Increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in patients with metabolic syndrome (original) (raw)
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Scientific Reports, 2017
Among the risk factors associated to metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension shows the highest prevalence in Italy. We investigated the relationship between the newly identified serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) fractions, b-s-m-f-GGT, and risk factors associated to MetS in hypertensive patients. A total of ninety-five consecutive hypertensive patients were enrolled. GGT fractions were analysed by gel-filtration chromatography, and hepatic steatosis was evaluated by ultrasound. MetS was diagnosed in 36% of patients. Considering the whole group, band f-GGT showed the highest positive correlation with BMI, glucose, triglycerides and insulin, and the highest negative correlation with HDL cholesterol. While both serum triglycerides and insulin were independently associated with b-GGT levels, only triglycerides were independently associated with f-GGT. The values of b-GGT activity increased with steatosis grade (g0 = 1.19; g2 = 3.29; ratio g2/g0 = 2.75, p < 0.0001 linear trend). Patients with MetS showed higher levels of b-GGT, m-GGT and f-GGT [median (25 th-75 th) U/L
International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR], 2020
Introduction: Recently Liver enzymes have gained popularity among researchers regarding their potential role in the field of diagnosis of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Studies done in past have documented the presence of GGT in atheromatous plaques of established cases of coronary artery diseases. Also GGT levels are put to assess the prognosis of patients suffering from cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction, stroke, etc. Scientific community lacks sufficient data on levels of GGT at the stage of primordial and primary prevention. The study was conducted with an aim to establish an association between GGT levels and metabolic syndrome in subjects having normal liver function. Also, the study has evaluated the role of GGT as a diagnostic biomarker of metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: In the present study, 120 subjects were enrolled out of which 60 were having metabolic syndrome and 60 were normal individuals. We have measured the levels of GGT in subjects of metabolic syndrome and compared them with normal individuals.All the subjects enrolled in the study had normal liver function test. Results: We found a significant difference in levels of Serum GGT in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (p-value <0.001).On ROC analysis, Among other liver enzymes, GGT showed the maximum area under the curve, and a sensitivity of 61.1%, a specificity of 69.8% in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Liver enzymes assay is simple yet sensitive and cheap test to diagnose the cases of Metabolic Syndrome, more than that their role in development and progression of atherosclerosis, make GGT, a potential biomarker for risk stratification of subjects for cardiovascular diseases.
Obesity, 2011
nature publishing group epidemiology IntroductIon Elevation in serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, previously ascribed to alcohol intake or liver disease, has been shown to predict morbidity and mortality independent of these (1,2). Modest increases within normal range may be an early marker of cellular oxidative stress (3) and explain the strong associations of serum GGT with many cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Oxidative stress, assessed by circulating prostaglandin F2α levels, is recognized to be related to obesity (4). Indeed, BMI was observed to be a determinant of GGT concentrations in both genders in the Tromsö study (5). Increases in GGT activity have been found to predict hypertension (6,7), as well as incident cases of type 2 diabetes (8-10). GGT activity also predicted all-cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, independent of alcohol intake or liver disease (1,2). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) also was found to be associated with increased GGT activity in a prospective study of Japanese men (10), in the Framingham Study (2), and cross-sectionally among Turkish adults (11).
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 2009
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity changes in response to oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. Few data are available on the association between serum GGT and the prevalence of MetS among community-dwelling individuals in Japan. Methods: We recruited 793 men (mean age, 60 14 years), and 1,073 women (62 12 years), free from any history relating to cardiovascular disease during their annual health examination, from a single community. We performed a cross-sectional study to examine whether serum GGT was associated with MetS. Results: The levels of most confounding characteristics varied with increasing GGT activity. After adjustment for age, smoking status, drinking status, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate and alanine aminotransferase, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for MetS increased across serum GGT tertiles (1, 2.23 (1.22 − 4.07), and 2.32 (1.18 − 4.56) in men; and 1, 1.43 (0.81 − 2.51), and 2.64 (1.50 − 4.64) in women). After additional adjustment for insulin resistance markers (immuno-reactive insulin or homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index), the association was attenuated and the linear relation no longer significant in both genders. Furthermore, serum GGT was significantly associated with the presence of individual components of MetS in both genders, except for dyslipidemia in men and hypertension in women. Conclusions: These results suggested that higher serum GGT was significantly associated with MetS and its components in the general population. This association was related with insulin resistance but was independent of other confounding factors.
Role of C-reactive protein and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome
International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2021
Previous studies have reported that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events and levels of C-Reactive protein (CRP) can be considered as markers of MetS and its constituent components. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of MetS, and levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) change with response to oxidative stress are also associated with MetS, which may be modulated by CRP. This study was conducted to identify the role of GGT and CRP as biomarkers in the diagnosis of MetS, a high-risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. One hundred and fifty patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of MetS and an equal number of controls were included in the study. The cases were selected from pathology and molecular biology laboratories, Karachi, while the controls came from the general population. Anthropometric indices of adiposity and blood pressure were recorded for both cases and controls. Blood samples were taken from ...
