Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from health care institutions in Ekiti and Ondo States, South-Western Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Burden and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus in dairy farms in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia
BMC Veterinary Research
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent colonizer of human and several animal species, including dairy cows. It is the most common cause of intramammary infections in dairy cows. Its public health importance increases inline to the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains; such as Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Indeed, the recent emergence of human and veterinary adapted MRSA demands serious attention. The aim of this study was to determine the burden and drug resistance pattern of S. aureus in dairy farms in Mekelle and determine the molecular characteristics of MRSA. Results This study was done on 385 lactating dairy cows and 71 dairy farmers. The ages of the cows and farmworkers were between 3 and 14 and 17–63 years respectively. S. aureus was isolated from 12.5% of cows and 31% of farmworkers. Highest resistance was observed for penicillin (> 90%) followed by tetracycline (32–35%) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (10–27%). But no resistance was observe...
2019
Staphylococcus aureus is commonly associated with mastitis in dairy herds with potential public health implications. Overall, 303 samples were collected from September 2015 to July 2016 to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic pattern of drug resistance in S. aureus isolated from cases of clinical and sub-clinical bovine mastitis in Central Ethiopia. Milk samples were tested by using California Mastitis Test and positive samples were subjected for bacterial culture, disc diffusion test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of antimicrobial resistance. Based on California mastitis test (CMT) result and clinical examination, the prevalence of mastitis was 70.6%. S. aureus was isolated from 36.9% of CMT positive samples. The phenotypic determination of antimicrobial resistance showed that the isolates were most resistant to ampicillin (80%) followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (23.3%), tetracycline (15%), streptomycin (10%) and gentamycin (3.3%) and equall...
A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2014 to April 2015 to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistant situation of Staphylococcus aureus with assessment of associated potential risk factors at selected dairy farms in Holeta area, western Ethiopia. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the study sites, farms and animals. Physical examination, California Mastitis Test (CMT), Culture, Biochemical identification tests and Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were used in the study. A total of 384 lactating Holstein cross breed, jersey breed and zebu cows were included and of these, 216 (56.25%) were found to be reactive by CMT and only 21 cows (5.46%) were found clinically positive. A total of 33 (15.3%) isolates were identified via bacteriological analysis of the milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the isolates were highly sensitive to Gentamycin (97.0%) and Amikacin (97.0%); moderately sensitive to Kanamycin (84.8%), Sulfamethoxazole (78.8%) and Tetracycline (66.7%). Whereas, highly resistant to Penicillin-G (100%). Statistically significant difference was observed (P<0.05) between isolates and antibiotic used. This study depicted that antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent in the study farms. Thus, improved management options should be practiced in order to minimize the economic loss caused by S. aureus mastitis in dairy farms.
Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 2021
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been reported as the most commonly isolated highly contagious pathogen from human, animals and animal products. Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen with zoonotic potential that could have devastating consequence for the health and well-being of animals and human. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 233 samples from cow milk, udder swabs and milkers' hand swabs were collected for culture and identification based on the standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for all isolates by using Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion test. MRSA was detected by cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Results: S. aureus was isolated from 50 (21.46%) of 233 samples and the prevalence of MRSA was 4%. The highest prevalence was found in cow milk 36 (25.53%) followed by hand swabs 10 (19.23%) and udder swabs 4 (10%). S. aureus prevalence was 58.33%, 30.0%, 21.43%, 17.92%, 15.79% in farm D, C, E, A, B respectively. A large percentage (58.33% and 30%) were from farm D and C. S. aureus isolation rate showed statistically significant association with farm types (p = 0.011) and with previous mastitis exposure (p = 0.001). High level of resistance was observed to penicillin (94%) and ampicillin (92%), but low level resistance to gentamicin (0%), amikacin (0%), ceftriaxone (0%), chloramphenicol (4%), ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin (4%). The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 10.42%. Conclusion: Prevalence of S. aureus in milk showed statistically significant association with respect to previous mastitis exposure and farm types (p = 0.011). High level of resistant to penicillin and ampicillin was observed. Therefore, effective mastitis control programs, best veterinary practice among all farms and use of antibiotics in the farm should be strictly controlled.
