Aspergillus flavus growth response to cinnamon extract and sodium benzoate mixtures (original) (raw)
Related papers
2021
The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of aqueous and ethanol cinnamon extract on some growth criteria of the opportunistic mold Aspergillus fumigatus I 2. Ethanol extract or hot water extract of cinnamon were prepared and mixed with Aspergillus fumigatus I 2 spore suspension and calculations were performed for count and percentage of the germinated spores. Various concentrations of ethanol cinnamon extract were performed to test their effect on fungal linear growth on Czapek Dox's agar medium and dry weight, protein and polysaccharide content in Czapek Dox's liquid medium. The results showed that Cinnamon ethanol extract was effective as it completely inhibited the germination of spores for 48 hours while the aqueous one has a fungistatic effect which reduced with an increase in the incubation period. There was significant effect of cinnamon ethanol extracts (different concentration) on both A. fumigatus I 2 linear growth and dry weight that reduced, notably when concentration increases. The presence of the cinnamon extract in A. fumigatus I 2 growth medium is found to decrease the mycelium polysaccharide and protein contents. GC-Mass spectrometry also showed the presence of cinnamaldehyde in the cinnamon ethanol and aqueous extracts alongside benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, and volatile oil. The test revealed an increasing concentration of the active ingredients with the ethanol extract highlighting its substantial antifungal activities.
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015
Antifungal effect of individual thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia L.) essential oils (EOs) and mixture of thereof on Aspergillus flavus spores was investigated. In order to optimize the process variables (time of action, concentration of individual or mixture EOs and their mass ratio) for the antifungal effect of EO mixture, two models were developed: the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) combined with genetic algorithm (GA). In RSM model, three factors were involved in Box-Behnken design that was applied for the experiment. Based on the mean relative percent deviation (MRPD), both models provided a good quality prediction for the antifungal effect in terms of all three process variables. RSM and ANN-GA techniques predicted the 0.5% as an optimum percentage concentration of EO mixture in EOs mass ratio T. vulgaris:C. cassia 1:1, ensuring the highest antifungal effect of 95.8% and 96.4% after 65 min. Both models were found useful for the optimization of the antifungal effect in vitro. ANN-GA was found more accurate in comparison to RSM due to its lower value of MRPD. Therefore, ANN-GA can be generally used for optimization and prediction of antimicrobial effects of EOs and their mixtures.
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2005
The combined effects of water activity ([a w ] 0.99 or 0.95), pH (4.5 or 3.5) and antimicrobial agent (potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium bisulfite, carvacrol, citral, eugenol, thymol, or vanillin) concentration (0, 100, 200 up to 1800 ppm) on the growth of Aspergillus flavus were evaluated in potato dextrose agar (PDA).
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2018
Among the fungi that cause damage and/or are spread by seeds, Aspergillus sp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum stand out, which have a worldwide distribution and a wide range of hosts. A viable and safer option than chemicals would be to use natural compounds for plant disease management. The objective of this study was to evaluate cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oils in the in vitro control of fungi Aspergilus sp. and S. sclerotiorum. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x4 + 2 factorial scheme [essential oils x concentrations + (fungicide + standard control)]. Cinnamon and citronella essential oils were used in doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mL L-1 (+Tween 80 to 1%) and the Captana (480 g L-1) and thiophanatemethyl + chlorothalonil (200.0 g kg-1 + 500.0 g kg-1) fungicides, at doses of 3 g L-1 and 2 g L-1 , for the fungi Aspergilus sp. and S. sclerotiorum, respectively. The products were diluted in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium in Petri dishes, and mycelium discs with 5 mm diameter were placed and incubated in a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) incubator at 25 ± 1°C and photoperiod of 12 h. There was significant interaction between treatments. The dose of 1.6 mL L-1 of both oils showed greater inhibition of the mycelial growth of fungi Aspergilus sp. and S. sclerotiorum, and the greater inhibition of sporulation of the fungus Aspergilus sp. It is concluded that cinnamon and citronella essential oils control the fungi Aspergilus sp. and S. sclerotiorum.
2020
The current study carried out to isolate and identify fungal species producing mycotoxins from dried figs and the possibility of reducing their presence in fruits and reducing their toxic effects using Cinnamon extract. The isolation results showed contamination of local and imported dried figs with stored fungi, especially A. niger and A. flavus. It was found that the frequency of appearance rate of A. niger on the local (Iraqi) and imported (Iranian, Syrian, Turkish) dried figs was 60.72.72.16.66 and 75%, while the appearance of occurrences rate was 100, 100, 20 and 60%, respectively. The results of chemical analysis of TLC showed that 19 out of the 26 tested isolates of A. niger were produced Ochratoxin A with a production rate of 73.07%. The results also showed that different concentrations of Cinnamon extract had high efficacy in inhibition of A. niger where the inhibition of fungal growth was increased with increasing Cinnamon extract concentration, with the highest inhibition...