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2008
Background-Prospective cohort studies have revealed that plasma ␥-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity exhibits a positive association with coronary artery disease. GGT which is equally elevated in metabolic syndrome (MS), is the major regulator of circulating concentrations of thiol compounds derived from glutathione (GSH) cleavage, ie, cysteine and cysteinyl glycine. We compared the circulating thiol profile in a cohort of patients displaying atherogenic dyslipidemia with and without MS. Methods and Results-This cross-sectional study involved 1131 dyslipidemic patients in primary prevention of whom 26% presented with MS. GGT activity and plasma cysteinyl-glycine and cysteine concentrations were higher in MS patients; by contrast, levels of GSH were significantly lower (PϽ10 to 4 for all comparisons versus patients without MS). We compared patient groups on the basis of the number of MS criteria which were concomitantly present. A progressive decrease in glutathione levels in contrast to a progressive increase in both cysteinyl-glycine and cysteine levels, and GGT activity, was observed as a function of the number of MS components in the overall population (P for trend Ͻ10 Ϫ6 ).
The significance of serum γ-glutamyltransferase in cardiovascular diseases
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2004
Since early after the introduction of serum g-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in clinical practice as a reliable and widely employed laboratory test, epidemiological and prospective studies have repeatedly shown that this activity possesses a prognostic value for morbidity and mortality. The association is independent of possibly concomitant conditions of liver disease, and notably, a significant independent correlation of serum GGT exists with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, stroke). Experimental work has documented that active GGT is present in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary as well as in cerebral arteries. These findings, and the recently recognized functions of GGT in the generation of reactive oxygen species, indicate that serum GGT represents a true marker of cardiovascular diseases and underlying atherosclerosis. Further insights into potential therapeutic interest will probably be derived from studies investigating the origin of GGT activity in plaque tissue.
Yonsei medical journal, 2017
Although γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is well known to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), prospective data on baseline and longitudinal changes in GGT levels and incident cases of MS are limited. We aimed to examine prospective associations between changes in GGT levels over time, as well as at baseline, and incident MS in Korean adults. A total of 2579 Korean adults free of MS were followed up for 2.6 years. Data were collected from 2005-2008 (baseline) and from 2008-2011 (follow-up). Serum GGT levels were determined by enzymatic methods. During follow-up, 558 participants (21.6%) developed MS. A gradual increase in the incidence of MS was observed across GGT quartiles. After adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for new onset MS, comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of baseline GGT, was 2.07 (95% CI: 1.52-2.80). The odds ratio for the highest GGT changes (>4 IU/L increase) in comparison to the lowest GGT changes (&l...
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2018
Objective: Increased serum gam m a-glutam yl transferase levels (GGT) have been shown to directly pro m o te oxidative stress. Previ ous studies have shown th e relationship betw een th e d ila ta tio n o f th e ascending aorta and oxidative stress. This study was designed to exam ine th e relationship betw een serum GGT concentrations w ith d ila ta tio n o f th e ascending aorta. Materials and Methods: N inety patients w ith ascending aortic dila ta tio n and 90 age-sex-m atched patients w ith o u t a o rtic d ilatation were included in th e study. The patients were evaluated by a co m plete transthoracic echocardiographic exam ination in clu d in g meas ure m e n t o f th e a o rtic dim ensions, w here a d iam eter o f 3.7 cm and above was accepted as ascending a o rtic d ila ta tio n. Serum GGT con centration was measured in all patients. Results: In th e g ro u p w ith a o rtic d ilatation, HT frequency, serum uric acid, hs-CRP and GGT levels, th e LV mass index, and th e le ft atrial vo lu m e index were fo u nd to be h igher than th e control group. The logistic regression analysis showed th a t o n ly HT frequency (OR:1.23,
Cardiovascular risk factors and γ-glutamyltransferase fractions in healthy individuals
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2000
Background: Serum g-glutamyltransferase activity (GGT), even when within its normal reference range, catalyzes low density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro and predicts cardiovascular events. Of the four GGT fractions (b-GGT, m-GGT, s-GGT, and f-GGT) recently identified in blood, only b-GGT is found within atherosclerotic plaques. Our goal was to identify the determinants of the GGT fractions (b-, m-, s-, and f-GGT) and their association with established cardiovascular risk factors in healthy subjects. Methods: Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to estimate the association of fractional GGT with gender, age, body mass index, arterial pressure (AP), plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high and low density lipoproteins (LDL-C) cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 200 healthy subjects. Results: All GGT fractions were associated with ALT; b-GGT with AP, TG, and CRP; m-GGT with LDL-C, TG and CRP; s-GGT with TG and CRP, and f-GGT only with LDL-C, whereas gender was associated with s-GGT and f-GGT only. Conclusions: In healthy individuals, cardiovascular risk factors are associated with high molecular weight GGT fractions, namely with b-GGT, the only form present within the plaque. This finding adds to the present knowledge concerning the relevance of GGT, within its reference range, for atherosclerosis-related events.