Causal Enzymology and Physiological Aspects May Be Accountable to Membrane Integrity in Response to Salt Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana Lines (original) (raw)
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Interplay Between Membrane Proteins and Membrane Protein-Lipid Pertaining to Plant Salinity Stress.
2023
High salinity in agricultural lands is one of the predominant issues limiting agricultural yields. Plants have developed several mechanisms to withstand salinity stress, but the mechanisms are not effective enough for most crops to prevent and persist the salinity stress. Plant salt tolerance pathways involve membrane proteins that have a crucial role in sensing and mitigating salinity stress. Due to a strategic location interfacing two distinct cellular environments, membrane proteins can be considered checkpoints to the salt tolerance pathways in plants. Related membrane proteins functions include ion homeostasis, osmosensing or ion sensing, signal transduction, redox homeostasis, and small molecule transport. Therefore, modulating plant membrane proteins' function, expression, and distribution can improve plant salt tolerance. This review discusses the membrane protein–protein and protein–lipid interactions related to plant salinity stress. It will also highlight the finding of membrane protein–lipid interactions from the context of recent structural evidence. Finally, the importance of membrane protein–protein and protein–lipid interaction is discussed, and a future perspective on studying the membrane protein–protein and protein–lipid interactions to develop strategies for improving salinity tolerance is proposed.
The regulation of plant cell wall organisation under salt stress
Frontiers in Plant Science
Plant cell wall biosynthesis is a complex and tightly regulated process. The composition and the structure of the cell wall should have a certain level of plasticity to ensure dynamic changes upon encountering environmental stresses or to fulfil the demand of the rapidly growing cells. The status of the cell wall is constantly monitored to facilitate optimal growth through the activation of appropriate stress response mechanisms. Salt stress can severely damage plant cell walls and disrupt the normal growth and development of plants, greatly reducing productivity and yield. Plants respond to salt stress and cope with the resulting damage by altering the synthesis and deposition of the main cell wall components to prevent water loss and decrease the transport of surplus ions into the plant. Such cell wall modifications affect biosynthesis and deposition of the main cell wall components: cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, lignin, and suberin. In this review, we highlight the roles of...
Plant Physiology, 2007
The plasma membrane proton pump ATPase (H 1-ATPase) plays a major role in the activation of ion and nutrient transport and has been suggested to be involved in several physiological processes, such as cell expansion and salt tolerance. Its activity is regulated by a C-terminal autoinhibitory domain that can be displaced by phosphorylation and the binding of regulatory 14-3-3 proteins, resulting in an activated enzyme. To better understand the physiological consequence of this activation, we have analyzed transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing either wild-type plasma membrane H 1-ATPase4 (wtPMA4) or a PMA4 mutant lacking the autoinhibitory domain (DPMA4), generating a constitutively activated enzyme. Plants showing 4-fold higher expression of wtPMA4 than untransformed plants did not display any unusual phenotype and their leaf and root external acidification rates were not modified, while their in vitro H 1-ATPase activity was markedly increased. This indicates that, in vivo, H 1-ATPase overexpression is compensated by down-regulation of H 1-ATPase activity. In contrast, plants that expressed DPMA4 were characterized by a lower apoplastic and external root pH, abnormal leaf inclination, and twisted stems, suggesting alterations in cell expansion. This was confirmed by in vitro leaf extension and curling assays. These data therefore strongly support a direct role of H 1-ATPase in plant development. The DPMA4 plants also displayed increased salt tolerance during germination and seedling growth, supporting the hypothesis that H 1-ATPase is involved in salt tolerance.
REVIEW Plasma membrane permeability as an indicator of salt tolerance in plants
There is evidence that the plasma membrane (PM) permeability alterations might be involved in plant salt tolerance. This review presents several lines of evidence demonstrating that PM permeability is correlated with salt tolerance in plants. PM injury and hence changes in permeability in salt sensitive plants is brought about by ionic effects as well as oxidative stress induced by salt imposition. It is documented that salinity enhances lipid peroxidation as well as protein oxidative damage, which in turn induces permeability impairment. PM protection, and thus retained permeability, in tolerant plants under salt imposition could be achieved through increasing antioxidative systems and thereby reducing lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage of PM. It appears that specific membrane proteins and/or lipids are constitutive or induced under salinity which may contribute to maintenance of membrane structure and function in salt tolerant plant species. Furthermore, protecting agents (e.g., glycinebetaine, proline, polyamines, trehalose, sorbitol, mannitol) accumulated in salt tolerant species/cultivars may also contribute to PM stabilization and protection under salinity. Based on the presented evidence that PM permeability correlates with plant salt tolerance, we suggest that PM permeability is an easy and useful parameter for selection of genotypes of agriculture crops adapted to salt stress.
Plasma membrane permeability as an indicator of salt tolerance in plants
There is evidence that the plasma membrane (PM) permeability alterations might be involved in plant salt tolerance. This review presents several lines of evidence demonstrating that PM permeability is correlated with salt tolerance in plants. PM injury and hence changes in permeability in salt sensitive plants is brought about by ionic effects as well as oxidative stress induced by salt imposition. It is documented that salinity enhances lipid peroxidation as well as protein oxidative damage, which in turn induces permeability impairment. PM protection, and thus retained permeability, in tolerant plants under salt imposition could be achieved through increasing antioxidative systems and thereby reducing lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage of PM. It appears that specific membrane proteins and/or lipids are constitutive or induced under salinity which may contribute to maintenance of membrane structure and function in salt tolerant plant species. Furthermore, protecting agents (e.g., glycinebetaine, proline, polyamines, trehalose, sorbitol, mannitol) accumulated in salt tolerant species/cultivars may also contribute to PM stabilization and protection under salinity. Based on the presented evidence that PM permeability correlates with plant salt tolerance, we suggest that PM permeability is an easy and useful parameter for selection of genotypes of agriculture crops adapted to salt stress.
