A Field Study of Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel after Short Exposure in Pelabuhan Ratu, West Java Province, Indonesia (original) (raw)
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AIP Conference Proceedings
The performance of carbon steel, galvanized steel andaluminiumafter one month exposed in the atmospheric coastal area, which is in Limbangan and Karangsong Beach, West Java, Indonesia was evaluated. The corrosion rate was determined by weight loss method and the morphology of the steel after exposed was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis(EDX). The site was monitored to determine the chloride content in the marine atmosphere. Then, the corrosion products formed at carbon steel were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The result showed the aggressivelycorrosion in Karangsong beach, indicated from the corrosion rate of carbon steel, galvanized steel and aluminium were 38.514 mpy; 4.7860 mpy and 0.5181 mpy, respectively. While in Limbangan Beach the corrosion rate of specimen carbon steel, galvanized steel and aluminium were 3.339; 0.219 and 0.166 mpy, respectively. The chloride content was found to be the main factor that influences in the atmospheric corrosion process in this area. Chloride content accumulated in Karangsong and Limbangan was 497 mg/m 2 .day and 117 mg/m 2 .day, respectively. The XRD Analysis on each carbon steel led to the characterization of a complex mixture of iron oxides phases.
Corrosion of carbon steel after exposure in the river of Sukabumi, West Java
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
In this study, the corrosion behavior of carbon steel had been investigated in the river of Sukabumi Region, West Java. The corrosion rates of those steels were measured by weight-loss method after exposure for certain periods of time in various depth of water (0 meters and 1 meter). The surface morphology and the composition of their corrosion product were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD (X-ray diffractometer) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). After exposure, the entire surface of carbon steel was covered by corrosion product in all depth of water. On the basis of results, the corrosion rate of those steels was 19.86 mpy for 0 meters of depth and 7.01 mpy for 1 meter of depth after exposure for 76 days, respectively, which means the no protective oxides on the surface of carbon steel at 0 meters.
Zairyō to kankyō, 2017
The atmospheric corrosion behaviors of carbon steel have been studied by one-year exposure test in urban, Phnom Penh, and marine, Sihanoukville, atmospheres in Cambodia. The morphology, crystalline phase, and the cross-sections of corrosion product were characterized. The annual corrosion rates in Phnom Penh, and Sihanoukville was approximately 9 μm y-1 and 27 μm y-1 , respectively. According to the category of corrosivity classification ISO 9223, Phnom Penh is classified as a low corrosive atmosphere C2 category , while Sihanoukville is classified as the medium corrosive atmosphere C3 category. The severe corrosion attack in Sihanoukville resulted from the airborne salinity, which contained higher concentrations of Clin this marine atmosphere along with the longer time of wetness, while the Phnom Penh atmosphere contained less chemical species with a short time of wetness. The formation of rust layer in the Phnom Penh was more adherent and compact than that in Sihanoukville thus the corrosion resistance of metal in the Phnom Penh was higher than that in the Sihanoukville atmosphere.
Corrosion Behavior of Mild Steel in Seawater from Karangsong Eretan of West Java Region, Indonesia
Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The corrosion behavior of mild carbon steel, has been investigated using an immersion test and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in solutions from the sites of Karangsong and Eretan, Northern Coast of West Java Region, Indonesia. As reference, solutions of 3.5% and 5% NaCl were prepared. Salinity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured. It was found that uniform corrosion observed on mild steel during the immersion test. Corrosion resistance of alloys decreases with increasing exposure time in natural seawater solutions. Since magnitudes of conductivity, salinity and TDS of all test solutions are similar, it implied that chloride ion have primary role for inducing the corrosion risk of mild steel. That parameter hinders the formation of stable passive film on the surface of corroded mild steel.Key words: conductivity; immersion test; mild steel; salinity; seawater; total dissolved solids.
