On the valuation of arithmetic-average Asian options: the Geman-Yor Laplace transform revisited (original) (raw)
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European Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2008
In this article, we present a simplified means of pricing Asian options using partial differential equations (PDEs). We first provide a concise derivation of the well-known similarity reduction and exact Laplace transform solution. We then analyse the problem afresh as a power series in the volatility-scaled contract duration, with a view to obtaining an asymptotic solution for the low-volatility limit, a limit which presents difficulties in the context of the general Laplace transform solution. The problem is approached anew from the point of view of asymptotic expansions and the results are compared with direct, high precision, inversion of the Laplace transform and with numerical results obtained by V. Linetsky and J. Vecer. Our asymptotic formulae are little more complicated than the standard Black–Scholes formulae and, working to third order in the volatility-scaled expiry, are accurate to at least four significant figures for standard test problems. In the case of zero risk-ne...
Performance Measure of Laplace Transforms for Pricing Path Dependent Options
International Journal of Pure and Apllied Mathematics, 2014
This paper presents a performance measure of Laplace transforms for pricing path dependent options. We obtain a simple expression for the double transform by means of Fourier and Laplace transforms, (with respect to the logarithm of the strike and time to maturity) of the price of continuously monitored Asian options. The double transform is expressed in terms of Gamma functions only. The computation of the price requires a multivariate numerical inversion. Under jump-diffusion model, we show that the Laplace transforms of lookback options can be obtained through a recursion involving only analytical formulae for standard European call and put options. We also show that the numerical inversion can be performed with great accuracy and low computational cost.
Valuation of European Call Options via the Fast Fourier Transform and the Improved Mellin Transform
Journal of Mathematical Finance, 2016
This paper considers the valuation of European call options via the fast Fourier transform and the improved Mellin transform. The Fourier valuation techniques and Fourier inversion methods for density calculations add a versatile tool to the set of advanced techniques for pricing and management of financial derivatives. The Fast Fourier transform is a numerical approach for pricing options which utilizes the characteristic function of the underlying instrument's price process. The Mellin transform has the ability to reduce complicated functions by realization of its many properties. Mellin's transformation is closely related to an extended form of other popular transforms, particularly the Laplace transform and the Fourier transform. We consider the fast Fourier transform for the valuation of European call options. We also extend a framework based on the Mellin transforms and show how to modify the method to value European call options. We obtain a new integral equation to determine the price of European call by means of the improved Mellin transform. We show that our integral equation for the price of the European call option reduces to the Black-Scholes-Merton formula. The numerical results show that the tremendous speed of the fast Fourier transform allows option prices for a huge number of strikes to be evaluated very rapidly but the damping factor or the integrability parameter must be carefully chosen since it controls the intensity of the fluctuations and the magnitude of the functional values. The improved Mellin transform is more accurate than the fast Fourier transform, converges faster to the Black-Scholes-Merton model, provides accurate comparable prices and the approach can be regarded as a good alternative to existing methods for the valuation of European call option on a dividend paying stock.
An accurate analytical approximation for the price of a European-style arithmetic Asian option
2003
For discrete arithmetic Asian options the payoff depends on the price average of the underlying asset. Due to the dependence structure between the prices of the underlying asset, no simple exact pricing formula exists, not even in a Black-Scholes setting. In the recent literature, several approximations and bounds for the price of this type of option are proposed. One of
On " A General Framework for Pricing Asian Options Under Markov Processes "
(Cai, Song, and Kou 2015) [Cai, N., Y. Song, S. Kou (2015) A general framework for pricing Asian options under Markov processes. Oper. Res. 63(3): 540-554] made a breakthrough by proposing a general framework for pricing both discretely and continuously monitored Asian options under one-dimensional Markov processes. In this note, under the setting of continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC), we explicitly carry out the inverse Z−transform and the inverse Laplace transform respectively for the discretely and the continuously monitored cases. The resulting explicit single Laplace transforms improve their Theorem 2, p.543, and numerical studies demonstrate the gain in efficiency.
Pricing Asian Options Under a Hyper-Exponential Jump Diffusion Model
Operations Research, 2012
We obtain a closed-form solution for the double-Laplace transform of Asian options under the hyper-exponential jump diffusion model (HEM). Similar results are only available previously in the special case of the Black-Scholes model (BSM). Even in the case of the BSM, our approach is simpler as we essentially use only Itô's formula and do not need more advanced results such as those of Bessel processes and Lamperti's representation. As a by-product we also show that a well-known recursion relating to Asian options has a unique solution in a probabilistic sense. The double-Laplace transform can be inverted numerically via a two-sided Euler inversion algorithm. Numerical results indicate that our pricing method is fast, stable, and accurate, and performs well even in the case of low volatilities.
Commodity Asian Options: A Closed-Form Formula
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
We compute an analytical expression for the moment generating function of the joint random vector consisting of a spot price and its discretely monitored average for a large class of square-root price dynamics. This result, combined with the Fourier transform pricing method proposed by [Carr, P., Madan D., 1999. Option valuation using the fast Fourier transform. Journal of Computational Finance 2(4), Summer, 61-73] allows us to derive a closed-form formula for the fair value of discretely-monitored Asian-style options. Our analysis encompasses the case of commodity price dynamics displaying mean reversion and jointly fitting a quoted futures curve and the seasonal structure of spot price volatility. Four tests are conducted to assess the relative performance of the pricing procedure stemming from our formulae. Empirical results based on natural gas data from NYMEX and corn data from CBOT show a remarkable improvement over the main alternative techniques developed for pricing Asian-style options within the market standard framework of geometric Brownian motion.
Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 2017
In this paper, we propose a hybrid Laplace transform and finite difference method to price (finite-maturity) American options, which is applicable to a wide variety of asset price models including the constant elasticity of variance (CEV), hyper-exponential jumpdiffusion (HEJD), Markov regime switching models, and the finite moment log stable (FMLS) models. We first apply Laplace transforms to free boundary partial differential equations (PDEs) or fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) governing the American option prices with respect to time, and obtain second order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or fractional differential equations (FDEs) with free boundary, which is named as the early exercise boundary in the American option pricing. Then, we develop an iterative algorithm based on finite difference methods to solve the ODEs or FDEs together with the unknown free boundary values in the Laplace space. Both the early exercise boundary and the prices of American options are recovered through inverse Laplace transforms. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method in CEV, HEJD, Markov regime switching models and the FMLS models.