Plant lipid environment and membrane enzymes: the case of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase
Plant Cell Reports, 2015
Several lipid classes constitute the universal matrix of the biological membranes. With their amphipathic nature, lipids not only build the continuous barrier that confers identity to every cell and organelle, but they are also active actors that modulate the activity of the proteins immersed in the lipid bilayer. The plasma membrane H ?-ATPase, an enzyme from plant cells, is an excellent example of a transmembrane protein whose activity is influenced by the hydrophilic compartments at both sides of the membrane and by the hydrophobic domains of the lipid bilayer. As a result, an extensive documentation of the effect of numerous amphiphiles in the enzyme activity can be found. Detergents, membrane glycerolipids, and sterols can produce activation or inhibition of the enzyme activity. In some cases, these effects are associated with the lipids of the membrane bulk, but in others, a direct interaction of the lipid with the protein is involved. This review gives an account of reports related to the action of the membrane lipids on the H ?-ATPase activity.
Advanced study of functional proteins involved in salt stress regulatory pathways in plants
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress influencing plant growth, development, and crop yield. Inhibition of pho tosynthesis, decreased cell growth, cell division, decreased biomass, and stomatal closure are all symptoms of salt stress in plants. Salt stresses induce ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stresses, which trigger various cellu lar, molecular, metabolic, and physiological responses. This review presents the proteins involved in crop plants’ response to salt stress. This review also discusses the role of phytohormones in response to salt stress. The most recent explicit protein contributions to the salt stress response in agricultural plants are discussed in this review, along with crop models that will be used in upcoming environmental stress evaluations for crop development.
Salt-induced and salt-suppressed proteins in tomato leaves
Journal of the …, 2009
kntM'rlovsL INDEX ORDS. proteornics. ferredoxin. NADP (-i ) reductase, nihisco activase, quinonc oxidorecluctase, pyrophosphorylase, heat shock. gcrniin .Solanum Ivcope:vuzon Aitsiisci. Tomato (Soiwiuni 1ycopersicui: cv. MoneyMaker) seedlings at the two-leaf stage were grown in one-halt' strength Hoagland solution supplemented with 50 nii NaCl for 4 days, with 100 mi NaCl for 4 da y s, with ISO iui NaCl for 4 (la,s. and with a final concentration 200 mi NaCl for 2 days. Solutions were refreshed every 2 days for treated and untreate(l seedlings. Non-treated plants were grown in nonarnended one-half strength Iloagland solution. Three biological replicates (BR) were included tor treated and control experiments. At the end of treatments, the uppermost three newl y expanded leaves from all 12 plants in each BR were collected and hulked to extract total protein. Proteomic anal y sis resulted in the identification of several salt-induced and salt-suppressed proteins. Saltinduced proteins were: vacuolar H'-ATPase Al subunit isoform (1.6-fold), gerrnin-like protein (1.5-fold), ferredoxin-NADP (4-) reductase (1.2-fold), quinone oxidoreductase-like protein (4.4-told), heat-shock protein (4.9-fold), and pyrophospliorylase (1.7-fold). Salt-suppressed proteins were: ATPase alpha subunit (--1.5-fold) and ruhisco activase (1.4-fold). Proteins identified in this stud y affect cellular activities for antioxidant, stress protection, carbon fixation, and carbohydrate partitioning in young tomato leaves under salt stress.
This article reports salt-induced changes in leaf and root proteomes after wild tomato (Solanum chilense) plants were treated with 200 mM NaCl. In leaf tissues, a total of 176 protein spots showed significant changes (P < 0.05), of which 104 spots were induced and 72 spots suppressed. Salt-induced proteins are associated with the following pathways: photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, glyoxylate shunt, glycine cleavage system, branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, protein folding, defense and cellular protection, signal transduction, ion transport, and antioxidant activities. Suppressed proteins belong to the following categories: oxidative phosphorylation pathway, photorespiration and protein translational machinery, oxidative stress, and ATPases. In root tissues, 106 protein spots changed significantly (P < 0.05) after the salt treatment, 63 spots were induced, and 43 suppressed by salt treatment. Salt-induced proteins are associated with the following functional pathways: regeneration of S-adenosyl methionine, protein folding, selective ion transport, antioxidants and defense mechanism, signal transduction and gene expression regulation, and branched-chain amino acid synthesis. Salt-suppressed proteins are receptor kinase proteins, peroxidases and germin-like proteins, malate dehydrogenase, and glycine dehydrogenase. In this study, different members of proteins were identified from leaf and root tissues after plants were subjected to salt treatment. These proteins represent tissue-specific changes in salt-induced proteomes. When protein expression was compared in the context of metabolic pathways, the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, glucose catabolism toward reducing cellular glucose level, and the antioxidant, detoxification, and selective ion uptake and transport were induced in both root and leaf tissues. These changes appear to be associated with salt tolerance in the whole plant.