The effects of phonetic gestures and phonological rules on intergestural timing relations (original) (raw)
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This work investigates how vowel duration and vowel quality affect degrees of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation. The effects of these two factors on vowel-to-vowel coarticulation have previously received little study. Phonological durational differences due to vowel length distinction were examined in Thai. It was hypothesized that shorter vowel duration could result in more vowelto-vowel coarticulation, and further that the vowel /a/ would allow more vowel-to-vowel coarticulation than /i/ or /u/ cross-linguistically. Thus, the susceptibility of different vowel qualities to vowel-to-vowel coarticulation was examined using Thai data. Results show that shorter vowel duration did not affect vowel-to-vowel coarticulation; and the lower the vowel, the more susceptible it is to coarticulation. Possible factors contributing to such patterns are discussed.
Effects of Vowel Duration and Vowel Quality on Vowel-to-Vowel Coarticulation
Language and Speech, 2011
This work investigates how vowel duration and vowel quality affect degrees of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation. The effects of these two factors on vowel-to-vowel coarticulation have previously received little study. Phonological durational differences due to vowel length distinction were examined in Thai. It was hypothesized that shorter vowel duration could result in more vowelto-vowel coarticulation, and further that the vowel /a/ would allow more vowel-to-vowel coarticulation than /i/ or /u/ cross-linguistically. Thus, the susceptibility of different vowel qualities to vowel-to-vowel coarticulation was examined using Thai data. Results show that shorter vowel duration did not affect vowel-to-vowel coarticulation; and the lower the vowel, the more susceptible it is to coarticulation. Possible factors contributing to such patterns are discussed.
This paper investigates how different syllable affiliations of intervocalic /st/ cluster affect vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in English. Very few studies have examined the effect of syllable structure on vowel-to-vowel coarticulation. Previous studies show that onset and coda consonants differ acoustically, articulatorily, perceptually and typologically. Onsets are stronger, more stable, more common and more distinguishable than codas. Since codas are less constrained, it was hypothesized that coda /st./ would allow more vowel-to-vowel coarticulation than onset /.st/. Three vowels (/i ɑ u/) were used to form the target sequences with the /st/ cluster in English: onset /CV.stVC/, heterosyllabic /CVs.tVC/, coda /CVst.VC/. F1 and F2 frequencies at vowel edges and the durations of the first vowel and the intervocalic consonants were measured from six speakers of Standard Southern British English. Factors included in the experiment are: Direction, Syllable Form, Target, Context. Results show that coda /st./ allows more vowel-to-vowel coarticulation than onset /.st/, and heterosyllabic /s.t/ is the most resistant among the Syllable Forms. Vowels in heterosyllabic /s.t/ are more extreme than in the other two Syllable Forms in the carryover direction. These findings suggest that vowel-to-vowel coarticulation is sensitive to different syllable structure with the same segmental composition. Possible factors contributing to the observed patterns are discussed.
This paper investigates the effects of syllable structure on vowel-to-vowel ͑V-to-V͒ coarticulation using Thai and English data. Languages differ in syllable complexity and their realizations of syllable structure. It was hypothesized that languages with complex syllable structure ͑English͒ would allow more V-to-V coarticulation than languages with simple syllable structure ͑Thai͒. Onset and coda consonants are different acoustically, articulatorily, typologically and perceptually. Onsets are generally 'stronger' and more stable than codas because they are longer, louder, and involve tighter articulatory constrictions. It was hypothesized that closed syllables ͑that end in a consonant C, i.e., VC#V͒ would allow more V-to-V coarticulation than open syllables ͑V#CV͒. /C 1 V 1 #C 2 V 2 / and /C 1 V 1 C 2 #V 2 t/ sequences were recorded from six native speakers in Thai and six in English. First and second formant frequencies were measured. Results show that English allows more V-to-V coarticulation than Thai regardless of the intervocalic duration and vowel quality difference, but open and closed syllables only affect V-to-V coarticulation minimally. In addition to syllable structure, other possible factors contributing to the language difference in V-to-V coarticulation are discussed.