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 2021
The major cause of early failure in the infrastructures of the palm oil industry in Aceh, Indonesia has been discovered to be the corrosion caused by air pollution from exhaust fumes of the factory plants. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the effect of the atmospheric corrosion of the structural steel used in the palm oil mill industry. The five types of structural steel used as samples include strip, l-shape, round bar, plate, and SAPH 610 low carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.18%. These specimens were cleansed from dirt, scaled, and rubbed with sandpaper to achieve a grid of 600, later washed with fresh water and rinsed with alcohol, and subsequently exposed to the environment in PT ASN and PT AKTS palm oil mills for 12 months. Moreover, they were placed on a measuring tray for exposure and the corrosion rate was recorded once a month using the mass loss method in line with the ASTM G50. The results showed the steel construction with a round bar shape was mo...
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur, 2016
Abstract: This research conducted to continue the previous study about atmospheric corrosion phenomenon on uncoated lowcarbon steel at Lampung Province, where it using coated low carbon steel. The atmospheric corrosion rate at LampungProvince are 152.910 g/m2/y at rural area, 267.593 g/m2/y at city, and 420,503 g/m2/y for industrial are. Based on ISOcategory, the atmospheric corrosion rate is C2 at rural, C3 at city and C4 at industrial area. Coating processes of lowcarbon steel can decreased the atmospheric corrosion rate about 172.023 g/m2/year or 39% at rural, and 91.746g/m2/year or 18% at industrial area.Keywords: Galvanized, low carbon steel, atmospheric corrosion, corrosion rat Abstrak: Penelitian ini untuk melengkapi studi terhadulu dimana dilakukan penelitian fenomena korosi atmosfer pada baja karbonrendah yang tidak dilapisi di Propinsi Lampung. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan baja karbon rendah yang telah dilapisi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laju korosi atmosfer ...
Atmospheric corrosion of different steels in marine, rural and industrial environments
Corrosion Science, 1999
The atmospheric corrosion of the dierent steels at the dierent exposure conditions has been investigated by MoÈ ssbauer and Raman spectroscopies and XRD. Goethite and lepidocrocite were identi®ed in the corrosion products formed on all the coupons. Magnetic maghemite, which resulted in the high corrosion rate, formed on the carbon steel exposed at the marine site. The inner layer, a protective layer, mainly consisted of interdispersed goethite, and the outer layer mainly composed of interdispersed lepidocrocite. The larger fraction of superparamagnetic goethite, which resulted in decreasing the mean particle size of goethite, in the corrosion products was closely related to reduction in the corrosion rate in the marine and rural sites. The larger amounts of silicon and smaller amounts of phosphorus in the steel increased the fraction of superparamagnetic goethite. However, dierent amounts of nickel did not aect the formation of the iron oxides after sixteen years of exposure.
Atmospheric corrosion map of structural steel in industrial area: a preliminary investigation
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
This paper explains the results of the initial stage of investigation of atmospheric corrosion on structural steel in industrial zones. Investigation is carried out on two shape profile of low carbon steel that is widely used for the construction of structures, namely sheet, and elbow. Corrosion rate measurement process and preparation were carried out based on ASTM G-50 and ASTM G-1 standards, with a total exposure time of six months in Medan Deli District, Medan, North Sumatra. The results of this initial stage of the investigation show that the average corrosion rate of low carbon steel for each profile is different, but overall it is still in the “good” category. This investigation will be continued for up to twelve months to obtain more complete data.
International Journal of Corrosion, 2022
This research is aimed at studying the corrosion rates of carbon and weathering steels due to exposure at three urban exposure sites and the characteristics of corrosion products of carbon steel in Yangon, Myanmar. The ISO 9223 standard was used to classify the corrosion aggressiveness of the atmosphere. There is a high level of time of wetness (TOW) class which is τ 4 in the south and τ 3 in the central part of Myanmar. At the recent exposure sites in Myanmar, the atmospheric impurities are low, so the corrosion rates of carbon and weathering steels are mainly governed by TOW. The corrosion rates of test sites fall into the ISO C2 category. It appears that corrosion kinetics fit the power model well, since the correlation coefficient is high. Various morphologies of corrosion products including globular, flowery, and sandy lepidocrocite emerged in the early stage of exposure. The longer TOW conditions resulted in the formation of lepidocrocite and goethite. The growth of goethite products on carbon steel was discovered after nine months of exposure.