Direction-of-arrival statistics of urban propagation channel at 1.9 GHz based on measurement and ray tracing (original) (raw)

An Analysis of a Stochastic Urban Propagation Model Using Ray Tracing Generated Results

MILCOM 2007 - IEEE Military Communications Conference, 2007

A stochastic urban electromagnetic propagation model for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths was critically examined by comparing model behavior to ray tracing simulations in four city environments. We focus on the quality of model/data fit and the ability to a priori set model parameters based on city geometry and building materials. The stochastic model was found to fit simulated data well in typical cities. However, relating model parameters to city geometry metrics met with limited success. This is most likely due to the difficulty in characterizing city geometry, and the underlying physics of the model. The complex process of electromagnetic propagation is modeled as a simple one-dimensional random work, leading to diffusion-like behavior. The model does possess utility in its ability to provide easily computed estimates of urban propagation path losses and is an improvement over other empirical models.

A Statistical Model for Urban Radio Propagation

A statistical model, based on extensive experimental data, statistical model behind. Then, a modified Poisson process was was established to characterize the urban radio propagation medium in presented to model the path arrival time since the simple various urban environments. Describing the medium by a linear filter, the peaks of the multipath response were analyzed statistically concem-Poisson model in [ 5 ] failed to fit some experimental data. ing the distribution of the path the path time. The Though the Simflar models appear in [l 1 -I1 3i , there statistical properties of these quantities depend on the modulation to be no previous work on the statistical model of the Path delay time. The resulting model can be used for simulation,experi-arrival time except [ 51 .

Radio propagation measurements and prediction using three-dimensional ray tracing in urban environments at 908 MHz and 1.9 GHz

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 1999

There is an explosive growth in the market of wireless communications services in urban areas. New regulatory environments as well as competition in the communications industry require that these systems be deployed quickly and at low cost. Computer-based radio propagation prediction tools are strong candidates for this goal. In this paper, we introduce an outdoor radio propagation prediction tool using a ray tracing technique in two dimensions (2-D) and three dimensions (3-D). We have compared the predicted and measured results in various propagation environments. Comparisons indicate that 2-D is adequate for a low transmitter while 3-D is recommended for a high transmitter whose height is comparable with or higher than surrounding buildings. In most locations, the computer tool predicts the correct propagation loss with a mean error of less than 7 dB and a standard deviation of less than 8 dB. He is now in the Special Study Division at AT&T Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ. His research interests cover the characterization and modeling of communication channels, communication system performance analysis, propagation modeling of radio waves in buildings and urban environments, wireless communication system design including cellular, PCS, wireless LAN systems, RF communication through power lines, and electromagnetic theory.

Signal Distribution in the Angle-of-Arrival and Delay Domains and Doppler Spread for Various Outdoor Communication Links

2002

A unified three-dimension probabilistic model is presented to describe multipath phenomena in various built-up areas with randomly distributed buildings placed on rough terrain. Using a combination of the statistical description of the built-up terrain and the 3D deterministic approach based on Kirchhoff approximation, the effects of scattering and diffraction phenomena on signal power spatial and temporal distribution are examined. The joint information regarding angle-of-arrival, delay and Doppler spread is obtained through study of the main propagation mechanisms in urban wireless communication channels. Comparison with other models and with measurements carried out in different urban environments is presented. It is shown that in dense urban areas the distribution of the obstructions surrounding the base station and the moving vehicle, as well as the elevations of both antennas contribute to the signal power profiles in the space, time and frequency domains.

A theoretical model of UHF propagation in urban environments

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2000

Urban communications systems in the UHF band, such as cellular mobile radio, depend on propagation between an elevated antenna and antennas located at street level. While extensive measurements of path loss have been reported, no theoretical model has been developed that explains the effect of buildings on the propagation. The development of such a model is given in which the rows or blocks of buildings are viewed as diffracting cylinders lying on the earth. Representing the buildings as absorbing screens, the propagation process reduces to multiple forward diffraction past a series of screens. Numerical computation of the diffraction effect yields a power law dependence for the field that is within the measured range. Accounting for diffraction down to street level from the rooftops gives an overall path loss whose absolute value is in good agreement with average measured path loss.

Analysis of Multipath Propagation in Urban Environment Through Multidimensional Measurements and Advanced Ray Tracing Simulation

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2000

A multidimensional analysis of multipath propagation in urban micro-and macro-cellular environment has been carried out. Multidimensional measurement data, including path-loss, delay spread and direction-of-arrival are compared with simulations performed with a 3D ray tracing model which takes diffuse scattering into account. The results are analyzed highlighting the dominant propagation mechanisms in the different cases and model performance/shortcomings. In particular, the results show that diffuse scattering plays a key role in urban propagation, with an impact on both narrowband and wideband parameters in most cases. Also, the accuracy and the characteristics of environment representation can have a significant impact on prediction even in simple topologies.

Statistical characterization of urban spatial radio channels

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2002

We present a statistical analysis of wideband three-dimensional channel measurements at base station locations in an urban environment. Plots of the received energy over azimuth, elevation, and delay planes suggest that the incident waves group to clusters in most measured transmitter positions. A super-resolution algorithm (Unitary ESPRIT) allows to resolve individual multipath components in such clusters and hence enables a detailed statistical analysis of the propagation properties. The origins of clusters-sometimes even individual multipath components-such as street apertures, large buildings, roof edges, or building corners can be localized on the city map. Street guided propagation dominates most of the scenarios (78%-97% of the total received power), while quasi-line-of-sight over-the-rooftop components are weak (3%-13% of the total received power). For this measurement campaign, in 90% of the cases, 75% of the total received power is concentrated in the two strongest clusters, but only 55% in the strongest one. Our analysis yields an exponential decay of power with 8.9 dB/ s, and a standard deviation of the log-normally distributed deviations from the exponential of 9.0 dB. The power of cross-polarized components is 8 dB below copolarized ones on average (vertical transmission).

Urban propagation measurements and statistical path loss model at 3.5 GHz

2005

This paper presents the results of a significant number of propagation measurements performed at 3.5 GHz in urban environments. Furthermore, the data collected is used to derive a statistical path loss model over the range 100 m to 2 km. This work offers valuable propagation measurements in a frequency range that is globally being allocated for broadband wireless systems.

Experimental validation of the CORNER urban propagation model based on signal power measurements in a vehicular environment

CORNER is an urban propagation model which simulates the presence of buildings in city scenarios and models radio propagation as a series of reflections and diffractions around buildings. CORNER was validated in the original publication with a series of packet-delivery-ratio measurements. However, the accuracy of these measurements is limited by interference from nearby networks. This paper independently evaluates the CORNER model using signal strength measurements across three separate sites in Sydney and Wollongong. The measurements are analysed and compared with the predicted analytical estimates. The fading model is also analysed with direct measurements. A new CORNER link classification algorithm is also proposed in this paper.

Propagation Measurements and Estimation of Channel Propagation Models in Urban Environment

KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, 2017

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