A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2016 to April 2017 in and around Asella town to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine mastitic milk. A total of 384 lactating dairy cows were screened for mastitis based on clinical examinations and California Mastitis Test (CMT). Out of 230 lactating crossbred cows with either clinical or subclinical mastitis examined for the involvement of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated at a rate of 47.2% and 42.9% of the sub-clinical and clinical cases, respectively. The overall prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus scored in this study was 46.5%. Among the risk factors considered, Age, parity and lactation stage were found significantly associated with the occurrence of S. aureus in mastitic milk (p<0.05). The current study revealed that S. aureus has avery low susceptibility to penicillinG (0%), followed by tetracycline (14.2%). However, these randomly selected isolates were found to be susceptible (100%) to Kanamycin. Proper prevention and regular antimicrobial sensitivity testing help to select effective antibiotics and ultimately reduce the development of resistance towards commonly used antibiotics.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2013
Staphylococcus aureus is a major problem of public health which causes a number of human and animal diseases. In order to isolate and identify S. aureus from milk of dairy cows and nasal swabs of farm workers of different farm settings, a cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 260 lactating dairy cows milk and 68 nasal swabs of farm workers in selected dairy farms around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The collected nasal swabs and milk (California Mastitis Test Screened) were cultured on sheep blood agar.Presumptive Staphylococci colonies were sub-cultured on mannitol salt agar andconfirmed by BiOLOG Identification system. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. aureus isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using twelve antimicrobials. The prevalence of S. aureus was found to be 51 (15.5%) out of the total samples examined. In addition, the prevalence of S. aureus was 42 (16.2%) from milk of 260 lactating dairy cows and 9 (13.2%) from nasal swabs of 68 farm wor...
PLOS ONE, 2022
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the foodborne disease-causing bacterial pathogens. A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected towns of the West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia from December 2020 to April 2021. The objectives of the study were to estimate the occurrence and load of S. aureus in raw cows' milk, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the S. aureus isolates, and assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the farmers on factors of antimicrobial resistance. A total of 311 samples from raw cows' milk (212), milkers' hands (44), and milking buckets (55) swabs were collected and tested. The disc diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the factors of milk contamination with S. aureus and antimicrobial resistance. The Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analyses. The result indicated that 16.72% (52/311) (95% CI: 12.75-21.34%) of the samples were positive for S. aureus. The occurrence of S. aureus was 22.73%, 16.51%, and 12.73% in milkers' hand swabs, cow milk, and milking bucket swabs, respectively. The mean count of S. aureus from raw cows' milk was 4.3± 1.45 log10 CFU/ml. About 88% of S aureus isolates were resistant to ampicillin while 82.9% and 70.7% of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime respectively. The majority of the S. aureus isolates (61%) showed multi-drug resistance. The odds of S. aureus isolation from the milk of cows were significantly high in older cows (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 5.54; p = 0.001), in late lactation stages (AOR: 3.6; p = 0.012), and in farms where house cleaning was done twice per week (AOR: 8.7; p = 0.001). A high percentage of farmers had insufficient knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about the factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, the poor milk hygienic practices, high rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and inadequate KAP of farmers about factors of AMR suggest potential public health risks thus requiring training and surveillance programs.
Veterinary Medicine International
A cross-sectional study was carried out in and around Sebeta town dairy farms, Finfinne special zone, Ethiopia, from December 2019 to May 2020 to isolate, identify, and test antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical mastitis. A total of 116 milk samples were purposively collected from 57 lactating cows with clinical mastitis. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus were carried out by using primary and secondary biochemical tests. Besides, Biolog was used for microbial identification systems. To know if the isolates develop resistance to antibiotics, the antimicrobial susceptibility test (ATS) was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar by the disk diffusion method. From a total of 57 lactating cows and 116 teat quarters examined, 21.05% (12/57) and 15.52% (18/116) were positive for S. aureus from clinical mastitis, respectively. From a total of 116 milk samples collected, 15.52% (18/116) Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, and from 11 farms...