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON THE GROWTH OF Aspergillus flavus
2007
The effects of 16 essential oils from aromatic plants were tested for their inhibitory effect on Aspergillus flavus IMI 242684 on PDA. The results showed that the essential oil of white wood (Melaleuca cajeputi) gave the highest inhibition followed by the essential oils of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and lavender (Lavandula officinalis), respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of these three essential oils at different concentrations were examined. It was found that the essential oil of white wood at 1.5625% (v/v) and of cinnamon and lavender at 50% (v/v) were the optimum concentrations for fungal growth inhibition. The essential oil of white wood at 25% (v/v) completely inhibited the growth of A. flavus IMI 242684 on PDA for 28 days.
In Vivo Study on the Hindrance Activity of Cinnamon Extract Against Aspergillus niger in Mice
Aim: The antimycotic effect and immune stimulating capacity of natural extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum plant was evaluated against Aspergillus niger strain. Methods and results: the herbal extract was prepared from cinnamon park to be examined against Aspergillus niger (ATCC16404)species fungal cell suspension. Mice were injected with both fungal cell suspensions and Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract in a certain regime. Histopathological examination was applied on lung, liver and brain tissues extracted from the experimental animals and histopathological findings revealed the strong fungicidal effect of the herbal extract in the mice's tissues. Phagocytic activity, interleukins 2 & 6 (IL 2& IL6) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) were measured in mice's blood samples as immunity stimulating efficacy parameters and also results revealed the potent immune stimulating efficacy of the extract and its safetyin vivo. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract has a strong fungicidal activity against A. niger(ATCC16404)in addition to potent immune stimulating action confirmed experimentally. Results are supporting the efficacy of C. zeylanicum extract as prophylactic agent as well as fungicide. Significance and impact of the study: our study spotted a light on the advantages of the examined herbal extract as antimycotic substance, the promising results revealed encourages the use of C. zeylanicum extract as pharmaceutical preparation for treating and prevention of mycosis in immunocompromised patients instead of using some chemical antimycotic preparations available for commercial use to avoid the disadvantages of these chemically prepared medications.
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2021
Aspergillus flavus is a frequent contaminant of maize grain. We isolated this fungus, determined the colony morphology and species (by internal transcribed spacer sequencing) and measured the aflatoxin content. The selected A. flavus fungi were placed into two groups, toxigenic and atoxigenic; both appeared similar morphologically, except that the atoxigenic group lacked sclerotia. An essential oil fumigation test with clove and cinnamon oils as antifungal products was performed on fungal conidial discs and fungal colonies in Petri plates. Cinnamon oil at 2.5 to 5.0 μL/plate markedly inhibited the mycelial growth from conidial discs of both strains, whereas clove oil showed less activity. The oils had different effects on fungal mycelia. The higher clove fumigation doses of 10.0 to 20.0 μL/plate controlled fungal growth, while cinnamon oil caused less inhibition. Compared with atoxigenic groups, toxigenic A. flavus responded stably. Within abnormal A. flavus hyphae, the essential oi...
Food Control, 2013
Cinnamon essential oil has been used for centuries to protect food from microbiological infection, and in the last ten years cinnamon essential oil is also incorporated into food packaging materials as antimicrobial agent. However, very little is known about the real effect that it has on the microorganism cells. This study combines analytical and microbiological tools to elucidate cell damage produced on Aspergillus flavus. First, antifungal activity of cinnamon essential oil was evaluated at 10 3 ,10 4 , 10 5 and 10 6 CFU/ mL. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined by macrodilution in direct contact with the mold. A strong activity was obtained, with a MIC of 0.05e0.1 mg/mL, and a MFC of 0.05e0.2 mg/mL, both ranges depending on the initial fungal suspensions.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
Introduction: Mycotoxin producing fungi are major contributors to food contamination and many epidemics in humans and animals. The adverse effects of the use of chemical preservatives have led to a special focus on the use of natural compounds, especially plant derivatives. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal properties of herbal essential oils of Cinnamon, Clove, Thymes, and Zataria multiflora, Cumin, and Caraway on the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus. Materials and Methods: Briefly, the presence of mycotoxin producing gene was investigated using PCR. Furthermore, production of mycotoxin in a medium with high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (FLD) was evaluated. Ingredients of essential oils were determined using GC/MS. The amount of antifungal activity of essential oils was assessed by disc diffusion and well diffusion method. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by macrodilution method. Results: G...