Language-specific realizations of syllable structure and vowel-to-vowel coarticulation
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2010
This paper investigates the effects of syllable structure on vowel-to-vowel ͑V-to-V͒ coarticulation using Thai and English data. Languages differ in syllable complexity and their realizations of syllable structure. It was hypothesized that languages with complex syllable structure ͑English͒ would allow more V-to-V coarticulation than languages with simple syllable structure ͑Thai͒. Onset and coda consonants are different acoustically, articulatorily, typologically and perceptually. Onsets are generally 'stronger' and more stable than codas because they are longer, louder, and involve tighter articulatory constrictions. It was hypothesized that closed syllables ͑that end in a consonant C, i.e., VC#V͒ would allow more V-to-V coarticulation than open syllables ͑V#CV͒. /C 1 V 1 #C 2 V 2 / and /C 1 V 1 C 2 #V 2 t/ sequences were recorded from six native speakers in Thai and six in English. First and second formant frequencies were measured. Results show that English allows more V-to-V coarticulation than Thai regardless of the intervocalic duration and vowel quality difference, but open and closed syllables only affect V-to-V coarticulation minimally. In addition to syllable structure, other possible factors contributing to the language difference in V-to-V coarticulation are discussed.
Interspeaker variation in the extent and perception of long-distance vowel-to-vowel coarticulation
Journal of Phonetics, 2009
The phenomenon of coarticulation is relevant for issues as varied as lexical processing and language change, but research to date has not determined with certainty how far such effects can extend. This study investigated the production and perception of anticipatory vowel-to-vowel (VV) coarticulation. First, 20 native speakers of English were recorded saying sentences containing multiple consecutive schwas followed by [i] or [a]. The resulting acoustic data showed significant VV coarticulatory influence up to three vowels before the context vowel, a greater distance than has been seen in previous studies. However, there was substantial variability among speakers in this regard. The perceptibility of these effects was then tested using behavioral methodology; even long-distance effects were perceptible to some listeners. Subjects’ coarticulatory production strength and perceptual sensitivity were positively, but only weakly, correlated. Although the very slowest speakers tended to coarticulate less than the rest,speech rate and coarticulatory strength were not significantly correlated for the group as a whole.
C-V coarticulation in consonants with multiple lingual constrictions
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013
C-V coarticulation in monosyllabic words containing initial click consonants and /i:/ vowels is investigated in Mangetti Dune !Xung with 114 fps lingual ultrasound and acoustic data collected using the CHAUSA method [Miller and Finch (2011)]. The 114 fps rate yields an image of the tongue every 9 ms (+/−4.5 ms). Vowels following clicks have three lingual gestures involving the tongue tip/blade (TT), tongue body (TB), and tongue root (TR). TT and TB constrictions carried over from the clicks merge into a single vowel constriction at consonant specific rates. The second formant (F2) distinguishes each word type through the vowel midpoint. In regression analyses, TBCL and TRCL best predict F2 for alveolar click initial words, while TTCL best predicts F2 for dental/palatal click initial words. The more open constriction is acoustically inert. In the palatal click initial word, both constrictions are equally close for some speakers, and the gestures undergo blending [Browman and Goldstei...
Vowel‐to‐vowel coarticulation in Catalan VCV sequences
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1984
'Electropalatographic and acoustical data on vowel-to-vowel (V-to-V) coarticulatory effects were obtained for Catalan VCV sequences, with the consonants representing different degrees of tongue-dorsum contact (dorsopalatal approximant •j], alveolo-palatal nasal [p], alveolo-palatal lateral [•(], and alveolar nasal In]). Results show that the degree of V-to-V coarticulafion in linguopalatal fronting and F2 frequency varies monotonically and inversely with the degree of Wngue-dorsum cobtact, carryover effects being larger than anticipatory effects. The temporal extent of coarticulation also varies with the degree of tongue-dorsum contact, much more so for anticipatory effects than for carryover effects. Overall, results indicate that V-to-V coarticulation .in VCV sequences is dependent on the mechanical constraints imposed on the tongue dorsum to achieve dorsopalatal closure during the production of the intervening consonant. Moreover, anticipatory effects, but not carryover effects, involve articulatory preprogramming.