). In finished products, precise quantification of TFA can be problematic due to the occurrence of various positional and geometrical isomers originating from different sources, such as animal fats or processed vegetable oils and fats. The risk of underestimating TFA amounts is particularly high when inappropriate GC conditions are used. Complex sample preparation procedures involving purification of TFA isomers by silver ion chromatography have been well-documented and used for research purposes. However, in the food industry, time and cost constraints do not permit multiple analytical steps; therefore, streamlined methods are necessary. Direct methods include preparation of fatty acid methyl esters directly from food samples without prior extraction. The appropriate resolution is obtained using high-resolution GC with a hi...
Food Analytical Methods, 2013
A technique of analysis is described using a silver ion-loaded HPLC (Ag + /HPLC) column, gradient elution, and a laser light scattering detector followed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) for the determination of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition of rapeseed oil, the respective hydrogenated fat, some dietary fats, and human milk fat. With the use of Ag + /HPLC, FAMEs were separated into the following classes: saturated, trans-monounsaturated, cis-monounsaturated, trans-trans-di-unsaturated, trans-cisdi-unsaturated, cis-cis-di-unsaturated, and higher unsaturated FAMEs. Within each class, partial separation of positional isomers was also possible. Fractions of the eluate containing trans and cis C18:1 were separately collected and re-analyzed by GC in order to quantitate the positional isomers eight trans and nine cis in rapeseed oil and in human milk fat. The profiles of eight trans positional isomers in human milk fat and in hydrogenated rapeseed oil were alike but entirely different from that of six C18:1 trans isomers in bovine milk fat. Out of nine C18:1 cis isomers found in hydrogenated fat, only C18:1-9c and C18:1-11c were found in both human and bovine milk fat which may indicate some discrimination which occurs for certain isomers in fatty acid metabolism.
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2020
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20 Years of Fatty Acid Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis
Molecules, 2014
A review taking into account the literature reports covering 20 years of fatty acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis is presented. This paper describes the evolution of fatty acid analysis using different CE modes such as capillary zone electrophoresis, non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography employing different detection systems, such as ultraviolet-visible, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity, laser-induced fluorescence and mass spectrometry. In summary, the present review signals that CE seems to be an interesting analytical separation technique that is very useful for screening analysis or quantification of the usual fatty acids present in different matrices, offering short analysis times and a simple sample preparation step as inherent advantages in comparison with the classical methodology, making it a separation technique that is very attractive for quality control in industry and government agencies.